[3] silabus smp mtk.doc

7/23/2019 [3] SILABUS SMP MTK.doc

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I. P5N678L86NL*t*r 9l*k*n/8nd*n/-8nd*n/ Nomor ; *=n ;3 tnt*n/ @tmPnddk*n N*@on*l 9*b IA P*@*l B mnC*t*k*n b** Pmrnt* d*n Pmrnt**r* br*k mn/*r*k*nD mmbmbn/D d*n mn/**@ pnCln//*r**n pnddk*n@@=* dn/*n pr*t=r*n pr=nd*n/-=nd*n/*n C*n/ brl*k=. l*nj=tnC*D P*@*l BB 6C*tEBF j=/* mnC*t*k*n b** Pmrnt* d*n Pmrnt* *r* *jb mmbrk*n l*C*n*nd*n km=d**nD @rt* mnj*mn tr@ln//*r*nC* pnddk*n C*n/ brm=t= b*/ @t*p*r/* n/*r* t*np* d@krmn*@. n/*n l*rnC* 8nd*n/-8nd*n/ Nomor 3; *=n ;1tnt*n/ Pmrnt**n *r*D n*n/ Pmrnt* *r* d*l*m pnCln//*r**n

pnddk*n d d*r* mnj*d @m*kn b@*r. L*rnC* kd=* =nd*n/-=nd*n/ tr@b=tmn*nd* @@tm b*r= d*l*m pnCln//*r**n pnddk*n d*r @@tm C*n/ cndr=n/@ntr*l@tk mnj*d lb d@ntr*l@tk.=rk=l=m @b*/* @*l* @*t= @=b@t*n@pnddk*n prl= dd@ntr*l@*@k*n tr=t*m* d*l*m pn/mb*n/*n @l*b=@ d*npl*k@*n**nnC* C*n/ d@@=*k*n dn/*n t=nt=t*n kb=t=*n @@*D k*d**n @kol*Dd*n kond@ @kol* *t*= d*r*. n/*n dmk*nD @kol* *t*= d*r* mmlkc=k=p kn*n/*n =nt=k mr*nc*n/ d*n mnnt=k*n m*tr *j*rD k/*t*n pmbl*j*r*nDd*n pnl**n *@l pmbl*j*r*n.8nt=k t=D b*nC*k *l C*n/ prl= dpr@*pk*n old*r* k*rn* @b*/*n b@*r kbj*k*n C*n/ brk*t*n dn/*n mplmnt*@ t*nd*rN*@on*l Pnddk*n dl*k@*n*k*n ol @kol* *t*= d*r*. kol* *r=@ mnC=@=nk=rk=l=m tn/k*t @*t=*n pnddk*n EPF *t*= @l*b=@nC* dn/*n c*r* ml*k=k*npnj*b*r*n d*n pnC@=**n t*nd*r I@ d*n t*nd*r ompntn@ L=l=@*n C*n/dtt*pk*n dn/*n Prmndkn*@ No. ;3 *=n ;!. d*l*m Pr*t=r*n Pmrnt*Nomor BH t*=n ; tnt*n/ t*nd*r N*@on*l Pnddk*n djl*@k*n:=rk=l=m d*n@l*b=@ JKIJL9JP*kt 6D *t*= bnt=k l*n C*n/ @dr*j*t mnk*nk*n pntn/nC*km*mp=*n d*n k/m*r*n mmb*c* d*n mn=l@D kc*k*p*n brt=n/ @rt* km*mp=*nbrkom=nk*@ EP*@*l ! 6C*t !Fkol* d*n komt @kol*D *t*= m*dr*@* d*n komtm*dr*@*D mn/mb*n/k*n k=rk=l=m tn/k*t @*t=*n pnddk*n d*n @l*b=@nC*brd*@*r#k*n kr*n/k* d*@*r k=rk=l=m d*n @t*nd*r komptn@ l=l=@*n d b**@=pr@ n*@ Pnddk*n *b=p*tnJot* C*n/ brt*n/=n/ j**b tr*d*p pnddk*n=nt=k D KPD K6D d*n KD @rt* p*rtmn C*n/ mn*n/*n =r=@*n pmrnt**n dbd*n/ */*m* =nt=k KID K@D K6D d*n K6 E P*@*l BM 6C*t ;FPrnc*n*n pro@@pmbl*j*r*n mlp=t @l*b=@ d*n rnc*n* pl*k@*n*n pmbl*j*r*n C*n/ mm=*t@k=r*n/-k=r*n/nC* t=j=*n pmbl*j*r*nD m*tr *j*rD mtod pmbl*j*r*nD @=mbrbl*j*rD d*n pnl**n *@l bl*j*r EP*@*l ;F9rd*@*rk*n ktnt=*n d *t*@Dd*r* *t*= @kol* mmlk r=*n/ /r*k C*n/ @l=*@- l=*@nC* =nt=k ml*k=k*nmodk*@ d*n mn/mb*n/k*n *r*@-*r*@ pnCln/*r**n pnddk*n @@=*

dn/*n k*d**nD potn@D d*n kb=t=*n d*r*D @rt* kond@ @@*. 8nt=k kprl=*nd *t*@D prl= *d*nC* p*nd=*n pn/mb*n/*n @l*b=@ =nt=k @t*p m*t* pl*j*r*nD*/*r d*r* *t*= @kol* td*k mn/*l*m k@=lt*n.*r*ktr@tk K*t* Pl*j*r*n9**@* In//r@6/*r /=r= d*p*t mn/mb*n/k*n k=rk=l=m brb*@@ komptn@ d*npn/=j*n brb*@@ komptn@ @c*r* lb b*kD /=r= prl= mn/n*l k*r*ktr@tkm*t* pl*j*r*n. 7*l n pntn/ k*rn* k*r*ktr@tk @=*t= m*t* pl*j*r*n *k*nmmbrk*n *rn* tr@ndr tr*d*p pn/mb*n/*n @l*b=@ d*n @@tm pnl**n.=*t= m*t* pl*j*r*n mmp=nC* k*r*ktr@tk C*n/ m=n/kn @*n/*t brbd* dn/*nk*r*ktr@tk m*t* pl*j*r*n C*n/ l*n. b*/* contoD 9**@* In//r@ mmp=nC*k*r*ktr@tk C*n/ brbd* dn/*n m*t* pl*j*r*n 9olo/. Ol k*rn* t=D */*rd*p*t mn/*j*r dn/*n b*kD /=r= mmrl=k*n norm*@ tnt*n/ k*r*ktr@tk m*t*pl*j*r*n 9**@* In//r@. K*t* pl*j*r*n 9**@* In//r@ mmp=nC* k*r*ktr@tkC*n/ brbd* dn/*n m*t* pl*j*r*n k@*kt* *t*= m*t* pl*j*r*n lm= @o@*l C*n/

l*n. Prbd**n n trlt*k p*d* =n/@ b**@* @b*/* *l*t kom=nk*@. 7*l nmn/ndk*@k*n b** bl*j*r 9**@* In//r@ b=k*n @*j* bl*j*r ko@*k*t* d*nt*t*b**@* d*l*m *rt pn/t*=*nnC*D tt*p *r=@ br=p*C* mn//=n*k*n *t*=mn/*plk*@k*n pn/t*=*n tr@b=t d*l*m k/*t*n kom=nk*@. or*n/ @@* bl=md*p*t dk*t*k*n mn/=*@* 9**@* In//r@ k*l*= d* bl=m d*p*t mn//=n*k*n 9**@*In//r@ =nt=k kprl=*n kom=nk*@D m@kp=n d* mnd*p*t nl* C*n/ b*/=@ p*d*pn/=*@**n ko@*k*t* d*n t*t*b**@*nC*. Km*n/ d*k= b** @@or*n/ td*k m=n/kn*k*n d*p*t brkom=nk*@ dn/*n b*k k*l*= pn/t*=*n ko@*k*t*nC* rnd*. Olk*rn* t=D pn/=*@**n ko@*k*t* mm*n/ tt*p dprl=k*n tt*p C*n/ lb pntn/b=k*n @m*t*-m*t* p*d* pn/=*@**n ko@*k*t* tr@b=t tt*p mm*n**tk*n pn/t*=*nko@*k*t* tr@b=t d*l*m k/*t*n kom=nk*@ dn/*n 9**@* In//r@. *l*m bl*j*r


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b**@*D or*n/ mn/n*l ktr*mpl*n r@pt d*n ktr*mpl*n prod=kt.tr*mpl*n r@pt mlp=t ktr*mpl*n mnCm*k El@tnn/F d*n ktr*mpl*nmmb*c* Er*dn/FD @d*n/k*n ktr*mpl*n prod=kt mlp=t ktr*mpl*n brbc*r*E@p*kn/F d*n ktr*mpl*n mn=l@ Ertn/F. 9*k ktr*mpl*n r@pt m*=p=nktr*mpl*n prod=kt prl= dkmb*n/k*n d*l*m pro@@ pmbl*j*r*n 9**@* In//[email protected]/*r d*p*t mn/=*@* ktr*mpl*n tr@b=t d *t*@ dn/*n b*kD @@* prl=dbk*l dn/*n =n@=r-=n@=r b**@*D m@*lnC* ko@*k*t*. Pn/=*@**n ko@*k*t* *nC*mr=p*k*n @*l* @*t= =n@=r C*n/ dprl=k*n d*l*m pn/=*@**n ktr*mpl*n brb**@*.

8n@=r l*n C*n/ td*k k*l* pntn/nC* *d*l* pn/=*@**n t*t*b**@*. l* dp**mb** t*t*b**@* mmb*nt= @@or*n/ =nt=k mn/=n/k*pk*n /*/*@*nnC* d*n mmb*nt= @pndn/*r =nt=k mm**m /*/*@*n C*n/ d=n/k*pk*n ol or*n/ l*n. k*l l*/prl= dtk*nk*n b** t*t*b**@* *nC*l* @b*/* =n@=r pmb*nt= d*l*m pn/=*@**nktr*mpl*n brb**@*. Ol k*rn*nC*D pn/*j*r*n C*n/ mnk*nk*n @m*t*-m*t* p*d*pn/t*=*n t*t*b**@* nd*knC* dtn//*lk*n. *t*b**@* nd*knC* d*j*rk*n d*l*mr*n/k* mm*@lt*@ pn/=*@**n kmp*t ktr*mpl*n C*n/ tl* d@b=tk*n d m=k*.m*mp=*n @@or*n/ d*l*m brkom=nk*@ d*p*t dt=nj=kk*n d*l*m d=* c*r*D C*t=kom=nk*@ l@*n d*n kom=nk*@ trt=l@. *l*= kom=nk*@ brl*n/@=n/ @c*r*l@*nD *d* =n@=r C*n/ l*n C*n/ prl= dpr*tk*n ol /=r=D d*n tnt= @*j* prl=d*j*rk*n kp*d* p*r* @@*nC*D C*t= mn/n* =c*p*n *t*= pron=nc*ton. Lb-lb 9**@* In//r@ C*n/ *nt*r* j**n d*n =c*p*nnC* k*d*n/-k*d*n/ brbd* j*=.@*l**n d*l*m =c*p*n *k*n mnCb*bk*n @@or*n/ td*k *k*n d*p*t mn/m=k*k*n/*/*@*nnC* dn/*n tp*t. 6t*=D k*l*= d* d*l*m po@@ mndn/*rk*n pmbc*r**nor*n/ l*nD m*k* k@*l**n d*l*m =c*p*nnC* j=/* *k*n brpn/*r= tr*d*pkm*mp=*nnC* =#n#t#=#k# #m##m#*##*#m## #*#p#*# #C#*#n#/# #d##*# #d##n#/#*#r#.## ###b#*#/#*## #c#o#n#t#o##D# #@##@##o#r#*#n#/# #C#*#n#/##m##n#/#=#c#*#p#k#*#n# #k#*#t#*# #p#r#o#c##d#=#r## #d##n#/#*#n# #=#c#*#p#*#n##J#p#r#o#@##d#=#r#J# #t##n#t#=# #t##d#*#k# #*#k#*#n# #d#*#p#*#t##d##p#*##*#m## #o#l### #o#r#*#n#/# #C#*#n#/# #m##n#/#=#c#*#p#k#*#n# #k#*#t#*##t##r#@##b#=#t# #d##n#/#*#n# #b##n#*#r# #J#p#r#)#@##:#d#j#)#J#.####m##k##*#n# #p#=#l#*# #k#*#l#*#=# #o#r#*#n#/# #t##r#@##b#=#t##m#ndn/*rk*n pmbc*r**n or*n/ l*n C*n/ mn/=c*pk*n dn/*n bn*rD tnt= k*t*C*n/ d* t*n/k*p b=k*n k*t* tr@b=t. 7*l C*n/ @*n/*t trk*t dn/*n m*@*l* =c*p*n*d*l* m*@*l* nton*@. *l*m 9**@* In//r@D nton*@ mmp=nC* pr*n*n C*n/@*n/*t pntn/ d*l*m brkom=nk*@. =*t= k*t* d*p*t d=c*pk*n dn/*n pol* nton*@C*n/ brbd* d*n nton*@ C*n/ brbd* mmbr m*kn* C*n/ brbd* kp*d* k*t*

tr@b=t. b*/* contoD k*t* orrC d*p*t mnC*t*k*n prmnt**n m** k*l*=d=c*pk*n dn/*n n*d* mn=r=nD @mnt*r* k*l*= k*t* tr@b=t d=c*pk*n dn/*n n*d*n*kD *rtnC* *d*l* mmnt* @@or*n/ =nt=k mn/=l*n/ *p* C*n/ b*r= @*j*dk*t*k*n. 7*l n dm*k@=dk*n @b*/* @m*c*m pmbrt*=*n b** @@or*n/ bl=md*p*t mm**m *p* C*n/ dk*t*k*n ol or*n/ l*n. 7*l l*n C*n/ prl= dpr*tk*nd*l*m m*@*l* =c*p*n *d*l* knC*t**n b** 9**@* In//r@ mmp=nC* b=nC-b=nCC*n/ td*k @*m* dn/*n 9**@* Indon@*. b*/* contoD d d*l*m 9**@* Indon@*td*k dtm=k*n b=nC J J. 9=nC n td*k @*m* dn/*n b=nC JJ d*l*m 9**@*Indon@*. Ol k*rn*nC*D @@* prl= dl*t =nt=k mn/=c*pk*n b=nC-b=nC C*n/td*k trd*p*t d d*l*m 9**@* Indon@*. *n n br*rt b** p*r* @@* prl=dl*t ml*l= pmbl*j*r*n p@komotork. @* prl= dl*t mn//r*kk*nbbrnC*D ld*nC*D d*n or/*n-or/*n C*n/ dprl=k*n d*l*m brbc*r* @n//* d*p*tmn/*@lk*n b=nC @prt b=nC C*n/ trd*p*t d d*l*m 9**@* In//r@. Pn/=*@**n

ko@*k*t*D t*t*b**@*D d*n =c*p*n prl= dln/k*p p=l* dn/*n pn/=*@**n tnt*n/t*t*t=l@ d*l*m 9**@* In//r@. 5j**n 9**@* In//r@ C*n/ @*n/*t b*nC*kprbd**nnC* dn/*n =c*p*nnC* mnCb*bk*n m*@*l* t*t*t=l@ *t*= pn=l@*n j**nmnj*d @@=*t= C*n/ td*k d*p*t d*b*k*n. nt= @*j* *l n dprl=k*n k*l*=C*n/ mnj*d pnk*n*n *d*l* km*mp=*n brkom=nk*@ @c*r* trt=l@. Pn/=*@**nko@*k*t*D t*t*b**@*D t*t*b=nCD d*n t*t* t=l@ 9**@* In//r@ prl= dt=nj*n/ olpn/=*@**n @@tm m*kn*. =*t= *l C*n/ @rn/ dkl=k*n ol @@* C*n/ bl*j*r9**@* In//r@ *d*l* b** 9**@* In//r@ mmp=nC* k*t*-k*t* C*n/ *rtnC* td*k*nC* @*t=. Krk* l=p* b** 9**@* Indon@* @bn*rnC* j=/* mmp=nC* b*nC*kk*t*-k*t* C*n/ mmp=nC* m*kn* brm*c*m-m*c*m. b*/* contoD k*t* *@*l =@=l p*d*kd=* k*lm*t d b** n mmp=nC* *rt C*n/ td*k @*m*:B. 6@*l =@=l @*C*


