s1 kuliah # 2 komponen dan fungsi 1 -...

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Pengelolaan  elemen  penyusun  agroekosystem  

L.  SETYOBUDI    

2010  

Topik  • fungsi,    • hirarki  (food  &  energy  chain)    • nilai  ekonomi  

Land  based  agriculture  

Mewujudkan  kebijakan  pangan  nasional  menyangkut:    

•  terjaminnya  pangan  (food  availability),  •  ketahanan  pangan  (food  security),    •  akses  pangan  (food  accessibility),    •  kualitas  pangan  (food  quality)  dan  •  keamanan  pangan  (food  safety).  

Four  important  properMes  of  Agroecosystem  

•  Produc3vity:    – Measured  either  as  yield  or  income  per  unit  of  input  or  resource  i.e.  yield/ha  

•  Stability:  – Measured  as  the  constancy  of  the  producMvity  

•  Sustainability:  –  The  ability  of  an  agroecosystem  to  maintain  producMvity  in  respond  to  environmental  disturbance  

•  Equitability:  –  Expresses  how  evenly  the  products  of  an  agroecosystem  are  distributed  among  its  human  beneficiaries  à  Prosperity  

HypotheMcal  evoluMon  of  agroecosystem  Productivity Stability Sustainability Equitability

Low population traditional cultivation

Low Medium High High

High population traditional cultivation

Very low Very low Low Medium

Reforestation Low High High Low Cash cropping High Low Low Low Tree gardens and cash cropping

Medium Medium Medium Medium

Integrated tree and home gardens

High Medium High High

Diagram  alir  Pendekatan  Agroekosistem  PENENTUAN  LOKASI  

DATA  BIO-­‐FISIK,  SOSIAL,  EKONOMI  DEMOGRAFI  

PENENTUANDAN  PEMETAAN  KAWASAN  

Analisis  Erosi  Tanah   Analisis  Kesesuaian  Analisis  

Pendapatan,  Usaha  Tani,  Daya  Dukung  

Analisis  Agroteknologi  

Analisis  Agroekosistem  

•  ProdukMvitas,  Capability,  Stability,  Sustainability  

AlternaMf  pemanfaatan  yang  opMmal  dan  berwawasan  lingkungan  

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Subsistance  farming  household  

Subsistance  farming  household  developed  country  

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How  are  these  ecosystems  similar?  How  are  they  different?  What  are  the  components  of  their  food  

web?  How  do  nutrients  and  water  cycle  in  the  system?  How  much  is  harvested  by  humans?  

Banana  in  a  tradiMonal  home  garden  in  a  forest  

area  

Highland  bananas  

Which  one  of  these  agro-­‐ecosystems  has  more  different  types  of  plant  material  produced?  Which  one  has  a  more  diverse  food  web?  

Plantain  intercropped  with  cassava  and  pineapple  

Export  banana   Agroforestry  banana  

In  which  system  is  more  sunlight  captured  by  Musa?  In  which  system  is  more  biomass  recycled?  

Plantain  with  few  stems  and  limited  canopy  

Vigorous  plantain  

The  many  plant  and  animals  in  an  agro-­‐ecosystem  can  be  viewed  as  a  food  web.    

The  soil  food  web  has  many  organisms  feeding  both  on  living  and  dead  plant  material.  Thus,  the  many  organisms  derive  energy  to  grow  and  

reproduce  and  eventually  nutrients  Bed  up  in  plant  and  animal  material  is  available  again  for  plant  growth.    

What  other  organisms  are  present  in  an  agro-­‐ecosystem  based  on  banana  in  your  area?    

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Linkage  of  social-­‐cultural-­‐economic  factors  influencing  the  land  use  decisions  which  modify  agroecosystem  processes.  

NutriMon  Indicator  (N)