perancangan butterfly valve turbin poros … · pada perancangan turbin oleh syafrial hidayat tidak...
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PERANCANGAN BUTTERFLY VALVE TURBIN POROS
HORIZONTAL BENDUNGAN SARADAN MADIUN
TUGAS AKHIR
BIDANG MIKROHYDRO
Diajukan kepada
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Akademik Dalam Menyelesaikan
Program Sarjana Teknik (S1)
Oleh :
TEDDY GANRIADI
201010120311012
JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
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POSTER
Berdasarkan data Blueprint Pengelolaan Energi Nasional 2005-
2025 yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementrian ESDM pada tahun 2006.
Menyebutkan bahwa cadangan minyak bumi di Indonesia pada tahun
2005 diperkirakan akan habis dalam kurun waktu 23 tahun dengan ratio
cadangan / produksi pada tahun tersebut, sedangkan gas diperkirakan
akan habis dalam kurun waktu 62 tahun dan batu bara 146 tahun.
Pada perancangan turbin oleh syafrial Hidayat tidak menghitung
dan merancang turbin secara lengkap yaitu tidak ada perhitungan dan
perancangan mengenai butterfly valve yang fungsinya sangat besar
dalam menjaga kesetabilan aliran air. Untuk itu pada hal ini akan
dilakukan perancangan pada komponen tersebut dengan dasar
perhitungan yang sudah dijelaskan pada tugas akhir yang merancang
runner dari turbin tersebut
Desain Valve sesuai dengan
kebutuhan disesuaikan pada data tugas
akhir yang menghitung runner. Dimana
Dimensi terluar dari runner adalah 577
mm. Pada perancangan ini dilakukan
pendekatan dimensi butterfly valve
pada DN600. Hal tersebut bertujuan
karena kebutuhan akan supporting part
banyak tersedia dipasaran untuk DN600
atau 24
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ABSTRAK
Berdasarkan data Blueprint Pengelolaan Energi Nasional 2005-2025 yang
dikeluarkan oleh Kementrian ESDM pada tahun 2006. Menyebutkan bahwa cadangan
minyak bumi di Indonesia pada tahun 2005 diperkirakan akan habis dalam kurun waktu 23
tahun dengan ratio cadangan / produksi pada tahun tersebut, sedangkan gas diperkirakan
akan habis dalam kurun waktu 62 tahun dan batu bara 146 tahun. (Kementrian ESDM,
2006)
Pada perancangan turbin oleh syafrial Hidayat tidak menghitung dan merancang
turbin secara lengkap yaitu tidak ada perhitungan dan perancangan mengenai butterfly valve
yang fungsinya sangat besar dalam menjaga kesetabilan aliran air. Untuk itu pada hal ini
akan dilakukan perancangan pada komponen tersebut dengan dasar perhitungan yang sudah
dijelaskan pada tugas akhir yang merancang runner dari turbin tersebut..
Desain Valve sesuai dengan kebutuhan disesuaikan pada data tugas akhir yang
menghitung runner. Dimana Dimensi terluar dari runner adalah 577 mm. Pada perancangan
ini dilakukan pendekatan dimensi butterfly valve pada DN600. Hal tersebut bertujuan karena
kebutuhan akan supporting part banyak tersedia dipasaran untuk DN600 atau 24”.
Katakunci : Turbin Air, Butterfly Valve.
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ABSTRACT
Based on the National Energy Management Blueprint 2005-2025 released by Ministry
of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) in 2006, it is stated that petroleum reserves in
Indonesia in 2005 is predicted would be run out of the amount in 23 years by ratio reserve /
production at that moment, while gas reserves is predicted would be run out as well in 62
years and coal reserves in 146 years. (Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2006).
Syafrial Hidayat’s turbine design is not calculating the design completely because the
calculation and design of butterfly valve, which takes a significant role in stabilizing the
water stream, is missing. In order to fill the incomplete part, this research is aimed to
contrive the component based on the calculation that has been done in final assignment of
turbine runner planning.
Valve design is adapted from the final assignment of runner calculating where the outer
dimension of the runner is 577 mm. In this research, butterfly valve dimension on DN600 is
employed. It is because the necessity of supporting part available is limited for DN600 or 24.