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d*r *k*rt*.;. *l*= r*p*t @*C* td*k bol *@*l =@=l.*t*-k*t* C*n/ mmp=nC**rt b*nC*k @prt n j=/* dj=mp* d*l*m 9**@* In//r@. b*/* contoD k*t*t*t p*d* k*lm*t *t boC @ mC rnd dn/*n 7 @*d t*t @ motr *@ @ck.*t* t*t p*d* k*lm*t C*n/ prt*m* mmp=nC* *rt t= @d*n/k*n p*d* k*lm*t kd=*D k*t* t*t mmp=nC* *rt b**. Kn/n/*t b** d @m=* b**@* trd*p*t k*t*-k*t* C*n/ mmp=nC* m*kn* /*nd* @prt conto d *t*@D @@* prl= dbrk@*d*r*n b** *l @prt n mr=p*k*n @@=*t= C*n/ *j*r. 7*l np=n prl=mnj*d b*/*n d*l*m pro@@ bl*j*r mn/*j*r 9**@* In//r@. 7*l-*l C*n/ tl*

d@*jk*n d m=k* d*p*t d/olon/k*n mnj*d d=* r*n* C*n/ pntn/ d*l*m pro@@bl*j*r mn/*j*r. d=* r*n* tr@b=t *d*l* r*n* ko/nt d*n r*n* [email protected]*n kd=* r*n* tr@b=tD m*@ *d* @*t= r*n* l*/ C*n/ @rn/ dbc*r*k*nd*l*m pro@@ bl*j*r mn/*j*rD C*t= r*n* *kt. or*n/ /=r= prl= p=l*mm**m @k*p @@* tr*d*p 9**@* In//r@ d*n b=d*C* In//r@. or*n/ @@* C*n/mmp=nC* @k*p C*n/ po@t tr*d*p 9**@* In//r@ d*n b=d*C* In//r@ d*r*pk*n*k*n d*p*t mn/=*@* 9**@* In//r@ dn/*n lb b*k db*ndn/k*n dn/*n @@*C*n/ mmp=nC* @k*p C*n/ n/*t. nt= @*j*D @k*p @prt n d*p*t dt=mb=k*nol /=r= d d*l*m pro@@ bl*j*r mn/*j*r. k*p C*n/ po@t tr*d*p 9**@*In//r@ d*n p*r* pn=t=r *@l 9**@* In//r@ @rt* b=d*C* In//r@ *k*n mmb*nt=@@* =nt=k d*p*t mn/=*@* 9**@* In//r@ dn/*n lb b*k. b*lknC*D k*l*=@or*n/ @@* mmp=nC* @k*p C*n/ n/*t tr*d*p 9**@* In//r@ *t*= pn=t=r*@l 9**@* In//r@ d*n j=/* b=d*C* In//r@D km=n/kn*n b@*r d* *k*n br@k*p*c= t*k *c= tr*d*p 9**@* In//r@ C*n/ p*d* /lr*nnC* n*nt *k*n mnmb=lk*nkbo@*n*n d*l*m bl*j*r. b*/* *kb*tnC*D km*mp=*n b**@*nC* *k*n mnj*drnd*.Pm**m*n tnt*n/ b=d*C* In//r@ mm*n/ prl= mnd*p*t pr*t*n. b*/*contoD or*n/ In//r@ *k*n mr*@* td*k @n*n/ k*l*= kt* brt*nC*D m@*lnC*tnt*n/ =m=rnC*. Pm**m*n @prt n prl= dbrk*n kp*d* @@* td*k *nC*p*d* jnj*n/ pnddk*n C*n/ tn// tt*p *r=@ dm=l* d*r @@* br*d* p*d*tn/k*t KP. 7*l l*n C*n/ prl= dpr*tk*n d*l*m bl*j*r 9**@* In//r@ *d*l*=n/@ b**@*. prt tl* dkm=k*k*n @bl=mnC*D b**@* br=n/@ @b*/* *l*tkom=nk*@. I@tl* n m*@ trl*l= =m=m. +=n/@-=n/@ b**@* d*p*t drncmnj*d bbr*p* b*/*n. )*n/ prt*m*D b**@* d/=n*k*n ol /=r= @b*/* b**@*pn/*nt*r d d*l*m kl*@. 7*l n mn=nj=kk*n b** b**@* mmp=nC* =n/@ =nt=kmnjl*@k*n d*n mm**m. *r @@ /=r=D b**@* d/=n*k*n @b*/* *l*t =nt=kmnjl*@k*n d*n d*r @@ @@*D b**@* d/=n*k*n @b*/* *l*t =nt=k mm**mpnjl*@*n C*n/ dbrk*n ol /=r=. +=n/@ n d@b=t =n/@ =r@tk.*l*m

kd=p*n @*r-*rD b**@* j=/* d/=n*k*n =nt=k mn/=b* *t*= mmpn/*r=ln/k=n/*n. I@tl* C*n/ l*n C*n/ @rn/ d/=n*k*n *d*l* mm*np=l*@ ln/k=n/*n.b*/* contoD kt* b@* mn/=b* ln/k=n/*n kt* dn/*n mmnt* @@or*n/ml*k=k*n @@=*t=. t* dk*t*k*n mn/=b* k*rn* @bn*rnC* m=n/kn d* td*kbrkn/n*n =nt=k ml*k=k*n *l tr@b=t tt*p k*rn* kt* mmnt*nC*D d*km=d*n ml*k=k*n *l t=. K@*lnC* kt* mmnt* @@or*n/ =nt=k mmbr@k*np*p*n t=l@. *rn* =n/@ n trk*t dn/*n =p*C* kt* =nt=k mn/=b* *t*=mm*np=l*@ ln/k=n/*nD m*k* =n/@ n d@b=t =n/@ m*np=l*t.+=n/@ C*n/l*n d*p*t dl*t p*d* @**t @@or*n/ mn//=n*k*n b**@* =nt=k kprl=*nmn/*r*n/D m@*lnC* mn/*r*n/ nolD p=@D crtr* pndkD d@b. @n b**@*d/=n*k*n b=k*n =nt=k mnjl*@k*n @@=*t= tt*p =nt=k mn/mb*n/k*n m*jn*@@@or*n/. *rn* =n/@nC* =nt=k mn/mb*n/k*n m*jn*@ n m*k* =n/@ @m*c*mn d@b=t =n/@ m*jn*t.K*@ *d* @*t= l*/ =n/@ b**@*D C*t= =n/ b**@*

C*n/ m=nc=l p*d* @**t kt* mn//=n*k*nnC* =nt=k mn/=n/k*pk*n pn/*l*m*n kt*. t*mn//=n*k*n b**@* =nt=k mncrtr*k*n kp*d* or*n/ l*n pn/*l*m*n kt* *t*= d-d kt*. *rn* =n/@ n trk*t dn/*n pn/=n/k*p*n d-d kt*D =n/@ nd@b=t =n/@ d*@on*l.Prl= d@*d*r b** b**@* b=k*n *nC* @=*t= objk*b@tr*k C*n/ dpl*j*rD t*p @@=*t= C*n/ d/=n*k*n or*n/ @t*p *r. *l*mmmpl*j*r b**@* @b*/* *l*t kom=nk*@D @@or*n/ prl= mnC*d*r m*kn*-m*kn*b**@* C*n/ prl= dk=*@*nC*. Kn=r=t 7*lld*C EBHM3FD komponn m*kn* C*n/=nd*mnt*l d*l*m b**@* *d*l* komponn C*n/ =n/@on*l d*n @m=* b**@* tr@=@=nd*l*m d=* m*c*m m*kn*: m*kn* d*@on*l d*n m*kn* ntrpr@on*lD d @*mpn/ m*kn*tk@t=*l. omponn-komponn n mr=p*k*n m*n@t*@ d*l*m @@tm kb**@**n d*l*mt=j=*n =m=m pn//=n**n b**@*. K*kn* d*@on*lD ntrpr@on*lD d*n tk@t=*l


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mr=p*k*n t/* m*c*m m*kn* C*n/ tr*n/k=m d*l*m b**@* @b*/* @=*t= k@*t=*n C*n/mmbnt=k l*nd*@*n @m*ntk @m=* b**@*. K*kn* d*@on*l mr=p*k*n =j=d d*rpn/*l*m*n @@or*n/D b*k pn/*l*m*n d d=n* nC*t* m*=p=n pn/*l*m*n d d=n*m*jnr. Kn=r=t 7*lld*C m*kn* d*@on*l mr=p*k*n m*kn* n t @n@ ocontnt . l*nj=tnC*D m*kn* ntrpr@on*l mr=p*k*n m*kn* @b*/* bnt=k d*rtn/k* l*k= C*n/ kt* E@b*/* C*n/ brbc*r* *t*= C*n/ mn=l@F t=j=k*n kp*d*or*n/ l*n E@b*/* pndn/*r *t*= pmb*c*F. *l*m k*lm*tD m*kn* ntrpr@on*l ndt*mplk*n d*l*m pr=b**n pr*n d*l*m ntr*k@D m@*lnC* @t*tmnt@D q=@ton@D

or@D d*n comm*nd@D @rt* k*t* krj* b*nt= mod*llt@ Em*CD co=ldD m=@tD o=ldFC*n/ mnCrt*nC*. K@*lnC*D mp*t k*lm*t brk=t n br@ m*kn* d*@on*l C*n/@*m*D n*m=n m*kn* ntrpr@on*lnC* brbd*:B. 9llD clo@ t door.;. o=ld Co=clo@ t doorD pl*@?3. I I r Co=D I o=ld clo@ t door.1. QC don tCo= clo@ t doorD 9ll?prt tl* dkm=k*k*n @bl=mnC*D km*mp=*n mn//=n*-k*n b**@* td*k d*p*t dl*t @m*t*-m*t* d*r pn/=*@**n @@or*n/ tr*d*pko@*k*t* d*n t*t*b**@* tt*p p*d* km*mp=*nnC* =nt=k brkom=nk*@. *l*mk*t*nnC* dn/*n km*mp=*n =nt=k brkom=nk*@ n @@or*n/ prl= =nt=kmn/mb*n/k*n km*mp=*n brntr*k@. Ol k*rn* t=D */*r @@* d*p*tbrkom=nk*@ dn/*n b*kD mrk* j=/* prl= dbk*l dn/*n ktr*mpl*nntr*kt Entr*ct @kllF C*n/ @*n/*t dprl=k*n. tr*mpl*n @@* =nt=kmn/*j=k*n =@=lD mnC*t*k*n pr@t=j=*n *t*= ktd*k @t=j=*n mr=p*k*n contoktr*mpl*n ntr*kt n. *r*ktr@tk P@rt* dkP@rt* ddk *d*l*m*n=@* dn/*n @/*l* tr*nC*. Krk* mmp=nC* pr*@**n d*n pkr*n @rt*kn/n*n *t*= *@pr*@. Krk* mmp=nC* kb=t=*n d*@*r C*n/ prl= dpn=Ep*n/*nD @*nd*n/D p*p*nFD kb=t=*n *k*n r*@* *m*nD kb=t=*n =nt=k mnd*p*tk*npn/*k=*nD d*n kb=t=*n =nt=k mn/*kt=*l@*@ drnC* Emnj*d drnC* @ndr@@=* dn/*n potn@nC*F. *l*m t**p prkmb*n/*nnC*D @@* KP br*d* p*d* t**pprod prkmb*n/*n C*n/ @*n/*t p@*tD d*r @/*l* *@pk. 9rk=t n d@*jk*nprkmb*n/*n C*n/ @*n/*t r*t k*t*nnC* dn/*n pmbl*j*r*nD C*t= prkmb*n/*n*@pk ko/ntD p@komotorD d*n *kt.B. Prkmb*n/*n 6@pk o/ntKn=r=tP*/t EBHMFD prod C*n/ dm=l* p*d* =@* B; t*=nD C*t= C*n/ lb k=r*n/@*m* dn/*n =@* @@* KPD mr=p*k*n prod o orm*l opr*ton . P*d* =@* nD C*n/ brkmb*n/ p*d* @@* *d*l* km*mp=*n brkr @c*r* @mbol@ d*n b@*mm**m @@=*t= @c*r* brm*kn* Em*nn/=llCF t*np* mmrl=k*n objk C*n/ konkrt*t*= b*k*n objk C*n/ @=*l. @* tl* mm**m *l-*l C*n/ br@*tm*jn*t.Implk*@nC* d*l*m pn/*j*r*n knolo/ norm*@ d*n kom=nk*@ *d*l*

b** bl*j*r *k*n brm*kn* k*l*= np=t Em*tr pl*j*r*nF @@=* dn/*n mn*t d*nb*k*t @@*. Pn/*j*r*n knolo/ norm*@ d*n kom=nk*@ *k*n br*@l k*l*=pnC=@=n @l*b=@ d*n /=r= m*mp= mnC@=*k*n tn/k*t k@=lt*n d*n *r*@ np=tdn/*n *r*p*n @rt* k*r*ktr@tk @@* @n//* mot*@ bl*j*r mrk* br*d*p*d* tn/k*t m*k@m*l.P*d* t**p prkmb*n/*n n j=/* brkmb*n/ kt=j=kcrd*@*n d*l*m K=ltpl Intll/nc@ C*n/ dkm=k*k*n ol G*rdnr EBHH3FDC*t=: EBF kcrd*@*n ln/=@tk Ekm*mp=*n brb**@* C*n/ =n/@on*lFD E;Fkcrd*@*n lo/@-m*tm*t@ Ekm*mp=*n brkr r=nt=tFD E3F kcrd*@*n m=@k*lEkm*mp=*n mn*n/k*p d*n mncpt*k*n pol* n*d* d*n r*m*FD E1F kcrd*@*n @p*@*lEkm*mp=*n mmbnt=k m*j mnt*ltnt*n/ r*lt*@FD EF kcrd*@*n kn@ttk-r*/* Ekm*mp=*n mn/*@lk*n /r*k*n motork C*n/ *l=@FD E!F kcrd*@*n ntr*-prb*d Ekm*mp=*n =nt=k mn/n*l dr @ndr d*n mn/mb*n/k*n r*@* j*t drFDkcrd*@*n *nt*rprb*d Ekm*mp=*n mm**m or*n/ l*nF. t=j= m*c*m kcrd*@*n

n brkmb*n/ p@*t d*n bl* d*p*t dm*n**tk*n ol /=r= knolo/ norm*@ d*nkom=nk*@D *k*n @*n/*t mmb*nt= @@* d*l*m mn/=*@* km*mp=*n brtknolo/norm*@ d*n kom=nk*@.;. Prkmb*n/*n 6@pk P@komotor6@pk p@komotormr=p*k*n @*l* @*t= *@pk C*n/ pntn/ =nt=k dkt*= ol /=r=. Prkmb*n/*n*@pk p@komotor j=/* ml*l= bbr*p* t**p. **p-t**p tr@b=t *nt*r* l*n:*.

