analisa dan perancangan perusahaan
TRANSCRIPT
Kuliah IIr. Murman Budijanto, MT., MIDEc
Materi PerkuliahanBagian I Manajemen Perusahaan:
1. Fungsi manajemen dalam perusahaan2. Siklus manajemen dalam perusahaan:
Planning-Organizing-Leading-Controlling3. Perencanaan dan strategi perusahaan4. Organisasi dalam perusahaan5. Kepemimpinan dalam perusahaan6. Pengendalian dalam Perusahaan
Ref.: Stephen Robbins and Mary Coulter. 2004 Management. Ed. 8.
Materi PerkuliahanBagian II Ekonomi Manajerial dan Manajemen
Strategi1. Teori dasar perusahaan: behavior of the firms
in the market2. Teori tentang laba3. Analisis permintaan pasar4. Pasar dan penentuan harga5. Teori dasar manajemen strategi6. Aplikasi manajemen strategi
Ref.:Managerial Economics in a Global Economy by Dominick Salvatore (2006)
Manajemen dan ManajerOrganisasi:
Sekelompok orangTerstrukturTujuan tertentu
Manajer: anggota organisasi yang mengintegrasikan dan mengkoordinasikan pekerjaan anggota lain.
Manajemen: proses mengintegrasikan dan mengkoordinasikan aktifitas kerja sehingga terselesaikan dengan efisien dan efektif bersama dan melalui orang lain.
Tingkatan dalam OrganisasiTop
managers
Middle manager
First-line managers
Konsep Efisiensi dan Efektifitas dalam ManajemenEfisiensi (cara) - Efektifitas (hasil)
High Waste Low Waste High Attainment Low Attainment
Resource usage
Goal Attainment
Management strives for: Low resource waste (high
efficiency)High goal attainment (high
effectiveness)
Apa yang dilakukan Manajer?Fungsi manajemen:
PlanningOrganizingLeadingControlling
Proses Manajemen: serangkaian keputusan dan tindakan dalam rangka POLC
Peran Manajemen (Mintzberg 1973):InterpersonalInformationalDecisional
Kemampuan Manajerial (Katz 1970s)Kemampuan Teknis (Technical Skills)
Kemampuan yang mencakup keahlian khusus tertentu untuk menyelesaikan tugas
Kemampuan Humanis (Human Skills)Kemampuan bekerja dengan baik bersama orang
lain secara individu ataupun grupKemampuan Konseptual (Conceptual Skills)
Kemampuan berpikir dan mengkonsep situasi abstrak, melihat organisasi secara menyeluruh dan memetakan hubungan antar bagian, dan merumuskan bagaimana organisasi bisa tumbuh dalam lingkungannya
Bagaimana hubungan kemampuan ini dengan tingkatan dalam organisasi?
Apakah pekerjaan manajer selalu sama di setiap organisasi?
Theory of the FirmCombines and organizes resources for the
purpose of producing goods and/or services for sale.
Internalizes transactions, reducing transactions costs.
Primary goal is to maximize the wealth or value of the firm.
PowerPoint Slides Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.
Slide 10
PowerPoint Slides Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.
Slide 11
The present value of all expected future profits
1 21 2
1(1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 )
nn tn t
t
PVr r r r
1 1(1 ) (1 )
n nt t tt t
t t
TR TCValueof Firm
r r
Alternative TheoriesSales maximization
Adequate rate of profitManagement utility maximization
Principle-agent problemSatisficing behavior
PowerPoint Slides Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.
Slide 12
Definitions of ProfitBusiness Profit: Total revenue minus the
explicit or accounting costs of production.Economic Profit: Total revenue minus the
explicit and implicit costs of production.Opportunity Cost: Implicit value of a resource
in its best alternative use.
PowerPoint Slides Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.
Slide 13
Theories of ProfitRisk-Bearing Theories of ProfitFrictional Theory of ProfitMonopoly Theory of ProfitInnovation Theory of ProfitManagerial Efficiency Theory of Profit
PowerPoint Slides Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.
Slide 14
Function of ProfitProfit is a signal that guides the allocation of
society’s resources.High profits in an industry are a signal that
buyers want more of what the industry produces.
Low (or negative) profits in an industry are a signal that buyers want less of what the industry produces.PowerPoint Slides
Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.
Slide 15
Business EthicsIdentifies types of behavior that businesses
and their employees should not engage in.Source of guidance that goes beyond
enforceable laws.
PowerPoint Slides Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.
Slide 16
The Changing Environment of Managerial EconomicsGlobalization of Economic Activity
Goods and ServicesCapitalTechnologySkilled Labor
Technological ChangeTelecommunications AdvancesThe Internet and the World Wide Web
PowerPoint Slides Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.
Slide 17
Strategic Management
Definition:
Art & science of formulating, implementing, andevaluating, cross-functional decisions that
enable anorganization to achieve its objectives.
Strategic Management achieves a firm’s success through integration
Management Marketing
Finance/Accounting Production/Operations
Research & Development MIS
Vision & Mission
Strategy Formulation
External Opportunities & Threats
Internal Strengths & Weaknesses
Long-Term Objectives
Alternative Strategies
Strategy Selection
Issues in Strategy Formulation
New Business opportunitiesBusinesses to abandonAllocation of resourcesExpansion or diversificationInternational marketsMergers or joint venturesAvoidance of hostile takeover
New Business opportunitiesBusinesses to abandonAllocation of resourcesExpansion or diversificationInternational marketsMergers or joint venturesAvoidance of hostile takeover