Key terms: Water turbine, butterfly valve
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DAFTAR ISI
COVER ............................................................................................................................. i
POSTER .......................................................................................................................... ii
LEMBARAN PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI .................................................................... iii
LEMBAR ASISTENSI TUGAS AKHIR ................................................................... iv
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN .......................................................................................... vi
ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................................... vii
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................. xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................... xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 LatarBelakang ............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 RumusanMasalah ........................................................................................................ 2
1.3 TujuanPerancangan ..................................................................................................... 2
1.4 BatasanMasalah .......................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Data – Data Potensi ..................................................................................................... 3
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI
2.1 PengertianPembangkitListrikTenagaMikrohidro ....................................................... 4
2.2 PrinsipKerjaPembangkitListrikTenagaMikrohidro .................................................... 5
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2.3 DesainSistemPembangkitListrikTenagaMikrohidro................................................... 8
2.3.1 LokasiBangunanPenyadap Intake .................................................................... 8
2.3.2 SaluranPembawa ( Head race channel ) ......................................................... 10
2.3.3 BakPengendap ( Settling Basin ) .................................................................... 11
2.3.4 SaluranPelimpah ( Spillway ) ......................................................................... 11
2.3.5 RumahPembangkit ( Power house ) ............................................................... 12
2.3.6 Tail race .......................................................................................................... 13
2.4 Turbin Air ................................................................................................................. 13
2.4.1 PengertianTurbin Air ...................................................................................... 13
2.4.2 FungsiTurbin .................................................................................................. 16
2.4.3 Bagian – Bagian Dari Turbin ......................................................................... 17
2.5 JenisTurbin Air ......................................................................................................... 19
2.6 Butterfly Valve ( Katub Butterfly ) ........................................................................... 24
BAB III METODOLOGI PERANCANGAN
3.1 TinjauanUmum ......................................................................................................... 27
3.2 MetodePengumpulan Data ........................................................................................ 27
3.3 AnalisisMorfologiPada Butterfly Valve ................................................................... 28
3.4 Morfologi Butterfly Valve ........................................................................................ 30
3.5 Langkah – LangkahPerancangan Butterfly Valve .................................................... 32
3.6 BagianPerancangan Butterfly Valve ( flow chat ) .................................................... 33
BAB IV PERHITUNGAN DAN PERANCANGAN
4.1 AnalisaPerancangan .................................................................................................. 34
4.2 Pressure ..................................................................................................................... 34
4.2.1 Internal Pressure............................................................................................... 34
4.2.2 External Pressure ............................................................................................ 35
4.3PerhitunganKekuatan ................................................................................................. 36
4.3.1 Valve Body ...................................................................................................... 36
4.3.2 Perhitungan Flange .......................................................................................... 40
4.3.3 Gasket .............................................................................................................. 41
4.3.4 Bolt ................................................................................................................... 43
4.3.5 Katub ................................................................................................................ 45
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4.3.6 PorosKatub ....................................................................................................... 47
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................................... 49
5.2 Saran ......................................................................................................................... 50
LAMPIRAN
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar2.1 :SkemaPrinsipKerja PLTMH ......................................................................... 6
Gambar2.2 :MekanismeEnergiPotensial Di rubahMenjadiEnergiMekanis ...................... 7
Gambar2.3 : Intake............................................................................................................ 9
Gambar2.4 :SaluranPembawa ......................................................................................... 10
Gambar2.5 :BakPengendap ............................................................................................. 11
Gambar2.6 :SaluranPelimpah ......................................................................................... 12
Gambar2.7 :RumahPembangkit ...................................................................................... 13
Gambar2.8 : Tail Race .................................................................................................... 13
Gambar2.9 :TurbinImpuls............................................................................................... 15
Gambar2.10 :SuduPengarah ........................................................................................... 17
Gambar2.11 : Penstock ................................................................................................... 18
Gambar2.12 :Turbin Kaplan ........................................................................................... 20
Gambar2.13 :PrinsipKerja Kaplan .................................................................................. 23
Gambar2.14 :RodaJalanTurbin Kaplan .......................................................................... 24
Gambar2.15 :Skema Butterfly Valve .............................................................................. 25
Gambar4.1 : Body Valve ................................................................................................ 37
Gambar4.2 : Flange Arangement .................................................................................... 41
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Gambar4.3 :Arah Pressure 1 ........................................................................................... 46
Gambar4.4 :Arah Pressure 2 ........................................................................................... 46
Gambar4.5 :HasilSimulasi .............................................................................................. 46
Gambar4.6 :Permukaan Valve ........................................................................................ 48
Gambar4.7 :SimulasiPoros ............................................................................................. 48
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel2.1 :PengelompokanTurbin Air ............................................................................. 14
Tabel2.2 :Pengelompokanturbinberdasarkanputaranspesifikdan head ........................... 16
Tabel3.1 :TuntutanPerancangan Butterfly Valve ........................................................... 29
Tabel3.2 :Matrix Morfologi Butterfly Valve .................................................................. 30
Table3.3 :Matrix Morfologi ........................................................................................... 31
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
prokum.esdm.go.id/.../Permen-Deperin-4-2009
http://energitakterbatas.blogspot.com/2013/03/pembangkit-listrik-tenaga-mikro-hidro.html
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energi_potensial
Alfiah, Taty, MT. 2009. Partikulat Matter. Diakses tanggal 28 Januari 2011.
http://tatyalfiah.files.wordpress.com /2009/10/pu-bab-2-b.pdf.
http://www.hydropowerinternational.com/images/640/0/6-im-channel-and-forbay.jpg
http://ridomanik.blogspot.com/2013/06/perancangan-mikro-hidro.html
wibowo, paryatno. 2007 Turbin Air
http://cink-hydro-energy.com/id/pembangkit-listrik-tenaga-air
http://www.iwr.de/wasser/bilder/technik/kaplan1.jpg
http://www.hydrohrom.cz/Obr/photo/029.jpg
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