**p ko/nt**p n dt*nd* dn/*n *d*nC* /r*k*n-/r*k*n C*n/ k*k= d*nl*mb*t. In trj*d k*rn* @@* m*@ d*l*m t*r* bl*j*r =nt=k mn/nd*lk*n/r*k*n-/r*k*nnC*. * *r=@ brpkr @bl=m ml*k=k*n @=*t= /r*k*n. P*d* t**pn @@* @rn/ mmb=*t k@*l**n d*n k*d*n/-k*d*n/ trj*d tn/k*t r=@t*@ C*n/tn//.b. **p *@o@*tP*d* t**p nD @or*n/ @@* mmb=t=k*n *kt= C*n/lb pndk =nt=k mmkrk*n tnt*n/ /r*k*n-/r*k*nnC*. * m=l* d*p*t


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mn/*@o@*@k*n /r*k*n C*n/ @d*n/ dpl*j*rnC* dn/*n /r*k*n C*n/ @=d*dkn*l. **p n m*@ d*l*m t**p prtn/**n d*l*m prkmb*n/*n [email protected] k*rn* t=D /r*k*n-/r*k*n p*d* t**p n bl=m mr=p*k*n /r*k*n-/r*k*nC*n/ @*tnC* otom*t@. P*d* t**p nD @or*n/ @@* m*@ mn//=n*k*n pkr*nnC*=nt=k ml*k=k*n @=*t= /r*k*n tt*p *kt= C*n/ dprl=k*n =nt=k brpkr lb@dkt db*ndn/ p*d* *kt= d* br*d* p*d* t**p ko/nt. *n k*rn* *kt= C*n/dprl=k*n =nt=k brpkr lb pndkD /r*k*n-/r*k*nnC* @=d* m=l* td*k k*k=.c. **p otonomP*d* t**p nD @or*n/ @@* tl* mnc*p* tn/k*t *=tonom

C*n/ tn//. Pro@@ bl*j*rnC* @=d* *mpr ln/k*p m@kp=n d* tt*p d*p*tmmprb*k /r*k*n-/r*k*n C*n/ dpl*j*rnC*. **p n d@b=t t**p *=tonomk*rn* @@* @=d* td*k mmrl=k*n k*dr*n n@tr=kt=r=nt=k ml*k=k*n /r*k*n-/r*k*n. P*d* t**p nD /r*k*n-/r*k*n tl* dl*k=k*n@c*r* @pont*n d*n ol k*rn*nC* /r*k*n-/r*k*n C*n/ dl*k=k*n j=/* td*kmn/*r=@k*n pmbl*j*r =nt=k mmkrk*n tnt*n/ /r*k*nnC*. 3. Prkmb*n/*n 6@pk6ktbr*@l*n pro@@ pn/*j*r*n knolo/ norm*@ d*n kom=nk*@ j=/*dtnt=k*n ol pm**m*n tnt*n/ prkmb*n/*n *@pk *kt @@*. R*n* *kttr@b=t mnc*k=p mo@ *t*= pr*@**n C*n/ dmlk ol @t*p p@rt* ddk.9loom E9ronD ;F mmbrk*n dn@ tnt*n/ r*n* *kt C*n/ trb*/ *t*@lm* t*t*r*n *kt C*n/ mplk*@nC* d*l*m @@* KP lb k=r*n/ @b*/*brk=t: EBF @*d*r *k*n @t=*@D nomn*D m*@C*r*k*tD d*n objk d @kt*rS E;Fr@pon@ tr*d*p @tm=l=@-@tm=l=@ C*n/ *d* d ln/k=n/*n mrk*S E3F b@*mnl*S E1F @=d* m=l* b@* mn/or/*n@r nl*-nl* d*l*m @=*t= @@tmD d*nmnnt=k*n =b=n/*n d *nt*r* nl*-nl* C*n/ *d*S EF @=d* m=l* mmlkk*r*ktr@tk d*n mn/t*= k*r*ktr@tk tr@b=t d*l*m bnt=k @@tm nl*.Pm**m*n tr*d*p *p* C*n/ dr*@*k*n d*n dr@ponD d*n *p* C*n/ dC*kn d*nd*pr@*@ mr=p*k*n @=*t= *l C*n/ @*n/*t pntn/ d*l*m tor pmrol*n b**@*kd=* *t*= b**@* *@n/. +*ktor prb*d C*n/ lb @p@k d*l*m tn/k* l*k=@@* C*n/ @*n/*t pntn/ d*l*m pn/=*@**n brb*/* m*tr pmbl*j*r*nD C*n/mlp=t:B. l-@tmD C*t= pn/*r/**n C*n/ dbrk*n @@or*n/ kp*d* drnC*@ndr.;. InbtonD C*t= @k*p mmprt**nk*n dr *t*= mlnd=n/ /o.3.

6n&tC Ekcm*@*nFD C*n/ mlp=t r*@* r=@tr*@D k**trD t/*n/D d@bnC*.1. Kot*@D C*t= doron/*n =nt=k ml*k=k*n @=*t= k/*t*n.. R@k-t*kn/D C*t=kbr*n*n mn/*mbl r@ko.!. 5mp*tD C*t= @*t C*n/ brk*t*n dn/*nplb*t*n dr ndd= p*d* pr*@**n or*n/ l*n. II. P5NG5RI6ND PRINIPD 6N676P-676P P5NG5K96NG6N IL698Pn/rt*n l*b=@l*b=@ d@=@=n brd*@*rk*n

t*nd*r I@D C*n/ d d*l*mnC* br@k*n Idntt*@ K*t* Pl*j*r*nD t*nd*romptn@ EF d*n omptn@ *@*r EFD Indk*torD K*tr PokokD /*t*npmbl*j*r*nD 6lok*@ Q*kt=D =mbr 9l*j*rD d*n Pnl**n. n/*n dmk*nD@l*b=@ p*d* d*@*rnC* mnj**b prm*@*l**n-prm*@*l**n @b*/* brk=t.omptn@*p* @*j* C*n/ *r=@ dc*p* @@* @@=* dn/*n C*n/ dr=m=@k*n ol t*nd*r I@Et*nd*r omptn@ d*n omptn@ *@*rF.K*tr Pokok *p* @*j*k* C*n/ prl=db**@ d*n dpl*j*r p@rt* ddk =nt=k mnc*p* t*nd*r I@./*t*npmbl*j*r*n C*n/ b*/*m*n*k* C*n/ @*r=@nC* d@kn*rok*n ol /=r= @n//*p@rt* ddk m*mp= brntr*k@ dn/*n objk bl*j*r.Indk*tor *p* @*j*k* C*n/*r=@ dtnt=k*n =nt=k mnc*p* t*nd*r [email protected]*/*m*n*k* c*r* mn/t*=ktrc*p**n komptn@ brd*@*rk*n Indk*tor @b*/* *c=*n d*l*m mnnt=k*n jn@d*n *@pk C*n/ *k*n dnl*.9r*p* l*m* *kt= C*n/ dprl=k*n =nt=k mnc*p*t*nd*r I@ trtnt=.=mbr 9l*j*r *p* @*j*k* C*n/ d*p*t dbrd*C*k*n =nt=k

mnc*p* t*nd*r I@ trtnt=.Pn/mb*n/ l*b=@Pn/mb*n/*n @l*b=@ d*p*tdl*k=k*n ol p*r* /=r= @c*r* m*ndr *t*= brklompok d*l*m @b=* @kol* *t*=bbr*p* @kol*D klompok K=@C**r* G=r= K*t* Pl*j*r*n EKGKPF p*d* *t*= P=@*t/*t*n G=r= EPGFD d*n n*@ Pnddk*n.B. G=r=b*/* tn*/* pro@on*l C*n/mmlk t*n//=n/ j**b l*n/@=n/ tr*d*p km*j=*n bl*j*r @@*D @or*n/ /=r=d*r*pk*n m*mp= mn/mb*n/k*n @l*b=@ @@=* dn/*n komptn@ mn/*j*rnC* @c*r*m*ndr. @@ l*n /=r= lb mn/n*l k*r*ktr@tk @@* d*n kond@ @kol*@rt* ln/k=n/*nnC*.;. lompok G=r=6p*bl* /=r= kl*@ *t*= /=r= m*t* pl*j*r*nk*rn* @@=*t= *l bl=m d*p*t ml*k@*n*k*n pn/mb*n/*n @l*b=@ @c*r* m*ndrDm*k* p*k @kol* d*p*t mn/=@**k*n =nt=k mmbnt=k klompok /=r= kl*@ *t*= /=r=m*t* pl*j*r*n =nt=k mn/mb*n/k*n @l*b=@ C*n/ *k*n dpr/=n*k*n ol @kol*


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tr@b=t3. K=@C**r* G=r= K*t* Pl*j*r*n EKGKPFkol* C*n/ bl=m m*mp=mn/mb*n/k*n @l*b=@ @c*r* m*ndrD @b*knC* br/*b=n/ dn/*n @kol* l*nml*l= or=m KGKPJPG =nt=k br@*m*-@*m* mn/mb*n/k*n @l*b=@ C*n/ *k*n d/=n*k*nol @kol*-@kol* d*l*m ln/k=p KGKPJPG @tmp*t.n*@ Pnddk*nn*@Pnddk*n @tmp*t d*p*t mm*@lt*@ pnC=@=n*n @l*b=@ dn/*n mmbnt=k @b=*tm C*n/ trdr d*r p*r* /=r= brpn/*l*m*n d bd*n/nC* m*@n/-m*@n/.*l*mpn/mb*n/*n @l*b=@ n @kol*D klompok krj* /=r=D *t*= dn*@ pnddk*n d*p*tmmnt* bmbn/*n tkn@ d*r pr/=r=*n tn//D LPKPD *t*= =nt =t*m* trk*t C*n/

*d* d p*rtmn Pnddk*n N*@on*lPrn@p Pn/mb*n/*n l*b=@Ilm*@l=r=*nm*tr d*n k/*t*n C*n/ mnj*d m=*t*n d*l*m @l*b=@ *r=@ bn*r d*n d*p*tdprt*n/=n/j**bk*n @c*r* klm=*n.Rl*n*k=p*nD kd*l*m*nD tn/k*t k@=k*r*nd*n =r=t*n pnC*j*n m*tr d*l*m @l*b=@ @@=* dn/*n tn/k*t prkmb*n/*n @kDntlkt=*lD @o@*lD mo@on*lD d*n @prt=*l p@rt* ddk.@tm*t@omponn-komponn @l*b=@ @*ln/ br=b=n/*n @c*r* =n/@on*l d*l*m mnc*p* [email protected]@@tn6d* =b=n/*n C*n/ kon@@tn E*j/D t**t *@*@F *nt*r* komptn@ d*@*rDndk*torD m*tr pokokD k/*t*n pmbl*j*r*nD @=mbr bl*j*rD d*n @@tmpnl**n.Km*d**k=p*n ndk*torD m*tr pokokD k/*t*n pmbl*j*r*nD @=mbrbl*j*rD d*n @@tm pnl**n c=k=p =nt=k mn=nj*n/ pnc*p*n komptn@ d*@*r.6kt=*l d*n ontk@t=*l*k=p*n ndk*torD m*tr pokokD k/*t*n pmbl*j*r*nD d*n@@tm pnl**n mmpr*tk*n prkmb*n/*n lm=D tknolo/D d*n @n m=t*krd*l*m kd=p*n nC*t*D d*n pr@t* C*n/ trj*d.+lk@bl@l=r=*n komponn@l*b=@ d*p*t mn/*komod*@ *r*@ p@rt* ddkD pnddk*nD @rt* dn*mk*pr=b**n C*n/ trj*d d @kol* d*n t=nt=t*n m*@C*r*k*t. mnt*r* t=D m*tr*j*r dtnt=k*n brd*@*rk*n d*n *t*= mmpr*tk*n k=lt=r d*r* m*@n/-m*@n/. 7*ln dm*k@=dk*n */*r kd=p*n p@rt* ddk td*k trcr*b=t d*r ln/k=n/*nnC*.KnCl=r=omponn @l*b=@ mnc*k=p k@l=r=*n r*n* komptn@ Eko/ntD*ktD p@komotorF.@ntr*l@tkPn/mb*n/*n @l*b=@ n br@*td@ntr*l@tk. K*k@=dnC* b** kn*n/*n pn/mb*n/*n @l*b=@ br/*nt=n/ p*d*d*r* m*@n/-m*@n/D *t*= b*k*n @kol* m*@n/-m*@n/. **p-t**p Pn/mb*n/*nl*b=@Prnc*n**nm C*n/ dt=/*@k**n =nt=k mnC=@=n @l*b=@ trlb d*=l= prl=mn/=mp=lk*n norm*@ d*n mmpr@*pk*n kp=@t*k*n *t*= rrn@ C*n/ @@=*=nt=k mn/mb*n/k*n @l*b=@. Pnc*r*n norm*@ d*p*t dl*k=k*n dn/*nmm*n**tk*n pr*n/k*t tknolo/ d*n norm*@ @prt m=lt md* d*n ntrnt.Pl*k@*n**n*l*m ml*k@*n*k*n pnC=@=n*n @l*b=@ prl= mm**m @m=* pr*n/k*tC*n/ br=b=n/*n dn/*n pnC=@=n*n @l*b=@D @prt t*nd*r I@ C*n/ br=b=n/*n

dn/*n m*t* pl*j*r*n C*n/ br@*n/k=t*n d*n =rk=l=m n/k*t *t=*n Pnddk*n.Prb*k*n9=r*m @l*b=@ prl= dk*j =l*n/ @bl=m d/=n*k*n d*l*m k/*t*npmbl*j*r*n. Pn/k*j*n d*p*t mlb*tk*n p*r* @p@*l@ k=rk=l=mD *l m*t*pl*j*r*nD *l dd*ktk-mtodkD *l pnl**nD p@kolo/D /=r=Jn@tr=kt=rD kp*l*@kol*D pn/**@D @t* pro@on*l dn*@ pnddk*nD pr*kl*n or*n/ t=* @@*Dd*n @@* t= @ndr.Pm*nt*p*nK*@=k*n d*r pn/k*j*n =l*n/ d*p*t dj*dk*n b**nprtmb*n/*n =nt=k mmprb*k b=r*m **l. 6p*bl* tl* mmn= krtr* dn/*nc=k=p b*k d*p*t @/r* d@*mp*k*n kp*d* p*l* n*@ Pnddk*n d*n p*k-p*kC*n/ brkpntn/*n l*nnC*.Pnl**n @l*b=@Pnl**n pl*k@*n**n @l*b=@ prl=dl*k=k*n @c*r* brk*l* dn/*n mn/=n*k**n modl-modl pnl**n k=rk=l=m.OKPON5N 6N L6NG67-L6NG67 P5NG5K96NG6N IL698 P5K95L66R6Nomponn @l*b=@pmbl*j*r*nl*b=@ Pmbl*j*r*n mm=*t @k=r*n/-k=r*n/nC* komponn-komponnbrk=t n.Idntt*@ l*b=@ Pmbl*j*r*nt*nd*r ompntn@omptn@ *@*rK*tr

