layer fisik

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Physical Layer 

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LAYER FISIK

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LAYER FISIK

TERKAIT LAYER FISIK:1.SINKRONISASI2.PHYSICAL ENCODING : NRI! NR! "ANCHESTER! A"I

#.GANGG$AN LAYER FISIK

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"ODE TRANS"ISI

"%&e Tra's(isi (er)*a+a' cara s)a,) &a,a &i+iri(+a':

-Paralel

-Serial

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"ODE TRANS"ISI

Mode transfer paralel: ,ia* /i,&ala( se/)ah 0%r& &i+iri(+a'(elal)i +a0a, ya' /er/e&a

Mode serial: ,ia* /i,&i,ra's(isi+a' sa,) *ersa,) &ala(sela' 0a+,) ,er,e',)

Ke,i+a &a,a &i,ra's(isi+a' a',ara2 *era'+a,! a&a # (%&e %*erasiya' &a*a, &i)'a+a':  Simplex  &i)'a+a' a*a/ila

&a,a &i+iri(+a' ha'ya 1 arah  Half-duplex  &i)'a+a'

a*a/ila 2 &e3ice i'i'(e(*er,)+ar+a' i'4%r(asi5&a,a6 secara /era',ia'

  Duplex  &ise/), 7)a 4)ll-&)*le8 &a' &i)'a+a' a*a/ila&a,a &i*er,)+ar+a' a',ara 2&e3ice *a&a +e&)a arahsecara si()l,a'

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SINKRONISASIPa&a ,ra's(isi &a,a &ila*is 4isi+! selai' (%&)lasi

&i*erl)+a' +e(a(*)a' )',)+ si'+r%'isasi! yai,),e+'i+ (e'&a*a,+a' /i, &is)a,) si'yal ya'(eli/a,+a' (asalah 0a+,) *e'a(/ila' sa(*el &arisi'yal! 4%r(a, s)a,) +ara+,er &a' 4%r(a, *a+e,.

Ter&a*a, # 7e'is ,e+'i+ si'+r%'isasi &a,a  Asy'chr%'%)s

Sy'chr%'%)s Is%chr%'%)s

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 APA IT$ 999

Pendahuluan Sinronisasi  a&alah s)a,) *r%ses(e'yere(*a++a' 5(e'yi'+r%'+a'6clock   ya' /er%*erasi *a&a se()a*era'+a, ,ele+%()'i+asi.

!u"uan sinronisasi *a&a 7ari'a'&ii,al a&alah se/aai )saha )',)+

(e(*er+ecil slip  ,er+e'&ali(controlled slip)  *a&a 7ari'a'!sehi'a &era&asi +are'a la7) slip &a*a, &i7aa *a&a ,i'+a, ya'&a*a, &i,eri(a 5Re+%(e'&asi IT$-TG.226.

Masud dasar sinronisasi &ala(

 7ari'a' ,ele+%()'i+asi a&alah)',)+ (e(as,i+a' /ah0a s)a,),ra4i+ ya' (as)+ +e 7ari'a'&isa(*ai+a' +e ,)7)a' &e'a'&era&asi ya' (i'i()(.

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"ODE ASINKRON

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"ODE ASINKRON

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Prinsip #perasi

Asinron

Rangkaian di dalam tiap DTE yang merupakan antarmuka antaraperangkat dan link serial, harus melakukan fungsi berikut:

  Konversi paralel ke serial untuk tiap karakter atau bytesebagai persiapan transmisi pada link data

  Konversi serial ke paralel untuk tiap karakter yang diterima,

sebagai persiapan penyimpanan dan pemrosesan dalam DTE  Sinkronisasi bit, karakter, dan frame

  Pembangkitan bit untuk mengecek kesalahan

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"ODESINKRON

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M#DE SI$KR#$  Alira' /i, &i+%&e+a' &e'a' cara ,er,e',) se&e(i+ia' sehi'a *e'eri(a &a*a,

(e'7aa si'+r%'isasi Se()a 4ra(e &i&ah)l)i %leh /e/era*a /y,e a,a) +ara+,er ya' /er4)'si )',)+

