pengantar neurologi
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PENGANTAR NEUROLOGIDr FUAD HANIF SpS M.KESSMF NEUROLOGI RSUD BANJAR
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BATASANNEUROLOGI ADALAH ILMU YANG MEMPELAJARI TENTANG PERSARAFAN, BAIK YANGFISIOLOGIS MAUPUN PATOLOGIS.
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SKEMA PEMERIKSAAN PENYAKIT SARAFSKEMAANAMNESAPEMERIKSAAN FISIK
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANGGEJALA TUMPANG TINDIHDIAGNOSA KLINISDIAGNOSA LOKALISASIDIAGNOSA ETIOLOGIDIAGNOSA BANDING
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CARA PEMERIKSAANSSP (SUSUNAN SARAF PUSAT)TERLETAK DIDALAM TULANG SEHINGGA TIDAK DAPAT DI INSPEKSI, PALPASI, DAN AUKULTASI SECARA LANGSUNG, MELAINKAN DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN KHUSUS (TEKNIK STIMULUS RESPONS)
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URUTAN PEMERIKSAANANAMNESAALLO-ANAMNESAHETERO-ANAMNESA
PEMERIKSAAN FISIKSTATUS PRAESENSI : vital signSTATUS INTERNA
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ETIOLOGY IN NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS :
TRAUMA : HEAD / SPINE TRAUMAVASCULAR : STROKEINFECTION : ENCEPHALITIS, MENINGITISTUMOURDEGENRATIVE PROCESS : PARKINSON, DEMENTIAIDIOPATHIC : EPILEPSY
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STATUS NEUROLOGIRANGSANG MENINGEALSARAF OTAKPEMERIKSAAN MOTORIKPEMERIKSAAN SENSORIKPEMERIKSAAN REFLEKSPEMERIKSAAN KOORDINASIPEMERIKSAAN FUNGSI LUHUR
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ANAMNESAKELUHAN UTAMARIWAYAT PENYAKIT SEKARANGRIWAYAT PENYAKIT DAHULU
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PEMERIKSAAN FISIKKESADARANTEKANAN DARAHNADIRESPIRASITEMPERATUR
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PEMERIKSAAN NEUROLOGISDIPERIKSA RANGSANGAN MENINGEALPEMERIKSAAN MELIPUTI :TANDA KAKU KUDUKTANDA KERNIGTANDA LASEQUETANDA BRUDZINSKI
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PEMERIKSAAN SARAF OTAKSARAF YANG DIPERIKSANERVUS I (OLFAKTORIUS)NERVUS II (OPTIKUS)NERVUS III, IV, VINERVUS V (TRIGEMINUS)NERVUS VII (FASIALIS)NERVUS VIII (VESTIBULOCOCHLEARIS)NERVUS IX (GLOSSOFARINGEUS)NERVUS X (VAGUS)NERVUS XI (ASESORIUS)NERVUS XII (HIPOGLOSUS)
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Cranial Nerves
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Nuclei of Cranial Nerves
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Motoric Cranial Nerves Nuclei
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Sensoric Cranial Nerves Nuclei
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CN V (TRIGEMINAL) SENSATION OF FACE, OPEN/CLOSE JAW, MASTICATION, CORNEAL REFLEX)
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CN VII (FACIAL) FACIAL MOVEMENT AND EXPRESSION, TASTE OF ANTERIOR TWO THIRD OF TONGUE, BLINKING REFLEX
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Central 7th palsyPeripheral 7th palsy
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CN VIII (VESTIBULO-COCHLEAR) BALANCINGSENSE OF HEARING
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CN IX (GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL) AND CN X (VAGUS)
ELEVATION OF PALATE/UVULA, GAG REFLEX
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CN XI (SPINAL ACCESSORY) HEAD MOVEMENT, SHOULDER SHRUG/ELEVATIONCN XII TONGUE MOVEMENT
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MOTOR SYSTEM
MUSCLE BULKMUSCLE TONUSMUSCLE POWER/STRENGTHFASCICULATION
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SENSORY SYSTEM
SUPERFICIAL SENSORY MODALITIES : PAIN PERCEPTION, TEMPERATURE DISCRIMINATION, LIGHT TOUCH
DEEP SENSORY MODALITIES : VIBRATION SENSE, POSITION SENSE
CORTICAL FUNCTION : TWO-POINT DISCRIMINATION (EXTINCTION), STEREOGNOSIS
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REFLEXES
PHYSIOLOGIC REFLEX [MUSCLE STRETCH (DEEP) REFLEX] : BICEPS, TRICEPS, BRACHIORADIAL, KNEE JERK (KPR), ANKLE JERK (APR)
SUPERFICIAL REFLEX : ABDOMINAL SKIN REFLEX, CRESMATERIC, ANAL, BULBOCAVERNOUS
PATOLOGIC REFLEX : BABINSKI, CHADDOCK, HOFFMANN TROMMER, REGRESSION
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SUBSPECIALTIES IN NEUROLOGY
NEUROPEDIATRIC OR DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROLOGYNEURO-RADIOLOGYNEURO-PHYSIOLOGYNEURO-PSYCHOLOGYNEURO-ANATOMYNEURO-REHABILITATIONCEREBRO-VASCULAR DISEASE (CVD)CNS INFECTIONEPILEPSYPERIPHERAL NERVENEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY
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SIGN AND SYMPTOMS IN NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES
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Due to location HemisphereCentral Nerves System Medulla spinalisCerebralCerebellumBrain sectionCervicalThoracalLumbosacral NucleusPeripheral nerves system Ganglion Nerve root
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SYMPTOMS & SIGNS
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Cardinal symptomsGeneral cerebral disordersHigh intracranial pressureIntoxicationMetabolic disordersFocal cerebral disordersDisturbances of ARAS / brain stemConsciousness
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Causes of decreased LOC Intra-cranialExtra-cranialDiffuseMeningitis, EncephalitisFocal Stroke, Tumour, AbscessHeparRenalLungsDiabetesIntoxicationLumbal punctureCT-ScanLaboratory
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Cardinal symptomsMeningeal irritation : - Infection- Haemorrhage- Radix irritation
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Motor dysfunction : - centralCerebral : hemiparese, hemiplegy- Vascular- Infection- SOL- Degenerative processMedullar : segmental paralyticUpper motor / centralHypertonic / spasticHyperreflexiaPathological reflex
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- PeriferCranial nerveSegmental :- Myotomal- Radiculopathy- NeuropathyLower motor :Hypotonic / flacidHypo / areflexia
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Sensoric dysfunction : ExteroceptivePainTemperatureTouchProprioceptiveVibrationDeep painPositionCerebralCorticalThalamicMedullarRadicularOrganic
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Autonomic :SymphaticParasymphaticRegulation of blood pressure, respiration, micturation, bowel habit, sweating
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Equilibrium :Central :CerebellumPosterior medulla spinalisPeripheral :Vestibular
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Higher Cortical Dysfunction :Cognitive dysfunction NeurobehaviourMemoryImmediateRecentLong term memoryLanguageVerbalNon verbalDyslexiaDysgraphiaOrientationTimePlacePerson
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PraxisCalculationInsightExecutive functionVisuospatialEmotion
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Higher Cortical Dysfunction :Degenerative DementiaVascular StrokeSOL Intracranial tumorNeurotransmitter Psychiatric disorder
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Symptoms :Memory problemExecutive dysfunctionLanguage dysfunction, aphasiaDisorientationDisinhibitionBehaviour disturbancesDispraxia
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