BIOFUEL SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI MASA DEPAN

Seminar “Geothermal dan Biofuel sebagaiSumber Energi Masa Depan, Terbarukan, danRamah Lingkungan”

IMAM PARYANTOBalai Rekayasa Disain dan Sistem Teknologi(Engineering Center – BPPT)

Alamat :BRDST Gedung 480 Kawasam PUSPIPTEK Serpong

BPPT Gedung 1 Lantai 6, JL. M.H. Thamrin No 8Jakarta 10340, IndonesiaTelp. : 62-21-3915536/37, Fax. : 62-21-3915535Email address: imamp@webmail.bppt.go.id

1. PENDAHULUAN

Problem BBM Problem BBM dandan LingkunganLingkungan

S K E M A M O D E L P E N G U S A H A A N P A N A S B U M IS K E M A M O D E L P E N G U S A H A A N P A N A S B U M I

63% kebutuhan energy tergantung dari minyak bumiCadangan energi fosil terbatas40% konsumsi minyak diesel dipenuhi dari imporKenaikan harga minyak mentah dunia

KebijakanPemerintah yang Mendukung

MemproduksiMemproduksi BiofuelBiofuel daridari sumbersumberminyakminyak hayatihayati merupakanmerupakan salahsalahsatusatu solusisolusi permasalahanpermasalahan didi atasatas

daridari sisisisi Supply, Supply, PerbaikanPerbaikankualitaskualitas udaraudara dandan penciptaanpenciptaan

ekonomiekonomi kerakyatankerakyatan

Pencemaran udara telah mencapai tingkat yang mengkhawatirkan

Adanya standar emisi internasional (Euro)

Memiliki sumber hayatisebagai bahan baku BBN yang berlimpah

Data-data Litbang

Modifikasi mesinMemperbaiki kualitas bahan bakar

147130 billion ton19,3 billion ton57 billion tonCOAL

623.0 TSCF188 TSCF384.7 TSCFGas

18500 million barel9 billion barel86,9 billion barelOIL

RASIO CAD/PROD(TAHUN)

(tanpa ekslorasi)PRODUKSI(per tahun)

CADANGAN (PROVEN + POSSIBLE)

SUMBERENERGI FOSIL

3 GW u/ 11 tahun24.112 Ton*Uranium (Nuclear)

8,00 MW4,80 kWh/m2/hariSolar Power

302,40 MW49,81 GWBiomass

4.200,00 MW6.851,00 GWh75,67 GW845,00 juta BOEHydro Power

800,00 MW2.593,50 GWh27,00 GW219,00 juta BOEGeothermal

84,00 MW458,75 MW458,75 MWMini/Micro hydro

KAPASITAS TERPASANGPEMANFAATANSETARASUMBERENERGI NON-FOSIL

0,50 MW9,29 GWWind Power

* Only in Kalan – Kalbar area Sumber : Blue Print Pengelolaan Energi Nasional, ESDM

POTENSI ENERGI NASIONAL (2004)

KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR 2007(Data Pertamina)

VOLUMEKilo Liter

I. Subsidized Fuel 38,665,3971 Gasoline (premium) 17,929,8432 Kerosene 9,851,8143 HSD (ADO) 10,883,740

II. Non-subsidized Fuel 23,640,4001 Gasoline (Premium) 249,4482 Kerosene 46,674

3 ADO 14,649,1514 MDF (IDO) 269,4665 MFO 5,136,4086 Avgas 2,1637 Avtur 2,520,0408 Gasoline RON 91 482,2409 Gasoline RON 95 158,070

10 ADO CN 51 126,740

TOTAL 62,305,797

FUEL Estimasi Kebutuhan Biodiesel 2009 (Permen ESDM 32/2008)

Source: APROBI, 2008

BIOFUEL ?BIOFUEL ?• Biofuel = bahan bakar nabati• Merupakan bahan bakar alternatif

bagi bahan bakar fossil, yang diproduksi dari bahan baku yang bersumber dari tanaman

