pencarian literatur

Mencari dan Mengkaji LiteraturAri Probandari, dr, MPH, PhD

Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatFakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta

Gambar diambil dari: http://vcuhvlibrary.uhv.edu

Tujuan Pembelajaran

• Menjelaskan relevansi pencarian literatur dan budaya ilmiah

• Menjelaskan teknik-teknik pencarian literatur ilmiah

Apakah Budaya Ilmiah itu?http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/socialsideofscience_05

• In science, all ideas (especially the important ones!) must stand up to rigorous scrutiny. The culture of science does not value dogma. Scrutinizing, questioning, and investigating important ideas helps ensure that only ideas supported by evidence and based on sound reasoning are accepted by the community.

• The aim of science is to uncover the real workings of the natural world, and that requires honesty. You can't get to the truth by exaggerating results, fudging numbers, selectively reporting data, or interpreting evidence in a biased way.

• Science, on the other hand, is scrupulous about giving credit where credit is due. Scientific research articles always provide a list of citations, crediting other scientists for ideas, techniques, and studies that were built upon by the current research.

• Science is flexible and open to new ideas, but it is not an anarchic free-for-all. Many laws apply to science, and in many cases, scientists have constructed their own even more stringent guidelines in order to ensure that scientific work is of high quality, is performed in ethical ways, and benefits society.

Why review literature?

• Prevents you from duplicating work that has been done already

• Find out what others have learned and reported, in order to refine problem statement

• Familiarize with various relevant research approaches• Provide convincing arguments why your particular study is

needed

Varkevisser CM, Pathmanathan I, Brownlee A. (2003). Designing and Conducting Health Systems Research Projects. KIT Publishers, Amsterdam International Development Research Centre. pp 68.

Literatures sources• Articles (journals, magazine, newspaper)• Books• Grey literatures

– Conference proceedings and presentations– Reports– Dissertation/thesis

• Websites• Personal communication

How to review literature?

Defining ‘search

questions’Searching Skimming

AppraisingIndexingSynthesizing

Presenting

Defining ‘the search-questions’

• What are determinants to treatment compliance of TB patients?

• Are there other studies on the use of mobile phones in improving treatment compliance of TB patients?

• What are the causes of MDR-TB?

Searching literature

http://scholar.google.co.id/

http://google.co.id/

Searching literature

Skimming literature

• Publication type – Peer-review:• Original article

– IMRaD structure– Study type: e.g. intervention studies

• Review• Policy and practice

• Date• Language

Appraising literature

Does the literature address your ‘search question’?

Does the literature contain trustable important aspects?

Indexing literatures

• Author(s)’ Surname followed by initials. Title of article. Name of Journal, Volume (number): page numbers of article - key words

• A summary of contents/abstracts• A brief analysis of the content, with comments such as:

– Appropriateness of the methodology– Weakness– Important aspects of the study– How information from the study can be used in your research

Varkevisser CM, Pathmanathan I, Brownlee A. (2003). Designing and Conducting Health Systems Research Projects. KIT Publishers, Amsterdam International Development Research Centre. pp 68.

Searching and Indexing

Indexing

Indexing

Synthesizing and presenting

• Write a coherent discussion in your own words, using all relevant literature linked to each other.

• Write in a referencing system (Harvard/Vancouver) – use a bibliography software when possible.

Varkevisser CM, Pathmanathan I, Brownlee A. (2003). Designing and Conducting Health Systems Research Projects. KIT Publishers, Amsterdam International Development Research Centre. pp 68.

Example

Evaluations among various PPM DOTS pilot projects in many high-TB-burden countries showed that the PPM DOTS approach was feasible to scale-up (WHO 2003a; WHO, 2004a) because it gave high treatment success and case notification (Newell et al., 2004; Kumar et al., 2005; Dewan et al., 2006). Moreover, the PPM DOTS involving private practitioners has been shown to be cost-effective (WHO, 2004b, Floyd et al., 2006) and improve equity in access (Lönnroth et al., 2007).

Probandari A. (2010). Revisiting the choice to involve hospitals in the partnership for tuberculosis control. Umea University Sweden. Dissertation.