Pmbl*j*r*n/*t*n Pmbl*j*r*nIndk*tor Pnc*p**n omptn@Pnl**n6lok*@Q*kt==mbr 9l*j*romponn-komponn @l*b=@ pmbl*j*r*n d *t*@D @l*nj=tnC*d*p*t d@*jk*n d*l*m conto orm*t @l*b=@ @c*r* or@ont*l @b*/* brk=t.IL698 P5K95L66R6Nkol* : KPJK@ .............l*@Jm@tr

: ..... J .......K*t* Pl*j*r*n : .......t*nd*r omptn@ : .......omptn@*@*r#K*trPmbl*j*r*n#/*t*nPmbl*j*r*n#Indk*tor Pnc*p**nomptn@#Pnl**n#6lok*@Q*kt=#=mbr9l*j*r######knk#9nt=kIn@tr=mn#ontoIn@tr=mn##############*t*t*n: ( /*t*n Pmbl*j*r*n: k/*t*n-k/*t*n C*n/@p@k C*n/ dl*k=k*n @@* =nt=k mnc*p* d*n ( 6lok*@ *kt=: trm*@=k*lok*@ pnl**n C*n/ trnt/r*@ dn/*n pmbl*j*r*n En & 1 mntF( =mbrbl*j*r: b=k= tk@D *l*tD b**nD n*r* @=mbrD *t*= l*nnC*.L*n/k*-l*n/k*


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Pn/mb*n/*n l*b=@ Pmbl*j*r*nKn/@ dntt*@Idntt*@ trdr d*r n*m*@kol*D kl*@J@m@trD m*t* pl*j*r*nD d*n @t*nd*r komptn@. Idntt*@ @l*b=@dt=l@ d *t*@ m*trk@ @l*[email protected]=l@k*n t*nd*r omptn@t*nd*r omptn@*d*l* k=*lk*@ km*mp=*n p@rt* ddk C*n/ mn//*mb*rk*n pn/=*@**npn/t*=*nD @k*pD d*n ktr*mpl*n C*n/ d*r*pk*n dc*p* p*d* m*t* pl*j*r*ntrtnt=. t*nd*r omptn@ d*mbl d*r t*nd*r I@ Et*nd*r omptn@ d*nomptn@ *@*rF K*t* Pl*j*r*n.bl=m mn=l@k*n t*nd*r omptn@D pnC=@=ntrlb d*=l= mn/k*j t*nd*r I@ m*t* pl*j*r*n dn/*n mmpr*tk*n *l-*l

brk=t:=r=t*n brd*@*rk*n r*rk kon@p d@pln lm= d*nJ*t*= d*n Sktrk*t*n *nt*r @t*nd*r komptn@ d*n komptn@ d*@*r d*l*m m*t* pl*j*r*nSktrk*t*n @t*nd*r komptn@ d*n komptn@ d*@*r *nt*r m*t* pl*j*r*n.Kn=l@k*nomptn@ *@*romptn@ *@*r mr=p*k*n @j=ml* km*mp=*n mnm*l C*n/ *r=@dmlk p@rt* ddk d*l*m r*n/k* mn/=*@* m*t* pl*j*r*n trtnt=.omptn@ d*@*r dpl d*r C*n/ trc*nt=m d*l*m t*nd*r [email protected]=m mnnt=k*n*t*= mml omptn@ *@*rD pnC=@=n trlb d*=l= mn/k*j @t*nd*r komptn@d*n komptn@ d*@*r m*t* pl*j*r*n dn/*n mmpr*tk*n *l-*l @b*/* brk=t :=r=t*nbrd*@*rk*n r*rk kon@p d@pln lm= d*nJ*t*= tn/k*t k@=lt*n omptn@*@*rSktrk*t*n *nt*r@t*nd*r komptn@ d*n komptn@ d*@*r d*l*m m*t* pl*j*r*nSktrk*t*n @t*nd*r komptn@ d*n komptn@ d*@*r *nt*rm*t* pl*j*r*n. 1.

Kn/dntk*@ K*tr Pmbl*j*r*n*l*m mn/dntk*@ m*tr pokok *r=@dprtmb*n/k*n:rl*n@ m*tr pokok dn/*n d*n Stn/k*t prkmb*n/*n @kDntlkt=*lD mo@on*lD @o@*lD d*n @prt=*l p@rt* ddkSkbrm*n**t*n b*/p@rt* ddkS@tr=kt=r klm=*nSkd*l*m*n d*n kl=*@*n m*trSrl*n@ dn/*nkb=t=*n p@t* ddk d*n t=nt=t*n ln/k=n/*nS*lok*@ *kt=.l*n t= j=/* *r=@dpr*tk*n:k@**n E*ldtCF: m*tr mm*n/ bn*r-bn*r tr=j kbn*r*n d*nk@**nnC*Stn/k*t kpntn/*n E@/nc*ncF: m*tr C*n/ d*j*rk*n mm*n/bn*r-bn*r dprl=k*n ol @@* dprl=k*n ol @@*Skbrm*n**t*n E=tltCF:m*tr tr@b=t mmbrk*n d*@*r-d*@*r pn/t*=*n d*n ktr*mpl*n p*d* jnj*n/brk=tnC*Sl*C*k dpl*j*r El*rn*bltCF: m*tr l*C*k dpl*j*r b*k d*r *@pktn/k*t k@=lt*n m*=p=n *@pk pm*n**t*n b**n *j*r d*n kond@ @tmp*tSmn*rkmn*t Entr@tF: m*trnC* mn*rk mn*t @@* d*n mmot*@nC* =nt=k mmpl*j*rlb l*nj=t.. Kn/mb*n/k*n /*t*n Pmbl*j*r*n/*t*n pmbl*j*r*ndr*nc*n/ =nt=k mmbrk*n pn/*l*m*n bl*j*r C*n/ mlb*tk*n pro@@ mnt*l d*n@k ml*l= ntr*k@ *nt*rp@rt* ddkD p@rt* ddk dn/*n /=r=D ln/k=n/*nD

d*n @=mbr bl*j*r l*nnC* d*l*m r*n/k* pnc*p**n komptn@ d*@*r pn/*l*m*nbl*j*r C*n/ dm*k@=d d*p*t tr=j=d ml*l= pn//=n**n pndk*t*n pmbl*j*r*nC*n/ br*r*@ d*n brp=@*t p*d* p@rt* ddk. /*t*n pmbl*j*r*n mm=*tkc*k*p*n d=p C*n/ prl= dk=*@* p@rt* ddk. rtr* mn/mb*n/k*n k/*t*npmbl*j*r*n @b*/* brk=t./*t*n pmbl*j*r*n d@=@=n brt=j=*n =nt=kmmbrk*n b*nt=*n kp*d* p*r* pnddkD k=@=@nC* /=r=D */*r mrk* d*p*t bkrj*d*n ml*k@*n*k*n pro@@ pmbl*j*r*n @c*r* pro@on*l @@=* dn/*n t=nt=t*nk=rk=l=m./*t*n pmbl*j*r*n d@=@=n brd*@*rk*n *t*@ @*t= t=nt=t*n komptn@d*@*r @c*r* =t=.Pn/*l*m*n bl*j*r mm=*t r*n/k**n k/*t*n C*n *r=@ dl*k=k*nol @@* @c*r* br=r=t*n =nt=k mnc*p* komptn@ d*@*r./*t*n pmbl*j*r*nbrp=@*t p*d* @@* E@t=dnt cntrdF. G=r= *r=@ @l*l= brpkr k/*t*n *p*C*n/ b@* dl*k=k*n */*r @@* mmlk komptn@ C*n/ tl* dtt*pk*n.K*trk/*t*n pmbl*j*r*n d*p*t br=p* pn/t*=*nD @k*pD d*n ktr*mpl*n.Pr=m=@*n

k/*t*n pmbl*j*r*n *r=@ jl*@ mm=*t m*tr C*n/ *r=@ dk=*@* =nt=k mnc*p*omptn@ *@*r.Pnnt=*n =r=t*n l*n/k* pmbl*j*r*n @*n/*t pntn/ *rtnC* b*/- C*n/ mmrl=k*n pr*@C*r*t trtnt=.Pmbl*j*r*n br@*t @pr*l Etrj*dpn/=l*n/*n-pn/=l*n/*n pmbl*j*r*n m*tr trtnt=F.R=m=@*n prnC*t**n d*l*mk/*t*n pmbl*j*r*n mnm*l mn/*nd=n/ d=* =n@=r pncr C*n/ mncrmnk*npn/lol**n k/*t*n pmbl*j*r*n @@*D C*t= k/*t*n d*n objk bl*j*r.Pml*nk/*t*n @@* mmprtmb*n/k*n *l-*l @b*/* brk=t:mmbrk*n pl=*n/ b*/@@* =nt=k mnc*rD mn/ol*D d*n mnm=k*n @ndr pn/t*=*nD d b**bmbn/*n /=r=Smncrmnk*n cr k*@ d*l*m p/mb*n/*n km*p=*n m*t* pl*j*r*nSd@@=*k*n dn/*n km*mp=*n @@*D @=mbr bl*j*r d*n @*r*n* C*n/ tr@d*br*r*@ dn/*n mn/ombn*@k*n k/*t*n ndd=Jpror*n/*nD brp*@*n/*nD


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klompokD d*n kl*@k*l.mmpr*tk*n pl*C*n*n tr*d*p prbd**n ndd=*l @@*@prt: b*k*tD mn*tD km*mp=*nD l*t*r bl*k*n/ kl=*r/*D @o@*l-komomD d*nb=d*C*D @rt* m*@*l* k=@=@ C*n/ d*d*p @@* C*n/ br@*n/k=t*n.!. Kr=m=@k*nIndk*tor Pnc*p**n omptn@Indk*tor mr=p*k*n pnj*b*r*n d*r komptn@ d*@*rd*n mr=p*k*n @=b-komptn@ d*@*r. Indk*tor dr=m=@k*n @@=* dn/*nk*r*ktr@tk @*t=*n pnddk*nD potn@ d*r* d*n p@rt* ddk d*n dr=m=@k*nd*l*m k*t* krj* opr*@on*l C*n/ tr=k=r d*n *t*= d*p*t dob@r*@D @b*/* *c=*npnl**n. n/*n dmk*n ndk*tor pnc*p**n komptn@ mn/*r* p*d* ndk*tor

pnl**n. M. Pnl**nPnl**n pnc*p**n komptn@ d*@*r p@rt* ddkdl*k=k*n brd*@*rk*n ndk*tor d*l*m k/*t*n pnl**n n trd*p*t t/*komponn pntn/D C*n/ mlp=t: E*F tknk pnl**nD EbF bnt=k n@tr=mnD d*nEcF conto n@tr=mn.*. knk Pnl**n Pnl**n mr=p*k*n @r*n/k**n k/*t*n=nt=k mmprolD mn/*n*l@@ d*n mn*@rk*n pro@@ d*n *@l bl*j*r @@* C*n/dl*k=k*n @c*r* @@tm*t@ d*n brk@n*mb=n/*n @n//* mnj*d norm*@ C*n/brm*kn* d*l*m pn/*mbl*n kp=t=@*n =nt=k mnnt=k*n tn/k*t kbr*@l*npnc*p**n komptn@ C*n/ tl* dtnt=k*n. 6d*p=n C*n/ dm*k@=d dn/*n tknkpnl**n *d*l* c*r*-c*r* C*n/ dtmp= =nt=k mmprol norm*@ mn/n* pro@@d*n prod=k C*n/ d*@lk*n pmbl*j*r*n C*n/ dl*k=k*n ol p@rt* ddk. 6d*bbr*p* tknk C*n/ d*p*t dl*k=k*n d*l*m r*n/k* pnl**n nD C*n/ @c*r* /*r@b@*r d*p*t dk*t/ork*n @b*/* tknk t@ d*n tknk [email protected] t@ mr=p*k*nc*r* =nt=k mmprol norm*@ ml*l= prt*nC**n C*n/ mmrl=k*n j**b*n bt=l*t*= @*l*D @d*n/k*n tknk nont@ *d*l* @=*t= c*r* =nt=k mmprol norm*@ml*l= prt*nC**n C*n/ td*k mmrl=k*n j**b*n bt=l *t*= @*l*. *l*mml*k@*n*k*n pnl**n prl= dpr*tk*n prn@p-prn@p brk=t n.Pml*njn@ pnl**n *r=@ d@rt* dn/*n *@pk-*@pk C*n/ *k*n dnl* @n//*mm=d*k*n d*l*m pnC=@=n*n @o*l.Pnl**n d*r*k*n =nt=k mn/=k=r pnc*p**nndk*tor.Pnl**n mn//=n*k*n *c=*n krtr*S C*t= brd*@*rk*n *p* C*n/ b@*dl*k=k*n @@* @tl* @@* mn/k=t pro@@ pmbl*j*r*nD d*n b=k*n =nt=kmnnt=k*n po@@ @@or*n/ tr*d*p klompoknC*.@tm C*n/ drnc*n*k*n *d*l*@@tm pnl**n C*n/ brkl*nj=t*n. 9rkl*nj=t*n d*l*m *rt @m=* ndk*tordt*/D km=d*n *@lnC* d*n*l@@ =nt=k mnnt=k*n komptn@ d*@*r C*n/ tl*dmlk d*n C*n/ bl=mD @rt* =nt=k mn/t*= k@=lt*n @@*.7*@l pnl**nd*n*l@@ =nt=k mnnt=k*n tnd*k*n prb*k*nD br=p* pro/r*m rmd. 6p*bl*@@* bl=m mn/=*@* @=*t= komptn@ d*@*rD * *r=@ mn/k=t pro@@pmbl*j*r*n l*/D @d*n/ bl* tl* mn/=*@* komptn@ d*@*rD * dbr t=/*@

pn/*C**n.@* C*n/ tl* mn/=*@* @m=* *t*= *mpr @m=* komptn@ d*@*r d*p*tdbr t=/*@ =nt=k mmpl*j*r komptn@ d*@*r brk=tnC*.*l*m @@tm pnl**nbrkl*nj=t*nD /=r= *r=@ mmb=*t k@-k@ pnl**n d*n r*nc*n/*n pnl**n@c*r* mnCl=r= =nt=k @*t= @m@tr dn/*n mn//=n*k*n tknk pnl**n C*n/tp*t.Pnl**n dl*k=k*n =nt=k mnCmb*n/k*n brb*/* *@pk pmbl*j*r*n:ko/ntD *kt d*n p@komotor dn/*n mn//=n*k*n brb*/* modl pnl**nDb*korm*l m*=p=n nonorm*l @c*r* brk@n*mb=n/*n.Pnl**n mr=p*k*n @=*t= pro@@pn/=mp=l*n d*n pn//=n**n norm*@ tnt*n/ *@l bl*j*r @@* dn/*n mnr*pk*nprn@p brkl*nj=t*nD b=kt-b=kt otntkD *k=r*tD d*n kon@@tn @b*/**k=nt*blt*@ p=blk.Pnl**n mr=p*k*n pro@@ dntk*@ pnc*p**n komptn@d*n *@l bl*j*r C*n/ dkm=k*k*n ml*l= prnC*t**n C*n/ jl*@ tnt*n/ @t*nd*rC*n/ *r=@ d*n tl* dc*p* d@rt* dn/*n pt* km*j=*n *@l bl*j*r @@*.Pnl**n brornt*@ p*d* t*nd*r omptn@D omptn@ *@*r d*n Indk*tor.