• Merupakan bahan bakar yang ramahlingkungan dan terbarukan

• Yaitu : • biodiesel (alternatif untuk minyak

diesel/solar), • biethanol (alternatif untuk

premium/bensin), • bio-oil atau pure plant oil - PPO (alternatif

minyak bakar)

BIOFUEL FOR FUEL SUBSTITUTION (2010)

FUEL

TRANSPORTATION (31,7 Million kL)

ELECTRICITY (7,6 Million kL)

KEROSENE (10 Million kL)

PREMIUM (18,529Million kL)

ADO/”SOLAR” (12,4 Million kL)

BIOETANOL BIODIESEL BIO OIL

3,8 Million kL 1 Million kL

CASSAVA11 Million tons

MOLASSES600 Million tons

PALM OIL30,2 Million tons

JATROPHA OIL3,84 MIllion tons

RAW MATERIAL

1,24 Million kL4,8 Million kL

1,85 Million kL

Oil54.4%

Gas26.5%

Others0.2%

Geo thermal

1.4%

Hydro3.4%

Coal14.1%

National Energy MIX

Gas30%

Coal33%

Oil20%

Biofuel5% Geo

thermal5%

Others7%

NuclearBiomassHydroSolarWindLiq. Coal

#Peraturan Presiden No. 5/2006

Energy MIX 2003

Targeted Energy MIX 2025#

Biofuel will have minimum 5% share of total National Energy

MIX 2025

KEBIJAKAN TENTANG BIOFUEL

• 25 Januari 2006, Peraturan Pemerintah (No.5 / 2006) tentang Kebijakan Energi Nasional (No. 5/ 2006)

• 25 Januari 2006, Instruksi Presiden (No.1 /2006) tentang Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan Biofuel sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain

• 22 Februari 2006, Keputusan Kepala BSN (No. 73/KEP/BSN/2/2006) tentang Penetapan SNI Biodiesel SNI 04-7182-2006

• 17 Maret 2006, Peraturan Dirjen MIGAS DESDM no.3675/K/24/DJM/2006 tentang Kualitas dan spesifikasi minyak solar tipe SOLAR 48 dan SOLAR 51

Biodiesel diijinkan dicampur dengan minyak solar s/d 10% (B10) & Biodiesel harus memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2006

• 20 Mei 2006 : PERTAMINA meluncurkan BIOSOLAR (B5) di 4 SPBU di JakartaPenjualan BIOSOLAR dikembangkan ke SPBU lain di kota-kota besar

• 26 September 2008, Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 32/2008 tentang Penyediaan, Pemanfaatan dan Tata niaga Bahan Bakar Nabati (Biofuel) sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain

• 23 October 2009, Peraturan Presiden RI No. 45/2009 tentang Perubahan atas PerpresNo. 71/2005 Tentang Penyediaan dan Pendistribusian Jenis Bahan bakar minyaktertentu

Untuk mencapai target ENERGY MIX 2025, dalam Peraturan Presiden No. 5/2006 telah ditetapkan serangkaian kebijakan utama dan pendukung sebagai berikut:

Kebijakan Utama, meliputi1. Penyediaan energi melalui:

- Penjaminan ketersediaan pasokan energi dalam negeri- Pengoptimalan produksi energi- Pelaksanaan konservasi energi

2. Pemanfaatan energi melalui:- Efisiensi pemanfaatan energi- Diversifikasi energi

3. Penetapan kebijakan harga energi ke arah harga keekonomian, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan kemampuan usaha kecil dan bantuan bagi masyarakat tidak mampu dalam jangka waktu tertentu.

4. Pelestarian lingkungan dengan menerapkan prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan

Kebijakan Pendukung meliputi:1.Pengembangan infrastruktur energi termasuk peningkatan akses konsumen terhadap energi2.Kemitraan pemerintah dan dunia usaha3.Pemberdayaan masyarakat4.Pengembangan penelitian dan pengembangan serta pendidikan dan pelatihan

Selain itu pemerintah juga dapat memberikan kemudahan dan insentif kepada pelaksana konservasi energi dan pengembang sumber energi alternatif tertentu.

