sejarah teknik pertanian

Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012

Sejarah Aplikasi Teknologi di bidang Pertanian

2500 BCE-1750 AD

1750-1900 Revolusi Pertanian

Revolusi Pertanian, karena mesin-mesin mulai ditemukan, berawal dari mesin pemintal (gin) Eli Withney 1794. Dengan mesin ini pemisahan biji kapas dari serat kapas 50 lb kapas bersih per hari setara dengan 100 HOK

1800-an diperkenalkan sistem rotasi tanaman : menanam 4 petak dengan tanaman yang berlainan, setiap tahun dirotasi

15 Mei 1862, Presiden Lincoln membentuk USDA standar pertanian praktis diperkenalkan diseluruh negara

1880-an diperkenalkan program peningkatan produksi dan standar kesehatan di pertanian

1900 – abad 21

Terjadi perkembangan pesat teknologi pertanian

1837 Deere menemukan bajak besi baja

1876 Nikolaus Otto membuat mesin bensin, 1897 Rudolph Diesel membuat mesin diesel.

Deere, Tate and Gould didirikan tahun 1848 di Moline, Illinois, tahun 1868 berubah menjadi Deere and Company, dan tahun 1918 membuat traktor yang pertama

1885 Daimler's Petroleum Reitwagen

1920s era American Otto Engine for Stationary Use

Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012

The Waterloo Engine Company was

already manufacturing the Waterloo Boy

tractor that it had introduced in 1913.

Deere & Co. began to develop

prototypes for their own tractor. in

1918.

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931)

Nikola Tesla (Serbian, 10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian-American inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer, electrical engineer

Abad otomasi, robot, pertanian presisi

Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012

Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012

Grain Harvesting

http://www.vaes.vt.edu/steeles/mccormick/harvest.html#auto

Traditional Harvesting Methods

McCormick's First Reaper (1831)

The first reaper included these

essential elements:

1. Reciprocal knife 2. Fingers or gaurds 3. Revolving reel 4. Platform 5. Master wheel 6. Forward draft 7. Divider

McCormick Patent Reaping Machine (1857)

McCormick Automatic Self-Rake Reaper (1858)

Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012

"Old Reliable" of 1864

Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012

McCormick Harvester and Binder (1876)

McCormick Light Steel Binder built in 1888

McCormick-Deering Tractor Binder

McCormick-Deering Reaper with thresher

Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012

Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012

MESIN PANEN HORTIKULTUR

Cabbage harvester Air-cooled gasoline, 8.9PS, hydrostatic

transmission (HST)

The machine pulls out a cabbage from the

ground by contra-rotating twin augers, and

cut off the head from outer leaves, and put

them into the container. The container is

hundled by the fork-lift installed on the rear

portion of the machine.

By the field test, the harvester cut a head

within one to two seconds with few damages

and losses. 150 cabbage heads were stored in

the container, and harvested 3 ares per hour.

Burdock harvester

39PS(diesel) , 0 to 2.3 m/s

After loosening the soil around the burdocks

located １ to 1.2m deep in soil by the

oscillating digger, the machine holds them by

belts and pulls them out of soil. A working

team comprises one operator and one

assistant who grades the harvested burdocks.

It is applicable to the field where the distance

between rows is 60cm or more, and the

headland width necessary for turning is about

4.5m.

The harvesting efficiency is about 2.6 ares

per hour, including the time to transship on

the truck.

Universal tuber root harvester

Water-cooled diesel 46PS, hydrostatic

transmission (HST)

The harvester has the function of digging crops,

removing leaves and stalks, manual sorting, and

loading into tank. It is available for harvesting

potato, sweet potato, taro (Colocasia

antiquorum) and short-rooted carrot. It can

surely remove the stalks of sweet potato, and

separate the daughter tubers from the mother

crop of taro while passing through the digging

conveyer.So, the machine provides high

harvesting efficiency and easy unloading.

Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012

1. Driving Seat 10. Small potato tank

2. Leading roller 11. Damping conveyer

3. Digging knife 12. Rotary conveyer

4. Colter 13. Forward feeding conveyer

5. Soil separating conveyer 14. Second snapping roller

6. Vibrator 15. Small potato removing roller

7. Small taro separating conveyer 16. Sorting conveyer

8. First snapping roller 17. Unloading tank

9. Stalk leaf guide 18. Rubber crawler

Stawberry Harvester One-wheel drive three-wheeler type harvesting aid,

Machine weight 90kg, ridge 1,000～1,300mm

The machine allows effective harvesting from

your sitting position. The one-wheel drive vehicle

uses the guide wheel to provide automatic steering

along the ridge, while the two-wheel drive vehicle

utilizes micro-computer control for automatic

steering along the ridge. The maximum traveling

speed is 5cm/s and can be adjusted as desired.

Harvested strawberry can be mounted on the

loading space up to 60kg.

Two-wheel drive four-wheeler type harvesting

aid, weight 116 kg, ridge 1,000～1,300mm

It allows ridge transference even when the

headland width is about 0.7m. The two-wheel

drive four-wheeler type harvesting aid has

excellent traveling performances on a swampland,

and is equipped with a seat on the right and left to

facilitate your work in both ways.

Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012

Vebetable and Paddy Transplanter

Small Head-feeding Combine Harvester for Hilly and Mountainous Areas

Intra-Row Weeder for Upland Field

Applicable tray For pulp mold cell pot seedling

For cell tray seedling, TypeA For cell tray seedling, Type B

60 hills per minute, per row, continuous planting is possible. Planting accuracy is excellent with very few misplanted hills.Working efficiency by one operator is 1hr/10a

Bahan Kuliah TMP Dr. Radite P.A.S., Sept 2012

Robots to milk their cows

I-STEP 04Juli 2012 Dr. Radite P.A.Setiawan, IPB

Center Pivot

infor@groundwater.org

Center pivot system is envisioned to

transport the application device for the

variable application of both chemicals

and water

Computer control