n/*n dmk*nD *@lnC* *k*n mmbrk*n /*mb*r*n mn/n* prkmb*n/*n pnc*p**[email protected]**n dl*k=k*n @c*r* brkl*nj=t*n Edrnc*n*k*n d*n dl*k=k*ntr=@ mnr=@F /=n* mnd*p*tk*n /*mb*r*n C*n/ =t= mn/n* prkmb*n/*n pn/=*@**nkomptn@ @@*D b*k @b*/* k l*n/@=n/ Em*n ctF m*=p=n k pn/rn/En=rt=r*nt ctF d*r pro@@ pmbl*j*r*n.@tm pnl**n *r=@ d@@=*k*ndn/*n k/*t*n pmbl*j*r*n C*n/ dtmp= d*l*m pro@@ pmbl*j*r*n. K@*lnC*Djk* pmbl*j*r*n mn//=n*k*n pndk*t*n t=/*@ ob@r*@ l*p*n/*nD pnl**n *r=@dbrk*n b*k p*d* pro@@ Ektr*mpl*n pro@@F m@*lnC* tknk **nc*r*D m*=p=nprod=kJ*@l dn/*n ml*k=k*n ob@r*@ l*p*n/*n C*n/ br=p* norm*@ C*n/db=t=k*n.b. 9nt=k In@tr=mn9nt=k n@tr=mn C*n/ dpl *r=@ @@=* dn/*ntknk pnl**nnC*. Ol k*rn* t=D bnt=k n@tr=mn C*n/ dkmb*n/k*n d*p*t


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br=p* bnt=k n@tr=mn C*n/ tr/olon/ tknk:@ t=l@D d*p*t br=p* t@@*J=r**nD pl*n /*nd*D @*nD mnjodok*n d*n @b*/*nC*.@ l@*nD C*t=brbnt=k d*t*r prt*nC**n.Ob@r*@ C*t= dn/*n mn//=n*k*n lmb*r ob@r*@.@Pr*ktkJ nrj* br=p* t@ t=l@ ktr*mpl*nD t@ dntk*@D t@ @m=l*@D d*n=j ptk krj* Pn=/*@*n ndd= *t*= klompokD @prt t=/*@ proCk *t*= t=/*@r=m*.Portoolo dn/*n mn//=n*k*n dok=mn pkrj**nD k*rC*D d*n *t*= pr@t*@@@*.Pnl**n dr dn/*n mn//=n*k*n lmb*r pnl**n dr @=d* pnnt=*nn@tr=mn t@ tl* dp*nd*n/ tp*tD @l*nj=tnC* n@tr=mn t@ t= dt=l@k*n d

d*l*m kolom m*trk@ @l*b=@ C*n/ tr@d*. 9rk=t n d@*jk*n r*/*m tknkpnl**n b@rt* bnt=k n@tr=mn C*n/ d*p*t d/=n*k*n.*bl B. R*/*m knkPnl**n b@rt* R*/*m 9nt=k In@tr=mnnC*knk Pnl**n #9nt=k In@tr=mn ##@ trt=l@ # @ pl*n: pl*n /*nd*D bn*r-@*l*D mnjodok*n dll. @ @*n: @*n @n/k*t d*n =r**n ## @ l@*n # *t*r prt*nC**n ## Ob@r*@ Epn/*m*t*nF # Lmb*r ob@r*@ Elmb*r pn/*m*t*nF ## @ pr*ktk Et@ knrj*F # @ t=l@ ktr*mpl*n @ dntk*@ @ @m=l*@ @ =j ptk krj* ## Pn=/*@*n ndd=*l *t*= klompok # Pkrj**n r=m* ProCk ## Pnl**n portoolo # Lmb*r pnl**n portoolo ## =rn*l # 9=k= c*c*t*n j=rn*l ## Pnl**n dr # =@onrJlmb*r pnl**n dr ## Pnl**n Pnl**n *nt*rtm*n# Lmb*r pnl**n *nt*rtm*n ##c. onto In@tr=mnIn@tr=mn C*n/@=d* tr@=@=nD @l*nj=tnC* dbrk*n conto C*n/ d*p*t dt=l@k*n d d*l*m kolomm*trk@ @l*b=@ C*n/ tr@d*. N*m=nD *p*bl* dp*nd*n/ *l t= mnC=#lt#k*nk*rn* kolom C*n/ tr@d* td*k mnc=k=pD @l*nj=tnC* conto n@tr=mn pnl**ndlt*kk*n d d*l*m l*mpr*n.". Knnt=k*n 6lok*@ Q*kt=6lok*@ *kt= *d*l*j=ml* *kt= C*n/ db=t=k*n =nt=k ktrc*p**n @=*t= omptn@ *@*r trtnt=Ddn/*n mmpr*tk*n:mn//= kt pr @m@trD*lok*@ *kt= m*t* pl*j*r*nD d*nj=ml* komptn@ pr @m@tr. Knnt=k*n =mbr 9l*j*r =mbr bl*j*r mr=p*k*n@/*l* @@=*t= C*n/ dprl=k*n d*l*m pro@@ pmbl*j*r*nD C*n/ d*p*t br=p*: b=k=tk@D md* ct*kD md* lktronk*D n*r* @=mbrD ln/k=n/*n *l*m @kt*rD d*n@b*/*nC*. IA. P5N88Ponto @l*b=@ C*n/ trd*p*t d d*l*m L*mpr*n 3 b=k*nconto @*t=-@*t=nC* d d*l*m pn/mb*n/*n @l*b=@ C*n/ d@=@=n brd*@*rk*n t*nd*rI@. 8nt=k t=D d*r*pk*n @kol* *t*= d*r* d*p*t mn/mb*n/k*n @ndr bnt=k@l*b=@ C*n/ l*n.*l*m pl*k@*n**n pmbl*j*r*nD @l*b=@ *r=@ dj*b*rk*n lbopr*@on*l d*l*m bnt=k Rnc*n* Pl*k@*n**n Pmbl*j*r*n. 6+6R P8666@@oc*ton o oll/ *nd R@*rc Lbr*r@ E6RLFD ttp:JJ.*l*.or/ o=rtrDGn EBHHHF. Kcro@ot oc ; =@r @pc*l@t @t=dC /=d. 6l*md*: Cb&D

Inc.Gr*d=*t @cool o lbr*rC 4 norm*ton @cncD ttp:JJ.@[email protected]=,7*llD Gn 5. EBH"!F. omptncC b*@d d=c*ton : 6 Proc@@ or t mpromnt od=c*tonD 5n/lood l@: Prntc 7*llD Inc.KrrCldD K.K.D 5 *rco 4Pckrt EBHHMF. Prp*rn/ t*cr@ to t*c /lob*l pr@pct@ : 6 *ndbook ort*cr d=c*tor@. *lorn*: *rn Pr@@D Inc.Kn@tr*l 6d@orC o=ncl onT=*ltC o *cn/D ttp:JJ@c@.=n.d=.*= K=kmn*nD dkk E;;F. Pdom*n =m=mpn/mb*n/*n @l*b=@ brb*@@ komptn@D @@* mnn/* prt*m* EKPF. )o/C*k*rt*:Pro/r*m P*@c*@*rj*n* 8N).Oo I+ EBHHHF. Inorm*ton tcnolo/C comptncCprol. #ttp:[email protected]/cool o N=r@n/ *nd KdrCDttp:JJ.kcl.*c.=k Ar/n* omm=ntC olll/ C@tm EAFDttp:JJ.n.cc.*.=@ L*mpr*n BGLO6RI8KIndk*tor: k*r*ktr@tkD cr-crDt*nd*-t*nd*D prb=*t*nD *t*= r@pon@D C*n/ *r=@ d*p*t dl*k=k*n *t*= dt*mplk*nol @@*D =nt=k mn=nj=kk*n b** @@* t= tl* mmlk komptn@ d*@*r

trtnt=.c*k*p*n d=p El @kllF: km*mp=*n C*n/ dprl=k*n =nt=k mnmp=kd=p*n dn/*n @=k@@D b**/* d*n @c*r* brm*rt*b*tD m@*lnC*: km*mp=*nbrkr komplk@D brkom=nk*@ @c*r* ktD mmb*n/=n krj*@*m*D ml*k@*n*k*npr*n @b*/* *r/*n/*r* C*n/ brt*n//=n/ j**bD k@*p*n =nt=k trj=n k d=n*krj*.c=k=p*n E*dq=*cCF: mmp=nC* c*k=p*n *t*= r=*n/ ln/k=p m*tr pokok C*n/mm*d* =nt=k mn=nj*n/ pn/=*@**n komptn@ d*@*r m*=p=n @t*nd*r [email protected]@ d*@*r: km*mp=*n mnm*l d*l*m m*t* pl*j*r*n C*n/ *r=@ dmlk oll=l=@*nS km*mp=*n mnm=m C*n/ *r=@ d*p*t dl*k=k*n *t*= dt*mplk*n ol @@*=nt=k @t*nd*r komptn@ trtnt= d*r @=*t= m*t* pl*j*r*n.omptn@ l=l=@*n:km*mp=*n C*n/ d*p*t dl*k=k*n *t*= dt*mplk*n l=l=@*n @=*t= jnj*n/ pnddk*nC*n/ mlp=t r*n* ko/ntD *ktD d*n [email protected]@@tn@ Ekt**t*@*@*nF:


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k@l*r*@*n =b=n/*n *nt*rkomponn d*l*m @l*b=@ Ekomptn@ d*@*rD m*tr pokokd*n k/*t*n pmbl*j*r*nF. K*tr pokok: b**n *j*r mnm*l C*n/ *r=@ dpl*j*r@@* =nt=k mn/=*@* komptn@ d*@*r Kmbl*j*r*n brb*@@ komptn@:pmbl*j*r*n C*n/ mn@C*r*tk*n dr=m=@k*nnC* @c*r* jl*@ komptn@ C*n/ *r=@dmlk *t*= dt*mplk*n ol @@* @tl* mn/k=t k/*t*n pmbl*j*r*n.Kndk*t*n r*rk@: @tr*t/ pn/mb*n/*n m*tr pokok brd*@*rk*n *t*@pnjnj*n/*n m*tr pokok.Pndk*t*n pro@d=r*l: @tr*t/ pn/mb*n/*n m*tr pokokbrd*@*rk*n *t*@ =r=t*n pnCl@**n @=*t= t=/*@ pmbl*j*r*n.Pndk*t*n @pr*l:

@tr*t/ pn/mb*n/*n m*tr pokok brd*@*rk*n *t*@ ln/k=p ln/k=n/*nD C*t= d*rln/k=p ln/k=n/*n C*n/ p*ln/ dk*t dn/*n @@* mn=j= k ln/k=p ln/k=n/*n C*n/lb j*=.Pndk*t*n trj*l* EbbdF: @tr*t/ pn/mb*n/*n pl*j*r*nD dn/*nmn//=n*k*n topk d*r bbr*p* m*t* pl*j*r*n C*n/ rl*n @b*/* ttk @ntr*lDd*n =b=n/*n *nt*r* tm* d*n @=b-tm* d*p*t d/*mb*rk*n @b*/* @b=* j*l* EbbF./*t*n pmbl*j*r*n: Kn=nj=kk*n *ktt*@ bl*j*r C*n/ dl*k=k*n @@* d*l*mbrntr*k@ dn/*n objk *t*= @=mbr bl*j*r. /*t*n pmbl*j*r*n d*p*t dpl@@=* dn/*n komptn@nC*D d*p*t dprol d d*l*m kl*@ d*n d l=*r kl*@.9nt=knC* d*p*t br=p* k/*t*n mndmon@tr*@k*nD mmpr*ktkk*nD mn@m=l*@k*nDmn/*d*k*n k@prmnD mn/*n*l@@D mn/*plk*@k*nD mnm=k*nD mn/*m*tDmnltD mnl**D dll.D C*n/ b=k*n k/*t*n ntr*k@ /=r=-@@* @prtmndn/*rk*n =r**n /=r=D brd@k=@ d b** bmbn/*n /=r=D dll.R*n* *kt:*@pk C*n/ brk*t*n dn/*n pr*@**nD mo@D @k*pD dr*j*t pnrm**n *t*=pnol*k*n tr*d*p @=*t= obCk.R*n* ko/nt: *@pk C*n/ brk*t*n dn/*nkm*mp=*n brpkrS km*mp=*n mmprol pn/t*=*nS km*mp=*n C*n/ brk*t*ndn/*n pmrol*n pn/t*=*nD pn/n*l*nD pm**m*nD kon@pt=*l@*@D pnnt=*nDd*n pn*l*r*n.R*n* p@komotor: *@pk C*n/ brk*t*n dn/*n km*mp=*n ml*k=k*npkrj**n dn/*n mlb*tk*n *n//ot* b*d*nS km*mp=*n C*n/ brk*t*n dn/*n /r*k@k. Rl*n@: ktrk*t*nD k@@=**n. @l*b=@: @=@=n*n tr*t=r m*tr pokokm*t* pl*j*r*n trtnt= p*d* kl*@J@m@tr trtnt=.t*nd*r komptn@: km*mp=*nC*n/ d*p*t dl*k=k*n *t*= dt*mplk*n =nt=k @*t= m*t* pl*j*r*nS komptn@ d*l*mm*t* pl*j*r*n trtnt= C*n/ *r=@ dmlk ol @@*S km*mp=*n C*n/ *r=@dmlk ol l=l=@*n d*l*m @=*t= m*t* pl*j*r*n.tr*t/ pmbl*j*r*n: dm*k@=dk*n@b*/* bnt=kJpol* =m=m k/*t*n pmbl*j*r*n C*n/ *k*n dl*k@*n*k*nL*mpr*n ;6+6R 66 5R6 OP5R6ION6LP66 P5N)88N6N 6N6R OKP55NI 6NOKP55NI 66R6N6R OKP55NIonto:mndn@k*n mn/dntk*@k*n

mnC=@=nmnr*pk*n mn/n*lmn/kon@tr=k@k*n

mnCl@*k*nOKP55NI 66Ronto:mn/dntk*@k*nmndmon@tr*@k*n mmb=*tmn=nj=kk*n mn*@rk*n

mnrjm*k*nmmb*c* mnr*pk*nmr=m=@k*nmn/t=n/ mncrt*k*nmnCl@*k*nmn//*mb*rk*n mn//=n*k*n mn/*n*l@@

ml**lk*n mnnt=k*n mn@nt@@mn/=c*pk*nmnC=@=n mn/*l=*@mmbd*k*n mnCmp=lk*n

55R6NG6N:*t= k*t* krj* trtnt=D @prt mn/dntk*@k*nDd*p*t dp*k* b*k p*d* @t*nd*r komptn@ m*=p=n komptn@ d*@*rS prbd**nnC*trlt*k b** p*d* @t*nd*r komptn@ c*k=p*nnC* lb l=*@ d*rp*d* p*d*komptn@ d*@*r.*t= b=tr @t*nd*r komptn@ d*p*t dpc* mnj*d bbr*p* b=trkomptn@ d*@*r.*t= b=tr komptn@ d*@*rD n*ntnC* *r=@ dpc* mnj*dmnm*l ; Indk*tor Pnc*p**n [email protected]*nd*r komptn@ d*n komptn@ d*@*r

bl=m mm=*t *t*= b=k*n mr=p*k*n Indk*tor Pnc*p**n omptn@.