Dengan demikian, Perpres No. 5/2006 menjadi dasar pola pengembangan energi nasional untuk mengamankan pasokan energi dalam negeri

PERATURAN PRESIDEN NO.5/2006

INPRES NO.1 Tahun 2006 : Percepatan “Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan Bahan BakarNabati (Biofuel) Sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain”

Menginstruksikan dan memberi tugas yang spesifik sesuai dengan tupoksi-nyakepada :

1. Menko Perekonomian 2. Menteri ESDM 3. Menteri Pertanian 4. Menteri Kehutanan 5. Menteri Perindustrian 6. Menteri Perdagangan 7. Menteri Perhubungan 8. Meneg Ristek 9. Meneg Koperasi 10. Meneg BUMN

11. Menteri Dalam Negeri 12. Menteri Keuangan 13. Menteri LH 14. Gubernur 15. Bupati dan Walikota

Menteri Negara Riset dan Teknologi :

Mengembangkan teknologi, memberi saran aplikasi pemanfaatan teknologipenyediaan dan pengolahan, distribusi bahan baku serta pemanfaatan bahan bakarnabati (biofuel) sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain.

FASE MANDATORY PEMANFAATAN BIODIESEL FASE MANDATORY PEMANFAATAN BIODIESEL Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 32/2008

10 %

10 %

7 %

5 %

-

January2015**

20 %10 %3 %1 %TransportationNon PSO

* From totaldemand20 %10 %2,5 %1 %1 %

(existing)

Transportation PSO

20 %

20 %

-

January2025**

15 %

15 %

-

January2020**

Power Plant

Industry and commercial

Household

Sector

1 %

5 %

-

January2010

* From totaldemand0,25 %0,1 %

* From totaldemand2,5 %2,5 %

-

October -Desember

2008remarkJanuary

2009

- - Not regulated

** Based on specification and domestic need

Peraturan Presiden RI No. 45/2009tentang Perubahan atas Perpres No. 71/2005 Tentang Penyediaan dan Pendistribusian Jenis Bahan

bakar minyak tertentu

• Jenis Bahan Bakar Minyak Tertentu yang selanjutnya disebut JenisBBM Tertentu adalah bahan bakar yang berasal dan/atau diolah dariMinyak Bumi dan/atau bahan bakar yang; berasal dan/atau diolah dariMinyak Bumi yang telah dicampurkan dengan Bahan Bakar NabatiiBiotucl) sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain dengan jenis, standar dan mutu(spesifikasi), harga, volume) dan konsumen tertentu.

• Dalam rangka penyediaan dan pendistribusian jenis HEM Tertentu, Badan Usaha yang mendapatkan penugasan pcnyediaaan danpendistribusian jenis BBM Tertentu wajib mencampurkan BBN yang dilaksanakan sccara bertahap sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturanperundang-undangan.

• Badan Usaha dalam melakukan pencampuran BBN sebagaimanadimaksud pada ayat (1) wajib memanfaatkan dan mengutamakanproduksi BBN dalam negeri.

2. CASE : BIODIESEL

BIODIESELBIODIESEL ??

• Bahan bakar alternatif minyakdiesel/solar yang ramah lingkungan

• Digunakan untuk mesin diesel• Secara kimia merupakan methyl

ester yang terbuat dari minyak ataulemak nabati yang direaksikandengan methanol

• Produk yang sudah ada di pasaran : BIOSOLAR dari Pertamina, merupakan campuran Biodiesel 2.5 % dan Solar 97.5 % (B2.5)

Roadmap Teknologi Biodiesel (sesuai Perpres No. 5 tahun 2006)

Market

Product

Technology

R&D

Biodiesel Sawit

& Jarak Pagar

Biodiesel Sawit,Jarak Pagar, Tumbuhan lain.

