pertemuan1_tiga level tinjauan keruangan
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ISI KULIAH (4 X PERTEMUAN)1. KONSEP DAN PENDEKATAN KERUANGAN
2. MODEL KERUANGAN KEGIATAN PRIMER (PERTANIAN)
3. MODEL KERUANGAN KEGIATAN SEKUNDER (INDUSTRI)
4. MODEL KERUANGAN KEGIATAN TERSIER (JASA PERDAGANGAN)
5. TATA RUANG DALAM PRAKTEK DI INDONESIA
BAHAN KULIAH AKTR (1)1. Posisi keruangan dalam studi geografi (review)2. Konsep dan Pendekatan Keruangan
By. Luthfi Muta’ali
REVIEW POSISI ANALISIS KERUANGAN DALAM GEOGRAFI
WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY ?• Studi geografi hakekatnya adalah studi
keruangan tentang gejala-gejala geografi
(Hagget).
• Study of areal differentiation.”
• A description of “… spatial arrangements and
associations of activities and processes in
geographical space.”
• Ilmu yang mempelajari fenomena geosfer,
dengan pendekatan ekologi dan keruangan
dalam konteks kompleks wilayah.
RUANG LINGKUP GEOGRAFI (RHOAD MURPHEY)
• The distribution and relationship of
mankind over the earth and the spatial
aspects of human activities and use of the
earth.
• The interrelation between human society
and the physical environment as part of the
study of areal differences.
• The regional framework and the analysis
of specific region.
THE SPATIAL TRADITION• Focuses on where things are and why
they are there
• Asks about patterns of human occupancy of the earth’s surface
• Abstract concern for patterns, processes, geometry, movement, etc
• Theoretical & analytical: concerned with explanation and prediction of the generalrather than description & understanding of the particular
• Allied with mathematics, economics,psychology, sociology
ANALISA 5-WH•WHAT gejala atau fenomena geosfer
•WHERE distribusi fenomena geosfer
•WHY interaksi, interrelasi, asosiasi,
integrasi
•WHEN dimensi waktu
•WHO subyek (
•HOW intensitas gejala (kualitatif
atau kuantitatif), problem solution.
Tugas (latihan): analisis keruangan kegiatan manusia (human activity) atau (fenomena geosfer) dengan 5WH
KONSEP DAN
PENDEKATAN
KERUANGANApa pentingnya? Bagi pembangunan
“keadilan / pemerataan spasial” tugas geografi
CORE CONCEPTS OF THE SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE
• LEVEL I (POSISI)
1. Places have location, direction, and distance with respect to
other places.
2. Places interact with other places
• LEVEL II (STRUKTUR)
• 3. The content of places is rationally structured
• 4. Scale is important
• 5. Places may be generalized into regions.
• LEVEL III (DETERMINAN)
• 6. The physical structure and cultural content of place are
dynamic not static.
• 7. Geographical problems are characterized by historical,
dimensional, and time-space tension
• 8. Perception, cognition, and choice are fundamental to the
evolution of human landscapes and their interaction with
the natural landscape
SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE
SPACE
REGION
PLACE
Fenomena GEOSFER
Level-1 (posisi)
Level-2 (struktur)
Level-3 (determinan)
riel
• Komponenen
Objek
geosfer
dalam Ruang
• 1. Titik
• 2. Garis
• 3. Area
KONSEP-KONSEP SPASIALLEVEL-1
• LOCATION
A. Lokasi absolut dan Relatif (distance dan direction)
B. Site dan Situation
2. DIRECTION
a. Absolut direction
b. Relatif direction
3. DISTANCE
a. Absolut distance (Phisical/spatial/time)
b. Relatif distance (time/temporal and cognitif)
4. INTERACTION
a. Spatial dependency
b. Friction of distance
c. Accessibility
d. Conectivity
e. Network
f. diffusion
LEVEL-2
• SPATIAL STRUCTURE
a. Density
b. Dispersion
c. Concentration
d. Pattern
2. SKALA
a. Scale of analysis (scoping)
global to local
a. Scale of map
3. REGION
a. Hierarchical region
b. Formal region
c. Functional region
d. Perception region
LEVEL III
6. The physical and cultural content of place are dynamic not static.
7. Geographical problems are characterized by historical, dimensional, and time-space tension
8. Perception, cognition, and choiceare fundamental to the evolution of human landscapes and their interaction with the natural landscape
SPATIAL APPROACH
(SABARI YUNUS)
•SPATIAL PATERN(distribusi mengelompok-menyebar)
•SPATIAL STRUCTURE(keberaturan dan intensitas)
•SPATIAL PROCESS•SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
(hierarkhi)
•SPATIAL INTERACTION•SPATIAL TENDENCY/TREND•SPATIAL ASSOCIATION•SPATIAL SYNERGISM
struktur RUANG adalah hasil
kenampakan interaksi multi
faktor
Economic
Social Spatial/Regional Structure
Culture Human process (pattern of economic Activity)
Politic created reg. structure
Geographic
reciprocal relationship
spatial form / regional structure influence a human process
Kenampakan : struktur ekonomi, struktur sosial, struktur pemanfaatan ruang
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