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BY:
Cahidin Prasetio
09339294
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Learning Objectives
At the endofthis chapteryouare expected to beable to:
1. Define motion.
2. Mention the types ofmotion.
3. Explain the meaningofpath, speed, velocity, andacceleration.
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Motion in Physics is relative, meaning it
depends on the reference point we used. Anobject is consideredmoving when its position
toa reference point always changes.
Define of Motion
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Distance and Displacement
Distance is the total length of travel irrespective of
the direction of motion. It is a scalar quantity.
Displacementis distance moved in the particular
direction. Displacement is a vector quantity.
Suppose that anant moves infigure. Initially it stays
at B, thenmoves straight to A. Lateron it turns to O
and stops.Determine (a) the distance, and (b) the
displacement of the ant.
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Answer
(a).Distance is the total length of travel irrespectiveof the direction of motion. Hence, the distancetaken by the ant from B to A the to O is thelength of BA added by the length ofAO,
d= BA + AO = 5 cm +2 cm = 7 cm
(b).Displacement only depends on the initial and finalposition. Thus, in this case, we only need theinitial position position, which is Xb = +3 cm, andthe final position, which is X0 = 0 cm. The
displacement is XB-A-O = X0 Xb = 0 cm 3 cm = -3 cm.
Thus, the displacement of the ant is 3 cm to theleft.
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Speed and Velocity
Average Speed andAverage Velocity
Average speed is the r atio between distance and
the time interval needed to get the distance..
where:
v: average speed (m/s)
d: total distance travelled (m)
t :total time taken (s)
t
dV !
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Speed and Velocity
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Average VelocityAverage velocity is definedas the ratio between
displacement and the total time taken
Where:
v:Average Velocity (m/s)
s: displacement (m)
t : total time taken (s)
t
X
tt
XXVaverage
(
(!
!
12
12
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Example
An object move straight to the right and takes a distance of 50
m in 12 s. Then it turns to the opposite direction and travels a
distance of 10 m on the same path in 3 s.
What i s (a) the average speed (b) the average velocity?
Answer
(a). The total distance tr avelled is 50 m +10 m = 60 m, and the
total time taken is 12 s + 3 s = 15 s.
Thus, its average speed is (60 m)/(15 s) = 4 m/s.
(b). To calculate its average velocity, first we calculate itsdisplacement;
x = x2 - x1 = (+50 m) + (-10 m) = + 40 m
thus, v = x / t = (+40 m)/(15 s) = +2,7 m/s.
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Next week
1. Acceleration
2. LinierMotion with Constant velocity
3. Liniermotion with constant acceleration
4. Circularmotion
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