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l*b=@ P5K95L66R6Nkol* : .................................l*@ : AIIE=j=FK*t* Pl*j*r*n : K*tm*tk*m@tr : I E@*t=F9IL6NG6N t*nd*romptn@ : B. Km**m @*t-@*t opr*@ t=n/ bl*n/*n d*n pn//=n**nnC*d*l*m pmc**n m*@*l*omptn@ *@*r#K*trPmbl*j*r*n#/*t*n Pmbl*j*r*n#Indk*tor Pnc*p**n omptn@#Pnl**n#6lok*@Q*kt=#=mbr9l*j*r######knk#9nt=k #onto In@tr=mn####Kl*k=k*n opr*@ t=n/ bl*n/*nb=l*t d*n pc**n#9l*n/*n 9=l*t d*n 9l*n/*n Pc*#Kl*k=k*n d@k=@ tnt*n/jn@-jn@ bl*n/*n b=l*t Epn/=l*n/*nFKnCb=tk*n bl*n/*n b=l*t

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kp*d* No*n @b*nC*k B3 b=tr. 9r*p*k* b*nC*k @m=* klrn/ C*n/ dbrk*n*ndr* kp*d* 6*nD )=d*D d*n No*n?#;&1 mnt#####Kl*k=k*n d@k=@ c*r*mn//=n*k*n opr*@ t=n/ t*mb*D k=r*n/D k*l *t*= b*/ d*l*m mnCl@*k*nm*@*l* @*r-*r C*n/ brk*t*n dn/*n pc**n.#Kn//=n*k*n @*t-@*t opr*@t=n/ t*mb*D k=r*n/D k*lD *t*= b*/ dn/*n mlb*tk*n pc**n @rt*mn/*tk*nnC* d*l*m kj*d*n @*r-*r.#@ trt=l@#8r**n#*l*m @b=* k*r=n/br*@ *d* ; k/ br*@ C*n/ *k*n db*/k*n kp*d* B or*n/. 9r*p* k/ br*@ b*/*nd*r m*@n/-m*@n/ or*n/ tr@b=t?#1&1 mnt###*r*ktr @@* C*n/ d*r*pk*n :

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l*b=@ P5K95L66R6Nkol* : .................................l*@ : AIIE=j=FK*t* Pl*j*r*n : K*tm*tk*m@tr : I E@*t=F6L696R t*nd*romptn@: ;. Km**m bnt=k *lj*b*rD pr@*m**n d*n prtd*k@*m**n ln*r @*t=*r*blomptn@ *@*r#K*trPmbl*j*r*n#/*t*n Pmbl*j*r*n #Indk*torPnc*p**n omptn@ #Pnl**n#6lok*@Q*kt=#=mbr9l*j*r######knk#9nt=k#onto In@tr=mn####;.B Kn/n*l bnt=k *lj*b*r d*n=n@=r =n@=rnC*#9nt=k *lj*b*r#Knd@k=@k*n pn/rt*n bnt=k *lj*b*rKnd@k=@k*ntnt*n/ *r*blD kon@t*nt*D ko@nD*ktorD @=k= d*n @=k= @jn@#Knjl*@k*n

pn/rt*nD ko@nD *r*blD kon@t*nt*D *ktor D @=k= d*n @=k= @jn@.#@l@*n#*t*r prt*nC**n#B. *r bnt=k *lj*b*r ;& V 3D m*n*k* C*n/ mr=p*k*nko@nD *r*bl d*n m*n*k* C*n/ mr=p*k*n kon@t*nt*?;. l*@k*n *p* C*n/dm*k@=d dn/*n ko@nD *r*bl d*n kon@t*nt*.#;&1 mnt#9=k= k@Dln/k=n/*n##;.; Kl*k=k*n opr*@ p*d* bnt=k *lj*b*r#9nt=k *lj*b*r#Kl*k=k*nopr*@ t*mb*D k=r*n/D k*lD b*/ d*n p*n/k*t p*d* bnt=k *lj*b*r.#Kl*k=k*nopr*@ t=n/D t*mb*D k=r*n/D k*lD b*/ d*n p*n/k*t p*d* bnt=k *lj*b*r.#@trt=l@#8r**n#7t=n/l*:B. ;&V3V &-!;. 1&C # 5K95 5q=*ton.3 ### ;&3. E1&F; :; 5K95 5q=*ton.3 ####1&1 mnt#9=k= tk@D ln/k=n/*n####Kn//=n*k*n @*topr*@ t=n/ =nt=k mnCl@*k*n @o*l C*n/ dnC*t*k*n d*l*m bnt=k *lj*b*r.Kl*k=k*n opr*@ t=n/ p*d* pc**n b*@* =nt=kmnCl@*k*n pc**n *lj*b*rdn/*n pnCb=t @*t= @=k= #Knr*pk*n opr*@ t=n/ p*d* bnt=k *lj*b*r =nt=kmnCl@*k*n @o*l#@ trt=l@#8r**n#=*t= pr@/p*nj*n/D p*nj*n/ ;& cmD lb*r3& cm. NC*t*k*n l=*@ d*n klln/nC* d*l*m &.#;&1 mnt###;.3.KnCl-@*k*n pr-@*m**n ln*r @*t= *r*bl.#Pr@*m**n ln*r @*t= *r*bl.#Knd@k=@k*n PLAd*l*m brb*/* bnt=k d*n *r*bl# Knjl*@k*n PLA d*l*m brb*/* bnt=k d*n*r*bl#@ l@*n#*t*r prt*nC**n#K*n*k* C*n/ mr=p*k* PLA?;& W CH/ 1 WB! m W ;;& W B"#B&1 mnt#9=k= tk@####Knd@k=@k*n c*r* mnnt=k*n bnt=k @t*r* d*r PLA dn/*n c*r* kd=* r=*@ dt*mb*D dk=r*n/D dk*lk*nD *t*=db*/ dn/*n bl*n/*n C*n/ @*m* #Knnt=k*n bnt=k @t*r* d*r PLA dn/*n c*r*kd=* r=*@ dt*mb*Ddk=r*n/D dk*lk*n *t*= db*/ dn/*n bl*n/*n C*n/ @*m*#@trt=l@#Pl*n /*nd*#K*n*k* C*n/ @t*r* dn/*n -& V ; W 1?*. & ; W -1b.B& V 1 W "c. -B& 1 W "d. B& 1 W -"#;&1 mnt#####KnCl@*k*n PLA =nt=k mnc*r pnCl@**nnC*#Knnt=k*n pnCl@**n PLAKnnt=k*n pnCl@**n PLAd*l*m bnt=k pc**n.#@ trt=l@#8r**n#l@*k*nl* pr@*m**n brk=tC B; W".# 5K95 5q=*ton.3 ####;&1 mnt###;.1 KnCl-@*k*n pr-td*k@*m*-*n ln*r@*t= *r*bl.#Prtd*k@*m*- *n ln*r @*t= *r*bl.#Knd@k=@k*n prtd*k@*m**n

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#Kmb*/ @=d=t mnj*d ; @*m* b@*r#@ trt=l@#8r**n##n/*n pn//*r@ d*nj*n/k*D b*/l* @=d=t p*d* /*mb*r mnj*d ; b*/*n C*n/ @*m* b@*r#;&1 mnt#9=k=tk@D pn//*r@D j*n/k*####Kn//=n*k*n pn//*r@ d*n j*n/k* =nt=k ml=k@ @=d=t3D 1D B;D d*n B. #Kl=k@ @=d=t 3D 1D B;D d*n B.#@ trt=l@#8r**n#n/*n pn//*r@ d*n j*n/k*D l=k@l* @=d=t C*n/ b@*rnC*B.#;&1 mnt###*r*ktr @@* C*n/ d*r*pk*n : @pln E @cpln FR*@*orm*t d*n pr*t*n E r@pct Fk=n E dl/nc F *n//=n/ j**b E r@pon@bltCF##


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dkt*=.#Kn//*mb*r /r*k /*r@ l=r=@#@ trt=l@#8r**n#G*mb*rl* /*r@ l=r=@dn/*n pr@*m**n C W ;& - 1#1&1mnt###*r*ktr @@* C*n/ d*r*pk*n : @pln E@cpln FR*@* orm*t d*n pr*t*n E r@pct Fk=n E dl/nc F *n//=n/ j**bE r@pon@bltC F##


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l*b=@ P5K95L66R6Nkol* : .................................l*@ : AIIIEl*p*nFK*t* Pl*j*r*n : K*tm*tk*m@tr : I E@*t=Ft*nd*r omptn@ : ;.Km**m @@tm pr@*m**n ln*r d=* *r*bl d*n mn//=n*k*nnC* d*l*m pmc**nm*@*l*omptn@*@*r#K*trPmbl*j*r*n#/*t*n Pmbl*j*r*n #Indk*torPnc*p**n omptn@ #Pnl**n#6lok*@Q*kt=#=mbr9l*j*r######knk#9nt=k#onto In@tr=mn####;.B KnCl-@*k*n @@-tm pr@*-m**n ln-*r d=* *-r*bl#@tm Pr@*m**n Ln*r =* *r*bl#Knd@k=@k*npn/rt*n PLA d*n PLA#KnCb=tk*n prbd**n PLA d*n PLA #@

l@*n#8r**n#Pr*tk*n bnt=k 1& V ; C W ; & ;C W 1*. 6p*k* mr=p*k*n @@tm pr@*m**n?b. 6d* br*p* *r*bl?c.6p* *r*blnC*?d. @b=t *p*k* bnt=k tr@b=t?#;&1mnt#9=k= tk@ d*n

ln/k=n/*n####Kn/dntk*@ PLA d*l*m brb*/* bnt=k d*n *r*bl#Knjl*@k*nPLA d*l*m brb*/* bnt=k d*n *r*bl#@ trt=l@#I@*n @n/k*t#K*n*k* C*n/mr=p*k*n PLA?1& V ;C W ; & ;C W 11& V ;C #dX # #;## # ## #;#C# #W# #1##c#.# # # #1# #V# #;#C# #># # #;## # ## #;#C# #W# #1##1# #V# #;#C# ###;# #W# ### # ## #;#C# ## #1# #W#####;###m#n#t###########K##n#C##l##@#*##k#*#n# ##P#L##A# #d##n#/#*#n##c#*#r#*# #@#=#b#@#t##t#=#@## #d#*#n# ##l##m##n#*#@####K##n##n#t#=#k#*#n##*#k#*#r# ##P#L##A# #d##n#/#*#n# #@#=#b#@#t##t#=#@## #d#*#n###l##m##n#*#@######@# #t##r#t#=#l##@###8#r#*##*#n#####l##@#*##k#*#n###P#L##A# #b##r##k#=#t# ##n##:##3# # ;C W -B-& V 3C W B;#;&1mnt###;.;Kmb=*t m*-tm*tk* d*r m*@*-l* C*n/ brk*t*n dn/*n @@tm pr-@*m**n ln*rd=* *r*bl#@tm Pr@*m**n Ln*r =* A*r*bl#Kn/=b* m*@*l* @*r-*r kd*l*m m*tm*tk* brbnt=k PLA#Kmb=*t m*tm*tk* d*r m*@*l* @*r-*r C*n/brk*t*n dn/*n PLA#@ trt=l@#8r**n#7*r/* 1 pn@l d*n b=k= t=l@ RpBHD @d*n/k*n *r/* 3 pn@l d*n 1 b=k= t=l@ RpB D. =l@l*m*tm*tk*nC*. #;&1mnt###;.3 KnCl-@*k*n mo-dl m*t-m*tk* d*r m*@*l* C*n/br-k*t*n dn/*n @@tm pr-@*m**n ln*r d=* *r*bl d*n pn*-@r*nnC*#@tmPr@*m**n Ln*r =* A*r*bl#Knc*r pnCl@**n @=*t= m*@*l* C*n/ dnC*t*k*nd*l*m m*tm*tk* d*l*m bnt=k PLA#KnCl@*k*n m*tm*tk* d*r m*@*l* C*n/brk*t*n dn/*n @@tm pr@*m**n ln*r d=* *r*bl d*n pn*@r*nnC*#@trt=l@#8r**n#l@*k*n PLA brk=t: ;& V 3C W " & - ;C WB#;&1mnt#####Kn//=n*k*n /r*k /*r@ l=r=@ =nt=k mnCl@*k*n m*tm*tk* C*n/brk*t*n dn/*n PLA d*n mn*@rk*n *@lnC*#KnCl@*k*n PLA dn/*nmn//=n*k*n /r*k /*r@ l=r=@#@ trt=l@#8r**n#l@*k*n PLA 1& V C W BH 3&

V 1C W B dn/*n mn//=n*k*n /r*k /*r@ l=r=@ d*n mr=p*k*n *p*k* *@lnC*?#1&1mnt###*r*ktr @@* C*n/ d*r*pk*n : @pln E @cpln FR*@* orm*td*n pr*t*n E r@pct Fk=n E dl/nc F *n//=n/ j**b E r@pon@bltC F##


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l*b=@ P5K95L66R6Nkol* : .................................l*@ : AIIIEl*p*nFK*t* Pl*j*r*n : K*tm*tk*m@tr : I E@*t=FG5OK5RI 6N P5NG88R6Nt*nd*r omptn@ : 3. Kn//=n*k*n orm* PCt*/or*@ d*l*m pmc**n m*@*l*omptn@*@*r#K*trPmbl*j*r*n#/*t*n Pmbl*j*r*n#Indk*tor Pnc*p**nomptn@ #Pnl**n#6lok*@Q*kt=#=mbr 9l*j*r######knk#9nt=k#ontoIn@tr=mn####3.B Kn//=-n*k*n orm* PCt*/o-r*@ =nt=k mnnt=-k*n p*n-j*n/ @@-@@ @/-t/* @k=-@k=. #orm* PCt*/or*@#Knm=k*n orm* PCt*/or*@ dn/*nmn//=n*k*n pr@/-pr@/.#Knm=k*n orm* PCt*/or*@ #@ trt=l@#8r**n