(e'7aa +ea'&ala' i',er*re,asi /a,as a',ar +ara+,er  Isi 4ra(e &ie'+a*s)lasi &i a',ara se*asa' +ara+,er )',)+ si'+r%'isasi 4ra(e Pa&a ,ra's(isi si'+r%'! ,ia* 4ra(e &i&ah)l)i %leh 2 a,a) le/ih /y,e 5+ara+,er6

sy'c Har)s &i*as,i+a' /ah0a +ara+,er 5/y,e6 s,ar, %4 4ra(e &a' e'& %4 4ra(e /ersi4a,

)'i+! a,a) ,i&a+ &i,e()+a' &ala( isi 4ra(e ya' se&a' &i+iri(

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M#DE IS#KR#$

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SINKRONISASI

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SINKRONISASI ;IT

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SINKRONISASI ;IT

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SINKRONISASI ;IT

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M#DE SI$KR#$ %ER#RIE$!ASI %I!

< 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 < 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 < 1 1 1 1 1 1 < . . . . . . . . . . . . < 1 1 1 1 1 1 < < 1 1 1 1 1 1

F L A G F L A G& a , a

e r % / i ,

i ' s e r , i % '

e r % / i ,

& e l e , i % '

P I S O S I P OT 8 C R 8 C

< 1 1 1 1 1 1 < 1 1 < 1 1 < < 1 1 1 1 1 < 1 1 < 1 1 1 1 1 < < . . . 1 1 < 1 1 1 1 1 1 <

F l a F l a D A T A

e r % / i , i ' s e r , i % '

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SI$KR#$ISASI KARAK!ER

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SI$KR#$ISASI KARAK!ER

  & ' ( ) * + , . / A % 0 D E F

&x N$L SOH ST= ET= EOT EN> ACK ;EL ;S TA; LF ?T FF CR SO SI

'x DLE DC1 DC2 DC# DC@ NAK SYN ET; CAN E" S$; ESC FS GS RS $S

(xs*ace

  B 5 6 ! - . J

)x < 1 2 # @ M : Q 9

*x A ; C D E F G H I K L " N O

+x P > R S T $ ? U = Y V W X Z

,x [ a / c & e 4 h i 7 + l ( ' %

x * \ r s , ) 3 0 8 y ] ^ _ ` DEL

16 00 00 00 02 52 4A 47 48 4B 4C 53 …..45 03 00

00 00 16 16

SYN !" !" !" ST# R $ % & K " ' ( & K " S $ & ) ! ( ! * ' E ET# !"!" !" SYN SYN

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SI$KR#$ISASI KARAK!ER

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SINKRONISASI KARAKTER

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SI$KR#$ISASI FRAME

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SI$KR#$ISASI FRAME

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SINKRONISASI

FRA"E i+a *esa' ,er&iri &ari/e/era*a +ara+,er 54ra(ei'4%r(asi6! (a+a selai'(ela+)+a' si'+r%'isasi/i, &a' +ara+,er! *e'eri(a

 7)a har)s /isa(e'e',)+a' a0al &a'a+hir ,ia* 4ra(e.

Kara+,er +%',r%l ya'&i)'a+a' )',)+

si'+r%'isasi 4ra(e: ST=!ET=! &a' DLE

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Ga')a' Pa&a Tra's(isi Da,a

Dera) 5N%ise6

ISI I',er Sy(/%l I',er4ere'ce

Dis,%rsi

Delay *r%*aasi

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DERA$

Dera) &i/ai (e'7a&i @ +a,e%ri :

Dera) s)h) 50hi,e '%ise6

  N Q +T;

  N QKera*a,a' +e+)a,a' &era) 5Ua,,6

+ Q +%'s,a',a ;%l,](a' Q 1.#<# 8 1<5-2#6 JK+

T Q Te(*era,)r 5K 6+

; Q ;a'&0i&,h 5H]6

Dala( &eci/ell-Ua,, :

N Q -22.&;U 1< l% T 1< l% ; E8 : Se/)ah recei3er &e'a' ,e(*era,)r &era) e4e+,i4 se/esar 1<< &a'+

;U 1<"H]. Ti'+a, &era) *a&a %),*), recei3er a&alah:

NQ -22.&;U 1< l% 1<²1< l%1< Q -1#. &;U

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Dera) i',er(%&)lasi /ila si'yal-si'yal&e'a' 4re+)e'si /e&a (e')'a+a' (e&ia

,ra's(isi ya' sa(a.Cr%ss,al+  ,er7a&i a+i/a, +%*li' a',ar &)a 7al)r si'yal ya' ,i&a+ &ii'i'+a'

Dera) i(*)ls ,i&a+ /era,)ra'! ,er*),)s'ya

/)'yi *a&a &)rasi *e'&e+.

