vi

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ....................................................................................... i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................ ii

SURAT PERNYATAAN.............................................................................. iii

PRAKATA .................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................. vi

DAFTAR SINGKATAN .............................................................................. ix

DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... x

DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................ xii

INTISARI .................................................................................................... xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................. 1

1.1. Latar Belakang ..................................................................... 1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah ................................................................ 3

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................. 3

1.3.1. Tujuan Umum .......................................................... 3

1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus .......................................................... 4

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................... 4

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................... 5

2.1. Demensia Usia Dini ............................................................. 5

2.1.1. Definisi Demensia .................................................... 5

2.1.2. Macam-macam Demensia ........................................ 9

vii

2.1.3. Gambaran Klinis Perubahan Psikiatrik dan

Nurologis ................................................................ 13

2.1.4. Penyebab Demensia ............................................... 17

2.1.5. Faktor Risiko Demensia ......................................... 22

2.2. Hipertensi ........................................................................... 36

2.2.1. Definisi Hipertensi ................................................. 36

2.2.3. Faktor Risiko .......................................................... 37

2.2.4. Klasifikasi Hipertensi ............................................. 38

2.3. Kerangka Teori................................................................... 43

2.4. Kerangka Konsep ............................................................... 44

2.5. Hipotesis ............................................................................. 44

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN............................................................... 45

3.1. Jenis Rancangan Penelitian ................................................ 45

3.2. Variabel dan Definisi Operasional ..................................... 45

3.2.1. Variabel .................................................................. 45

3.2.2. Definisi Operasional ............................................... 45

3.3. Subjek Penelitian ................................................................ 46

3.3.1. Populasi .................................................................. 46

3.3.2. Sampel .................................................................... 46

3.4. Instrumen Penelitian........................................................... 47

3.5. Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ............................................ 48

3.6. Analisis Hasil ..................................................................... 48

3.7. Alur Kerja........................................................................... 48

viii

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................... 49

4.1 Hasil Penelitian .................................................................. 49

4.2. Pembahasan ........................................................................ 51

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................... 54

5.1. Kesimpulan ........................................................................... 54

5.2. Saran ................................................................................... 54

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................. 55

LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................. 58

ix

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

ADH : Anti Diuretik Hormon

AIDS : Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome

APOE ε4 : Alel Apolipoprotein Eε4

BAB : Buang Air Besar

BAK : Buang Air Kecil

CIND : Cognitive Impairment No Dementia

DSM : diagnostik and statiktikal manual of mental disorders

HIV : Human Immunodeficiency Virus

ICD : International Classification of Diseases

Kemenkes : Kementrian Kesehatan

MMSE : The Mini Mental State Exam

MRI : magnetic resonance imaging

PPDGJ : Pedoman penggolongan dan diagnosis gangguan jiwa

PS2 : Presenilin 2

RSI : Rumah Sakit Islam

RSUD : Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah

TIA : Transient Ischemic Attack

WHIMS : Woman’s Health Initiative Memory Study

WHO : World Health Organization

x

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Klasifikasi Tekanan Darah Menurut JNC VII ................................ 38

Tabel 2.2. Komplikasi Hipertensi .................................................................... 40

Tabel 4. 1 Distribusi frekuensi hipertensi dan demensia dini ............................... 49

Tabel 4. 2 Analisis hubungan hipertensi dengan demensia usia dini .................... 50

xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Kerangka Teori ................................................................................. 43

Gambar 2.2. Kerangka Konsep ............................................................................. 44

xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Surat Ijin Penelitian ........................................................................ 58

Lampiran 2. Surat Keterangan Selesai Penelitian ............................................... 59

Lampiran 3 Ethical Clearance ........................................................................... 60

Lampiran 4. Lembar Informasi Tertulis Kepada Responden .............................. 61

Lampiran 5. Lembar Informed Consent .............................................................. 62

Lampiran 6. Kuesioner MMSE ........................................................................... 63

Lampiran 7. Lampiran Data Penelitian ............................................................... 64

Lampiran 8. Hasil analisis distribusi frekuensi pasien hipertensi dan kejadian

demensia usia dini .......................................................................... 66

Lampiran 9. Hasil analisis hubungan hipertensi dan kejadian demensia usia

dini .................................................................................................. 67

Lampiran 10. Dokumentasi Penelitian ................................................................... 69