#P*nj*n/ @@ @k=-@k= @=*t= @/t/* *d*l* * cm d*n b cmD d*n p*nj*n/ @@mrn/ c cm. =l@k*n =b=n/*n *nt*r* *D bD d*n c.#;&1mnt#9=k= tk@D krt*@brpt*kD PCt*/or*@####Kn=l@k*n r=m=@ orm* PCt*/or*@ p*d* @/t/* @k=-@k=.#Kn/t=n/ p*nj*n/ @@ @/t/* @k=-@k= jk* d=* @@ l*n dkt*=.#@trt=l@#8r**n#P*nj*n/ @*l* @*t= @@ @/t/* @k=-@k= B; cmD d*n p*nj*n/ @@mrn/nC* B3 cm. 7t=n/l* p*nj*n/ @@ @k=-@k= C*n/ l*n.#;&1mnt#####Knr*pk*norm* PCt*/or*@ p*d* @/t/* @k=-@k= dn/*n @=d=t @tm*#Kn/t=n/prb*ndn/*n @@ @@ @/t/* @k=-@k= @tm* E@*l* @*t= @=d=tnC* 3D 1D!F#@ trt=l@#8r**n#/t/* 69 @k=-@k= d 9. =d=t 6 W 3 d*n p*nj*n/ 6W ! cm. 7t=n/l* p*nj*n/ @@ 69 d*n 9.#1&1mnt###3.; Kmc*-k*n m*@*-l* p*d*b*n/=n d*t*r C*n/ brk*t*n dn/*n orm* PCt*/o-r*@.#orm* PCt*/or*@#Knc*rprb*ndn/*n @@-@@ @/t/* @k=-@k= @tm* dn/*n mn//=n*k*n torm*PCt*/or*@ #Kn/t=n/ prb*ndn/*n @@-@@ @/t/* @k=-@k= @tm*#@trt=l@#8r**n#=*t= @/t/* 69 @k=-@k= d 9 dn/*n b@*r @=d=t 6 W 3D d*np*nj*n/ 69Wc cm7t=n/ p*nj*n/ @@-@@ 9 d*n 6.#;&1mnt#####Kn//=n*k*n torm*PCt*/or*@ =nt=k mn/t=n/ p*nj*n/ d*/on*lD @@D p*d* b*n/=n d*t*rD m@*lpr@/D pr@/p*nj*n/D bl*- kt=p*tD d@b#Kn/t=n/ p*nj*n/ d*/on*l p*d*b*n/=n d*t*rD m@*l pr@/D pr@/p*nj*n/D bl*- kt=p*tD d@b#@trt=l@#8r**n#Pr@/p*nj*n/ mmp=nC* p*nj*n/ " cm d*n lb*r ! cm. 7t=n/l*p*nj*n/ d*/on*lnC*.#!&1mnt###*r*ktr @@* C*n/ d*r*pk*n : @plnE @cpln FR*@* orm*t d*n pr*t*n E r@pct Fk=n E dl/nc F *n//=n/j**b E r@pon@bltC F##Kn/t*=Dp*l* KPJK@ .E ......................................................... FNIPJNI: .. .##.........D ......D ............... ;...G=r= K*pl K*tm*tk*. E ............................................ FNIPJNI : . .##


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l*b=@ P5K95L66R6Nkol* : .................................l*@ : AIIIEl*p*nFK*t* Pl*j*r*n : K*tm*tk*m@tr : II Ed=*FG5OK5RI 6N P5NG88R6Nt*nd*r omptn@ : 1. Knnt=k*n =n@=rD b*/*n ln/k*r*n @rt* =k=r*nnC*omptn@*@*r#K*trPmbl*j*r*n#/*t*n Pmbl*j*r*n #Indk*tor Pnc*p**nomptn@ #Pnl**n#6lok*@Q*kt=#=mbr 9l*j*r######knk#9nt=k#ontoIn@tr=mn####1.B Knnt= k*n =n@=r d*n b*/*n-b*/*nln/k*r*n#Ln/k*r*n#Knd@k=@k*n =n@=r-=n@=r d*n b*/*n-b*/*n ln/k*r*n dn/*nmn//=n*k*n modl#KnCb=tk*n =n@=r-=n@=r d*n b*/*n-b*/*n ln/k*r*n : p=@*t

ln/k*r*nD j*r-j*rD d*mtrD b=@=rD t*lb=@=rD j=rn/ d*n tmbrn/.#@l@*n#*t*r prt*nC**n## @b=t *p*k* r=*@ /*r@# 5K95 5q=*ton.3 ###?#;&1mnt#9=k= tk@D ln/k*r*nD d*n ln/k=n/*n##1.;Kn/t=n/ klln/ d*n l=*@ ln/k*r*n#Ln/k*r*n#KnCmp=lk*n nl* p dn/*nmn//=n*k*n bnd* C*n/ brbnt=k ln/k*r*n.#Knm=k*n nl* p #8nj=k krj*#@=j ptk krj*#8k=rl* klln/ EF @b=* bnd* brbnt=k ln/k*r*n d*n j=/*d*mtrnC* EdF. 9r*p*k* nl* # 5K95 5q=*ton.3 ####;&1mnt#####Knm=k*nr=m=@ klln/ d*n l=*@ ln/k*r*n dn/*n mn//=n*k*n *l*t pr*/*#Knnt=k*n r=m=@klln/ d*n l=*@ ln/k*r*n#@ l@*n#*t*r Prt*nC**n#b=tk*n r=m=@ klln/ln/k*r*n C*n/ brj*r-j*r p.b=tk*n r=m=@ l=*@ ln/k*r*n C*n/ brj*r-j*rq.#1&1mnt#####Kn//=n*k*n r=m=@ klln/ d*n l=*@ ln/k*r*n d*l*m pmc**nm*@*l*.#Kn/t=n/ klln/ d*n l=*@ ln/k*r*n.#@ trt=l@#8r**n#7t=n/l* l=*@ln/k*r*n jk* =k=r*n j*r-j*rnC* B1 cm.#1&1mnt###1.3 Kn//=n*-k*n =-b=n/*n @=-d=t p=@*tD p*nj*n/ b=@=rD l=*@ j=rn/ d*-l*m pm-c**nm*@*l*.#Ln/k*r*n#Kn/*m*t =b=n/*n @=d=t p=@*t d*n @=d=t klln/ C*n/ mn/*d*pb=@=r C*n/ @*m* #Knjl*@k*n =b=n/*n @=d=t p=@*t d*n @=d=t klln/ jk* mn/*d*pb=@=r C*n/ @*m*#@ trt=l@#I@*n @n/k*t#k* @=d=t 6 *d*l* @=d=t p=@*t d*n@=d=t 9 *d*l* @=d=t klln/D @b=tk*n =b=n/*n *nt*r* @=d=t 6 d*n @=d=t 9 jk*kd=* @=d=t t= mn/*d*p b=@=r C*n/ @*m*.#;&1mnt#####Kn/t=n/ b@*r @=d=tklln/ jk* mn/*d*p d*mtr *t*= b=@=r C*n/ @*m*.#Knnt=k*n b@*r @=d=tklln/ jk* mn/*d*p d*mtr d*n b=@=r C*n/ @*m*.#@ l@*n#*t*rPrt*nC**n#9r*p* b@*r @=d=t klln/ jk* mn/*d*p d*mtr ln/k*r*n?#;&1mnt#####Kn/t=n/ p*nj*n/ b=@=rD l=*@ j=rn/ d*n tmbrn/.#Knnt=k*np*nj*n/ b=@=rD l=*@ j=rn/ d*n l=*@ tmbrn/.#@ trt=l@#8r**n# d*l*mln/k*r*n dn/*n j*r-j*r B; cmD trd*p*t @=d=t p=@*t C*n/ b@*rnC* H7t=n/l*:*. P*nj*n/ b=@=r kcl b. l=*@ j=rn/ kcl#1&1mnt#####Knm=k*n=b=n/*n @=d=t p=@*tD p*nj*n/ b=@=rD l=*@ j=rn/ d*n mn//=n*k*nnC* d*l*m pmc**n

m*@*l*#Kn//=n*k*n =b=n/*n @=d=t p=@*tD p*nj*n/ b=@=rD l=*@ j=rn/ d*l*mpmc**n m*@*l*#@ trt=l@#8r**n#or*n/ *n*k *r=@ mn=m t*blt C*n/brbnt=k ln/k*r*n. k* *n*k tr@b=t *r=@ mn=m BJ3 t*blt t= d*n trnC*t*j*r-j*r t*blt DM cm. 9r*p*k* l=*@ t*blt C*n/ dmn=m?#1&1mnt###1.1Kn/t=n/ p*nj*n/ /*r@ @n//=n/ pr@k=t=*n d=* ln/k*r*n#Ln/k*r*n#Kn/*m*t@*t @=d=t C*n/ dbnt=k ol /*r@ @n//=n/ d*n /*r@ C*n/ ml*l= ttkp=@*t.#Knm=k*n @*t @=d=t C*n/ dbnt=k ol /*r@ @n//=n/ d*n /*r@ C*n/ml*l= ttk p=@*t.#@ trt=l@#8r**n#Pr*tk*n /*mb*rU#9r*p*k* b@*r @=d=t P?l*@k*nU#;&1mnt#####Kncrm*t /*r@ @n//=n/ pr@k=t=*nd*l*m d*n pr@k=t=*n l=*r d=* ln/k*r*n#Knjl*@k*n /*r@ @n//=n/ pr@k=t=*nd*l*m d*n pr@k=t=*n l=*r d=* ln/k*r*n.#@ trt=l@#I@*n @n/k*t##Pr*tk*n/*mb*rU @b=t *p*k*:*F /*r@ 69? bF /*r@ L?#;&1mnt#####Kn/t=n/ p*nj*n/ /*r@ @n//=n/ pr@k=t=*n d*l*m d*n pr@k=t=*n

l=*r d=* ln/k*r*n#Knnt=k*n p*nj*n/ /*r@ @n//=n/ pr@k=t=*n d*l*m d*npr@k=t=*n l=*r#@ trt=l@#8r**n#P*nj*n/ j*r-j*r d=* ln/k*r*n m*@n/-m*@n/Mcm d*n Bcm. k* j*r*k *nt*r* ttk p=@*tnC* BcmD br*p*k* p*nj*n/ /*r@@n//=n/:pr@k=t=*n d*l*mpr@k=t=*n l=*r#1&1mnt###1. Kl=k@ ln/k*r*n d*l*md*n ln/k*r*n l=*r @=*t= @/t/*#Ln/k*r*n#Kn//=n*k*n j*n/k* d*n pn//*r@ =nt=kml=k@ ln/k*r*n d*l*m d*n ln/k*r*n l=*r @/t/* #Kl=k@ ln/k*r*n d*l*m d*nln/k*r*n l=*r @/t/*#@ trt=l@#8r**n#n/*n mn//=n*k*n j*n/k* d*npn//*r@D l=k@l* ln/k*r*n:d*l*m @=*t= @/t/*l=*r @=*t=@/t/*#1&1mnt###*r*ktr @@* C*n/ d*r*pk*n : @pln E @cpln FR*@*orm*t d*n pr*t*n E r@pct Fk=n E dl/nc F *n//=n/ j**b E r@pon@bltCF##


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l*b=@ P5K95L66R6Nkol* : .................................l*@ : AIIIEl*p*nFK*t* Pl*j*r*n : K*tm*tk*m@tr : II Ed=*Ft*nd*r omptn@ : .Km**m @*t-@*t k=b=@D b*lokD pr@m*D lm*@D d*n b*/*n-b*/*nnC*D @rt*mnnt=k*n =k=r*nnC*omptn@ *@*r#K*trPmbl*j*r*n#/*t*n Pmbl*j*r*n#Indk*tor Pnc*p**n omptn@#Pnl**n#6lok*@Q*kt=#=mbr9l*j*r######knk#9nt=k#onto In@tr=mn####.B Kn/dntk*@ @*t-@*tk=b=@D b*-lokD pr@m* d*n lm*@ @rt* b*/*n-b*/*nnC*.#=b=@D b*lokD pr@m* t/*kDlm*@#Knd@k=@k*n =n@=r-=n@=r k=b=@D b*lokD pr@m* d*n lm*@ dn/*n mn//=n*k*n

modl#KnCb=tk*n =n@=r-=n@=r k=b=@D b*lokD pr@m*D d*n lm*@ : r=@=kD bd*n/ @@Dd*/on*l bd*n/D d*/on*l r=*n/D bd*n/ d*/on*l.#@ trt=l@#*t*r prt*nC**n##Q A 8 R P TPr*tk*n b*lokPTR-8AQ.b=tk*n r=@=k-r=@=k t/*knC*Ub=tk*n d*/on*l r=*n/nC*Ub=tk*n bd*n/*l*@ d*n *t*@nC*U#;&1mnt#9=k= tk@D ln/k=n/*nD b*n/=n r=*n/ @@ d*t*r Ep*d*t d*nkr*n/k*F##.; Kmb=*t j*rn/-j*rn/ k=-b=@D b*lokD pr@m* d*n lm*@#=b=@D b*lokDpr@m* t/*kD lm*@#Kr*nc*n/ j*rn/-j*rn/k=b=@b*lokpr@m* t/*klm*@#Kmb=*tj*rn/-j*rn/k=b=@b*lokpr@m* t/*klm*@#8nj=k krj* #@ =j ptk krj* #n/*nmn//=n*k*n k*rton m*nl*D b=*tl* modl:b*lokk=b=@lm*@#1&1mnt###.3 Kn/-t=n/l=*@ prm=k**n d*n ol=-m k=b=@D b*lokD pr@-m* d*n lm*@#=b=@D b*lokD pr@m*t/*kD lm*@#Knc*r r=m=@ l=*@ prm=k**n k=b=@D b*lokD lm*@ d*n pr@m* t/*k#Knm=k*n r=m=@ l=*@ prm=k**n k=b=@D b*lokD lm*@ d*n pr@m* t/*k#@l@*n#*t*r prt*nC**n#B.b=tk*n r=m=@ l=*@ prm=k**n k=b=@ jk* r=@=knC* & cm.;.b=tk*n r=m=@ l=*@ prm=k**n pr@m* C*n/ *l*@nC* j*j*r/nj*n/ dn/*n p*nj*n/ *l*@* cm d*n tn//nC* b cm. n// pr@m* t cm.#1&1mnt#####Kn//=n*k*n r=m=@ =nt=kmn/t=n/ l=*@ prm=k**n k=b=@D b*lokD pr@m* d*n lm*@.#Kn/t=n/ l=*@prm=k**n k=b=@D b*lokD pr@m* d*n lm*@#@ trt=l@#8r**n#=*t= pr@m* t/*k@@ t/* p*nj*n/ r=@=k *l*@nC* ! cm d*n tn//nC* " cm. 7t=n/l* l=*@ prm=k**npr@m*.#1&1mnt#####Knc*r r=m=@ ol=m k=b=@D b*lokD pr@m*D lm*@.#Knnt=k*nr=m=@ ol=m k=b=@D b*lokD pr@m*D lm*@#@ l@*n#*t*r Prt*nC**n#B. b=tk*nr=m=@ ol=m: *F k=b=@ dn/*n p*nj*n/ r=@=k & cm. bF b*lok dn/*n p*nj*n/ pcmDlb*r lcmD d*n tn// t cm.#;&1mnt#####Kn//=n*k*n r=m=@ =nt=k mn/t=n/ ol=mk=b=@D b*lokD pr@m*D lm*@.#Kn/t=n/ ol=m k=b=@D b*lokD pr@m*D lm*@.#@trt=l@#@ pl*n /*nd*#=*t= lm*@ t/*k @@-1 *l*@nC* br=p* pr@/ dn/*np*nj*n/ @@ H cm. k* tn// lm*@ " cm m*k* ol=m lm*@ :;! cm;B! cm;!B cm!1"cm#!&1mnt###*r*ktr @@* C*n/ d*r*pk*n : @pln E @cpln FR*@* orm*t

d*n pr*t*n E r@pct Fk=n E dl/nc F *n//=n/ j**b E r@pon@bltC F##Kn/t*=Dp*l* KPJK@ .E ......................................................... FNIPJNI: .. .##.........D ......D ............... ;...G=r= K*pl K*tm*tk*. E ............................................ FNIPJNI : . .##