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ISI

Ter7a&i i',er4ere'si a',ara si(/%l-si(/%lya' /er&e+a,a' 5a&7ace',6

Ter7a&i +are'a a&a'ya ()l,i*a,h*r%*aa,i%' &a' +e,er/a,asa' ;U

Da*a, &ia,asi &e'a' : (e(*erla(/a,

*e'iri(a' si(/%l! (e(*er/esar 7ara+a',ar si(/%l &a' &e'a' *)lse sha*i'

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DISTORSI Caca, ya' &iala(i si'yal saa, &i,a's(isi+a' "aca(-(aca( &is,%rsi :

Dis,%rsi a+i/a, re&a(a'

Dis,%rsi Fasa 5&is,%rsi &elay6

 i+a *eresera' 4asa,er7a&i *a&a sel)r)h 4re+)e'si ya' ,er+a'&)' *a&asi'yal +%()'i+asi! (a+a si'yal %),*), a+a' sa(a&e'a' si'yal i'*),

  Se/ali+'ya a*a/ila *eresera' 4asa ,i&a+ li'ier

&e'a' 4re+)e'si (a+a si'yal %),*), a+a' ,er&is,%rsi Dis,%rsi a+i/a, N%ise

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K%(*resi

L%ssless ,e+'i+ +%(*resi ya' hasil'ya /isa &i+e(/ali+a' ),)h 5b1<<6

se*er,i asli'ya ,e+'i+ )()( a&alah +%relasi &a' &e*e'&e'si a',ar &a,a 5s,a,is,i+6Rasi% +%(*resi )()('ya rela,i4 +ecil 51:2 s& 1:1<6 &e(i (e'e7ar

+ece*a,a' +%(*resi &a' &e+%(*resiDi)'a+a' )',)+ +%(*resi &a,a 5,e8, &a' /i'ary6

L%ssyTe+'i+ +%(*resi ya' a+a' (e')r)'+a'J(e'hila'+a' +)ali,as

&a,a 5hasil &e+%(*resi 1<<6Te+'i+ )()( (e')'a+a' al%ri,(a DSPRasi% +%(*resi /esar Di)'a+a' )',)+ a(/ar! s)ara! &a' 3i&e%

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K%(*resi l%ssless

S)/,i,)si : ya' Q ! &a' Q ! +a' Q !+i,a

Ses)a,) ya' +i,a i'i'+a' &a' ya' +i,a&a(/a+a' ses)a,) @ ^ ingin& % @ ^

damba&  5s(s c%&i'6

S,a,is,i+ H)44(a'

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Langkah Pengkodean Huffman 

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Contoh Pengkodean Huffman

A = 00, M = 11, N = 011, I = 100, S = 0101 ,Y= 01000, G = 01001, K = 1010, L= 1011

SAYA INGIN MAKAN MALAM =0101000100000100011010011000111100101000011110010110011

saya i'i' (a+a' (ala(

 A A A A A A M 11 &

"# "# "# "# @ A & M '

N2 N2 N2 # "# @ & '

I2 I2 I2 N2 # & "# '

S 2 2 I2 & N2 '

Y S 2 & 2 '

G Y & S '

K & G '

L '

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E',r%*i

Nilai ya' (e'ya,a+a' +e*a&a,a' s)a,) +%(*resi! a,a)+e*a&a,a' i'4%r(asi

Nilai ra,a-ra,a /i,J+ara+,er 

"isal ADAAPA A Q 1 DQ<1 PQ<<

E',r%*i Q ^5@816 51826 51826`J

  Q J

Q 1.## Nilai E',r%*i 1

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SELA"AT ;ELAAR