v

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

LEMBAR JUDUL ............................................................................................ i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. ii

KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... iii

DAFTAR ISI ........... .......................................................................................... v

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................ viii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR SINGKATAN .................................................................................. x

ABSTRAK ................... ..................................................................................... xi

ABSTRACT ................... .................................................................................... xii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................. 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................ 2

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................... 2

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ...................................................................... 2

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus ..................................................................... 3

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................... 3

1.4.1 Aspek Teoritis ..................................................................... 3

1.4.2 Aspek Praktis ....................................................................... 3

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................... 4

2.1 Osteoartritis ................................................................................. 4

2.1.1 Definisi ................................................................................ 4

2.1.2 Etiologi ................................................................................ 4

2.1.3 Epidemiologi ...................................................................... 4

2.1.4 Patogenesis .......................................................................... 4

2.1.5 Faktor Resiko ...................................................................... 5

2.1.6 Gambaran Klinis .................................................................. 6

2.1.7 Diagnosis ............................................................................. 6

2.1.8 Penatalaksanaan .................................................................. 7

2.1.9 Komplikasi .......................................................................... 8

2.1.10 Prognosis .......................................................................... 8

2.2 Obat Anti-Inflamasi Nonsteroid .................................................. 8

2.2.1 Mekanisme Kerja ................................................................. 9

2.2.2 Efek Farmakodinamik ......................................................... 10

2.2.3 Efek Samping ..................................................................... 11

2.2.4 Klasifikasi ............................................................................ 11

2.3 Dispepsia ..................................................................................... 18

2.3.1 Definisi ................................................................................ 18

2.3.2 Etiologi ................................................................................ 18

2.3.3 Epidemiologi ...................................................................... 19

2.3.4 Klasifikasi ............................................................................ 19

2.3.5 Faktor Resiko ...................................................................... 21

2.3.6 Gambaran Klinis .................................................................. 22

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2.3.7 Diagnosis ............................................................................. 22

2.3.8 Penatalaksanaan .................................................................. 23

2.3.9 Prognosis ............................................................................ 24

2.4 Penggunaan Obat Anti-Inflamasi Nonsteroid Oral dan Timbulnya

Dispepsia Pada Penderita Osteoartritis ........................................ 24

2.5 Kerangka Teori ............................................................................ 26

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................. 27

3.1 Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian ................................................... 27

3.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ...................................................... 27

3.3 Populasi dan Sampel .................................................................... 27

3.3.1 Populasi .............................................................................. 27

3.3.2 Sampel ................................................................................. 27

3.3.3 Teknik Sampling ................................................................. 28

3.3.4 Besar Sampel ....................................................................... 28

3.4 Variabel Penelitian dan Definisi Operasional ............................. 28

3.4.1 Variabel Penelitian ............................................................. 28

3.4.2 Definisi Operasional ........................................................... 29

3.5 Kerangka Konsep ........................................................................ 30

3.6 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ............................................................ 30

3.7 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................... 30

3.7.1 Data Primer ......................................................................... 30

3.7.2 Data Sekunder ..................................................................... 30

3.8 Prosedur Penelitian ........................................................................ 30

3.9 Analisis Data Penelitian ................................................................ 31

3.10 Alur Penelitian ............................................................................ 32

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ......................................................... 33

4.1 Hasil Penelitian ........................................................................... 33

4.1.1 Karakteristik Umum Subjek Penelitian .............................. 33

4.1.2 Gambaran Penggunaan Jenis Obat Anti-Inflamasi

Nonsteroid Oral Pada Penderita Osteoartritis ..................... 34

4.1.3 Gambaran Penggunaan Jenis Obat Anti-Inflamasi

Nonsteroid dan Timbulnya Dispepsia ................................. 34

4.1.4 Gambaran Dispepsia Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin dan

Umur ................................................................................... 36

4.1.5 Gambaran Keluhan Dispepsia ............................................ 37

4.2 Pembahasan .................................................................................. 38

4.3 Keterbatasan Penelitian ................................................................ 41

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................... 42

5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................... 42

5.2 Saran ............................................................................................. 42

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 44

LAMPIRAN .... ................................................................................................. 49

vii

DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman

Tabel 3.1 Definisi Operasional Variabel Penggunaan OAINS .......................... 29

Tabel 3.2 Definisi Operasional Variabel Dispepsia ........................................... 29

Tabel 4.1 Karakteristik Umum Subjek Penelitian............................................... 33

Tabel 4.2 Gambaran Jenis Obat Anti-Inflamasi Nonsteroid Oral Pada

Penderita Osteoartritis ....................................................................... 34

Tabel 4.3 Gambaran Dispepsia Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin dan Umur ............. 37

Tabel 4.4 Gambaran Keluhan Dispepsia ............................................................ 38

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman

Gambar 2.1 Kerangka Teori ............................................................................... 26

Gambar 3.1 Kerangka Konsep ........................................................................... 30

Gambar 3.2 Alur Penelitian ................................................................................ 32

Gambar 4.1 Grafik Gambaran Dispepsia ........................................................... 35

Gambar 4.2 Grafik Penggunaan Jenis OAINS Oral dan Timbulnya

Dispepsia ........................................................................................ 36

ix

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Halaman

Lampiran 1. Perencanaan Jadwal Pelaksanaan Penelitian ................................. 49

Lampiran 2. Informed Consent ........................................................................... 50

Lampiran 3. Lembar Persetujuan Menjadi Responden ...................................... 51

Lampiran 4. Kuesioner Penelitian ...................................................................... 52

Lampiran 5. Tabel Master Penelitian ................................................................. 53

Lampiran 6. Surat Izin Penelitian........................................................................ 56

Lampiran 7. Surat Selesai Penelitian .................................................................. 57

Lampiran 8. Riwayat Hidup Peneliti ................................................................... 58

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DAFTAR SINGKATAN

COX : Siklooksigenase

COX-1 : Siklooksigenase-1

COX-2 : Siklooksigenase-2

IL-1 : Interleukin-1

OA : Osteoartritis

OAINS : Obat Anti-inflamasi Nonsteroid

PG : Prostaglandin

PGD2 : Prostaglandin D2

PGE2 : Prostaglandin E2

PGF2 : Prostaglandin F2

PGG2 : Prostaglandin G2

PGH2 : Prostaglandin H2

PGI2 : Prostaglandin I2

RSUD : Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah

TGF-β : Transforming Growth Factor- β

TNF-α : Tumor Necrosis Factor- α

TXA2 : Tromboxan A2