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l*b=@ P5K95L66R6Nkol* : .................................l*@ : I\Embl*nFK*t* Pl*j*r*n : K*tm*tk*m@tr : I E@*t=FG5OK5RI 6NP5NG88R6N t*nd*r omptn@ : B. Km**m k@b*n/=n*n b*n/=n d*t*r d*npn//=n**nnC* d*l*m pmc**n m*@*l*omptn@ *@*r#K*trPmbl*j*r*n#/*t*nPmbl*j*r*n #Indk*tor Pnc*p**n omptn@ #Pnl**n#6lok*@Q*kt=#=mbr9l*j*r######knk#9nt=k#onto In@tr=mn####B.B Kn/dn tk*@ b*n/=n-b*n/=nd*t*r C*n/ @b*n/=n d*n kon/r=n#@b*n/=n-*n#Knd@k=@k*n d=* b*n/=n C*n/@b*n/=n *t*= kon/r=n ml*l= b*n/=n d*t*r#Knd@k=@k*n d=* b*n/=n C*n/ @b*n/=n

*t*= kon/r=n ml*l= b*n/=n d*t*r#@ trt=l@#8r**n#9*n/=n-b*n/=n m*n*k* C*n/@b*n/=n d*n m*n*k* C*n/ kon/r=n? Kn/*p*?# B ; 31 !#;&1 mnt#9=k= tk@D ln/k=n/*nD b*n/=nd*t*r d*r k**t *t*= k*rton####Kn/dntk*@k*n d=* b*n/=n d*t*r @b*n/=n *t*=kon/r=n#Kn/dntk*@k*n d=* b*n/=n d*t*r @b*n/=n *t*= kon/r=n#@trt=l@#*t*r prt*nC**n#6p*k* kd=* b*n/=n brk=t n kon/r=n? Kn/*p*?##;&1 mnt###B.; Kn/dntk*@ @*t-@*t d=* @/-t/* @b*-n/=n d*nkon/r=n#@b*n/=n-*n#Kncrm*t prbd**n d=* @/t/* @b*n/=n *t*= kon/r=n#Kmbd*k*n pn/rt*n @b*n/=n d*n kon/r=n d=* @/t/*.#@ l@*n#*t*rprt*nC**n#*l*= ################################################# #6#9###@##b#*#n#/#=#n# #d##n#/#*#n# # #P#T#R#D# #*#p#*#k#*###@##@##-#@##@###C#*#n#/# #b##r#@##@#=#*##*#n# #@#*#m#*# #p#*#n#j#*#n#/#?##@#=#d#=#t#-#@#=#d#=#t# #C#*#n#/# #b##r#@##@#=#*##*#n# #@#*#m#*# #b##@#*#r#?###*#l#*#=##d#=#*# #@##/##t##/#*# #k#o#n#/#r#=##n#D# #*#p#*#k#*## #d#=#*##@##/##t##/#*# #t##r#@##b#=#t# #t##n#t#=# #@##b#*#n#/#=#n#?###;####m##n##t###9#=#k#=# #t##k#@#D# #l##n#/#k#=#n#/#*#n#D# #b#*#n#/#=#n# #d#*#t#*#r##d#*#r## #k#*##*#t# #*#t#*#=##k#*#r#t#o#n#########K##n#/##d##n#t####k#*#@## #@###*#t#-#@###*#t##d#=#*# #@##/##t##/#*# #@##b#*#n#/#=#n# #d#*#n# #k#o#n#/#r#=##n#.######K##n#C##b#=#t#k#*#n# #@###*#t#-#@###*#t# #d#=#*# #@##/##t##/#*##@##b#*#n#/#=#n# #d#*#n# #k#o#n#/#r#=##n#.##.########@##t##r#t#=#l##@###I#@##*#n# ###@##n#/#k#*#t#####k##t#*##=## # #6#9###d#*#n# # #P#T#R#D# #@##b#*#n#/#=#n######## #5#K#9#5## #5#q#=#*#t##o#n#.#3# ##########=#d#=#t# #6# #W# #@#=#d#=#t# #4 .###;### #m##nt###B.3 Kn//=n*- k*nkon@p k@b*-n/=n*n @/t/* d*l*m pmc*-*n m*@*-l*#@b*n/=n*n#Kn/*m*tprb*ndn/*n @@-@@ d=* @/t/* C*n/ @b*n/=n d*n mn/t=n/ p*nj*n/nC*.#Knnt=k*n prb*ndn/*n @@-@@ d=* @/t/* C*n/ @b*n/=n d*n mn/t=n/

p*nj*n/nC*#@trt=l@#8r**n##################################################################################################################################################################################################################################X6#9###@##b#*#n#/#=#n# #d##n#/#*#n# ##XP#T#R#.##P#*#n#j#*#n#/# #6#9# #W# #1# #c#m#.####@## #C#*#n#/# #b##r#@##@#=#*##*#n# #d##n#/#*#n# #6#9# #*#d#*#l#*###@##@## #P#T#D# #d#*#n# #p#*#n#j#*#n#/# #P#T# #W# #!# #c#m#.# ###k#*##p#*#n#j#*#n#/# #@##@## #9## #W# ## #c#m#D# #m#*#k#*# #p#*#n#j#*#n#/# #@##@###T#R# #*#d#*#l#*## #4 .###1###m##n##t###9#=#k#=# #t##k#@#D##l##n#/#k#=#n#/#*#n#D# #b#*#n#/#=#n# #d#*#t#*#r# #d#*#r## #k#*##*#t# #*#t#*#=##k#*#r#t#o#n#########K##n#/#/#=#n#*k*n k@b*n/=n*n =nt=k mmc*k*n m*@*l*#Kmc*k*n m*@*l* C*n/ mlb*tk*n k@b*n/=n*n.#@ trt=l@#8r**n#b=* oto=k=r*n 3 \ 1 *k*n dprb@*r @n//* lb*r oto tr@b=t mnj*d ! cm. rt*@

oto C*n/ dprl=k*n =nt=k mmb=*t oto C*n/ dprb@*r tr@b=t *d*l*cm;.#1&1mnt###*r*ktr @@* C*n/ d*r*pk*n : @pln E @cpln FR*@*orm*t d*n pr*t*n E r@pct Fk=n E dl/nc F *n//=n/ j**b E r@pon@bltCF##


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l*b=@ P5K95L66R6Nkol* : .................................l*@ : I\Embl*nFK*t* Pl*j*r*n : K*tm*tk*m@tr : I E@*t=Ft*nd*romptn@ : ;. Km**m @*t-@*t t*b=n/D kr=c=t d*n bol*D @rt* mnnt=k*n=k=r*nnC*omptn@ *@*r#K*trPmbl*j*r*n#/*t*n Pmbl*j*r*n #Indk*torPnc*p**n omptn@#Pnl**n#6lok*@Q*kt=#=mbr9l*j*r######knk#9nt=k#onto In@tr=mn####;.B Kn/dntk*@ =n@=r-=n@=rt*b=n/D kr=c=t d*n bol*#*b=n/D kr=c=tD d*n bol*#Knd@k=@k*n =n@=r-=n@=rt*b=n/D kr=c=tD d*n bol* dn/*n mn//=n*k*n b*n/=n r=*n/ @@ ln/k=n/ Ekr*n/k*

d*n p*d*tF#KnCb=tk*n =n@=r-=n@=r: j*r-j*rJd*mtrD tn//D @@D *l*@ d*rt*b=n/D kr=c=t d*n bol*#@ trt=l@#8r**n##6r@rl* *l*@ kr=c=t G*mb*rl*tn// kr=c=t#;&1 mnt#9=k= tk@D ln/k=n/*nD b*n/=n r=*n/ @@ln/k=n/Ekr*n/k* d*n p*d*tF##;.; Kn/-t=n/ l=*@ @lm=t d*n ol=m t*b=n/Dkr=c=t d*n bol*#*b=n/D kr=c=tD d*n bol*#Knd@k=@k*n c*r* mn=r=nk*n r=m=@ l=*@@lm=t t*b=n/D kr=c=t d*n bol*Knnt=k*n l=*@ @lm=t t*b=n/D kr=c=tD d*nbol*.#Kn/t=n/ l=*@ @lm=t t*b=n/D kr=c=tD d*n bol*.#@ trt=l@#8r**n#B.b=* bol* brj*r-j*r B cm. 7t=n/l* l=*@ @lm=t bol* tr@b=t ;. b=*kr=c=t brj*r-j*r cm d*n tn/nC* B; cm . 7t=n/l* l=*@ @lm=tnC*#1&1mnt#9=k= tk@D ln/k=n/*nD b*n/=n r=*n/ @@ ln/k=n/Ekr*n/k* d*np*d*tF####Knc*r ol=m t*b=n/D kr=c=tD d*n bol*#Kn/t=n/ ol=m t*b=n/Dkr=c=t d*n bol*.#@ trt=l@#8r**n#b=* t*b=n/ j*r-j*r *l*@nC* B cm d*ntn// t*b=n/ 3 cm. 9r*p*k* ol=m t*b=n/ tr@b=t?#1&1 mnt#####Kn//=n*k*nr=m=@ ol=m =nt=k mn/t=n/ =n@=r-=n@=r t*b=n/D kr=c=t d*n bol* jk* ol=mnC*dkt*=.#Kn/t=n/ =n@=r-=n@=r t*b=n/D kr=c=t d*n bol* jk* ol=mnC*dkt*=#@ trt=l@#8r**n#b=* t*b=n/ ol=mnC* B1 cm3. 9r*p*k* j*r-j*rt*b=n/ tr@b=t?#1&1 mnt###;.3 Kmc*- k*n m*@*-l* C*n/ brk*t*n dn/*nt*b=n/D kr=c=t d*n bol*#*b=n/D kr=c=tD d*n bol*#Kmc*k*n m*@*l* C*n/brk*t*n dn/*n t*b=n/D kr=c=tDd*n bol* dn/*n mn//=n*k*n r=m=@ l=*@ d*n ol=m#Kn//=n*k*n r=m=@ l=*@ @lm=t d*n ol=m =nt=k mmc*k*n m*@*l* C*n/ brk*t*ndn/*n t*b=n/D kr=c=t d*n bol*.#@ trt=l@#8r**n#P*k *ndr* *k*n mmb=*t t*b=n/d*r k*ln/D C*n/ j*r-j*r *l*@nC* @*m* dn/*n 3 cm d*n tn//nC* B m. *ln/C*n/ dprl=k*n =nt=k mmb=*t t*b=n/ tr@b=t @b*nC*k . cm;.#1&1 mnt#9=k= tk@Dln/k=n/*nD b*n/=n r=*n/ @@ ln/k=n/Ekr*n/k* d*n p*d*tF##*r*ktr @@* C*n/d*r*pk*n : @pln E @cpln FR*@* orm*t d*n pr*t*n E r@pct Fk=nE dl/nc F *n//=n/ j**b E r@pon@bltC F##


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l*b=@ P5K95L66R6Nkol* : .................................l*@ : I\Embl*nFK*t* Pl*j*r*n : K*tm*tk*m@tr : I E@*t=F6II6 6NP5L86NG t*nd*r omptn@ : 3. Kl*k=k*n pn/ol**n d*n pnC*j*n d*t*omptn@*@*r#K*trPmbl*j*r*n#/*t*n Pmbl*j*r*n #Indk*tor Pnc*p**n omptn@#Pnl**n#6lok*@Q*kt=#=mbr 9l*j*r######knk#9nt=k#onto In@tr=mn####3.BKnnt=- k*n r*t*-r*t*D md*nD d*n mod=@ d*t* t=n/-/*l @rt* pn*@r*n-nC*#t*t@tk*#Kl*k=k*n pn/=mp=l*n d*t* dn/*n mn/=k=r d*n mnc*t*t d*t*Emn=r=@Jt*llCF dn/*n objk ln/k=n/*n#Kn/=mp=lk*n d*t* dn/*n mnc*c*D mn/=k=r

d*n mnc*t*t d*t* dn/*n t=r=@Jt*llC.#@ trt=l@#8r**n#Prol*n B; @@* *d*l*@b*-/* brk=t.1D !!D M;D "D M;D M!D M;D M!D M;D M!D !1D M!9=*tl* t*bl @kordn/*n [email protected]*p* b*nC*k @@* C*n/ mnd*p*t nl* M;?#;&1 mnt#9=k= tk@Dln/k=n/*n####Kn/dntk*@ d*t* brd*@*r =r=t*n#Kn/=r=tk*n d*t* t=n//*lDmn/n*l d*t* trkclD trb@*r d*n j*n/k*=*n d*t*.#@ trt=l@#8r**n#8m=r B@@* *d*l* @b*/* brk=t.!D !D BD HD MD "D BD !D "D H.*. 8r=tk*n =m=r k@p=l= @@* tr@b=t d*r C*n/ trkcl k C*n/ trb@*rb. 9r*p*k* @l@*nt*r* =m=r @@* C*n/ trm=d* d*n C*n/ trt=*#B&1 mnt#####Kl*k=k*n prt=n/*nr*t*-r*t*D md*nD mod=@ d*t* t=n//*l @rt* mn*@rk*n m*kn*nC*#Knnt=k*n r*t*-r*t*D md*nD mod=@ d*t* t=n//*l @rt* pn*@r*nnC*. #@ trt=l@#8r**n#7*@l=l*n/*n " @@* *d*l* @b*/* brk=t.MD !D !D D MD "D "D M.*. 7t=n/l* r*t*-r*t*D md*n d*n [email protected]. 6p*k* m*kn* nl* r*t*-r*t*D md*nD mod=@ tr@b=t?#&1 mnt###3.;.KnC*jk*n d*t* d*l*m bnt=k t*bl d*n d*/r*m b*t*n/D /*r@D d*nln/k*r*n#t*t@tk*#Kmb=*t t*blD d*/r*m b*t*n/D d*/r*m /*r@D d*n d*/r*mln/k*r*n d*r d*t* t=n//*l#KnC*jk*n d*t* t=n//*l d*l*m bnt=k t*blD d*/r*mb*t*n/D /*r@ d*n ln/k*r*n.#@ trt=l@Pn=/*@*n klompok#B.8r**n. ProCk#*.9rk=t n d*t* =m=r ; @@* KP 9n* *r=n* Ed*l*m t*=nF B3D B1D B3D B!DB3D B1D BD B!D B1D B3D B3. B!D BD B3D B1D BD B3D BD B3D B1. *jk*n d*t* d*t*@ d*l*m bnt=k t*bl d*n d*/r*m ln/k*r*n.b. *rl* d*t* jn@ pnC*kt p*d*p*@n p=@k@m*@ dk*t @kol* d*l*m @*t= *rU *jk*n d*t* tr@b=t d*l

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