Etanol dari (ekses) gliserin

High/superior performanceBiodiesel

(angka setan tinggi,titik tuang rendah)

Pemanfaatan Biodiesel

Sebesar 3%Konsumsi Solar

1.5 juta kL

Test Property,

Performance

Danstandarisa

si

Year 2005 - 2009 2010 -2015 2016 - 2025

Biodieseldari minyak

sawit,jarak pagar

&tumbuhan

lain

Pemanfaatan Biodiesel

Sebesar 5%Konsumsi Solar

4.7 juta kL

Commercial PlantKapasitas >

100.000 Ton/tahun

“High PerformanceBiodiesel Product

Commercial Plant”

PlantDesain

Enjiniring

Teknologi Pembuatan

aditif

STANDARD BIODIESEL NASIONAL

TeknologiBlending,

(bio-) teknologi

(ekses)gliserin

Optimasi&

ModifikasiDesain plant

Test Property, Performance

&standarisasi

Pemanfaatan Biodiesel

Sebesar 2%Konsumsi Solar

720.000 kL

Commercial PlantKapasitas 30.000 s/d100.000 Ton/tahun

Sumber : ESDM, 2005

No Parameter Satuan Nilai1 Massa jenis pada 40 °C, kg/m3 850 – 8902 Viskositas kinematik pd 40 °C, mm2/s (cSt) 2,3 – 6,03 Angka setana min. 514 Titik nyala (mangkok tertutup), °C min. 1005 Titik kabut,°C maks. 186 Korosi lempeng tembaga (3 jam pada 50 °C) maks. no 37 Residu karbon %-massa- dalam contoh asli, atau maks 0,05- dalam 10 % ampas distilasi maks. 0,30

8 Air dan sedimen, %-vol. maks. 0,05*9 Temperatur distilasi 90 %, °C maks. 36010 Abu tersulfatkan, %-massa maks.0,0211Belerang, ppm-m (mg/kg) maks. 10012 Fosfor, ppm-m (mg/kg) maks. 1013 Angka asam, mg-KOH/g maks.0,814 Gliserol bebas, %-massa maks. 0,0215 Gliserol total, %-massa maks. 0,2416 Kadar ester alkil, %-massa min. 96,517 Angka iodium %-massa (g-I2/100 g) maks. 11518 Uji Halphen Negatif

* Catatan : dapat diuji terpisah dengan ketentuan kandungan sedimen maksimum 0.01 %-vol

Syarat mutu biodiesel ester alkil

SNI 04-7182-2006

KEBIJAKAN TENTANG PENCAMPURAN BIODIESEL

PENCAMPURAN BIODIESEL KE SOLAR

Peraturan Dirjen MIGAS DESDM no.3675/K/24/DJM/2006 tentang kualitas dan spesifikasi minyak solar tipe SOLAR 48 dan SOLAR 51

Biodiesel diijinkan dicampur dengan minyak solar s/d 10% (B10) &

Biodiesel harus memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2006

BIOSOLAR PERTAMINA

Target PERTAMINA secara bertahap mensubstitusi solar dengan biodiesel,khususnya sektor transportasi

20 Mei 2006 : PERTAMINA meluncurkan BIOSOLAR (B5) di 4 SPBU diJakarta

Penjualan BIOSOLAR dikembangkan ke SPBU lain di kota-kota besar

BIOFUEL SELLING PROGRESS(Source: Pertamina)

MalangBio Premium : 1 SPBU Volume ± 310 KL / bln

Bio Pertamax : 4 SPBUVolume ± 55 KL / bln

Jakarta & sekitarnyaBio Solar : 205 SPBUVolume ± 4.300 KL / bln

Bio Pertamax : 20 SPBUVolume ± 1.100 KL / bln

SurabayaBio Solar : 12 SPBUVolume ± 1.600 KL / bln

Bio Pertamax : 5 SPBUVolume ± 296 KL / bln

Denpasar Bio Solar : 11 SPBUVolume ± 2.100 KL / bln

Bio Pertamax : 11 SPBUVolume ± 200 KL / bln

Total keseluruhan:Bio Solar : 228 SPBU Vol : ± 46.700 KL/blnBio Premium : 1 SPBU Vol : ± 310 KL / bln

Bio Pertamax : 40 SPBU Vol : ± 1.651 KL / bln

KEUNTUNGAN BIODIESEL

Sumber energi yang terbarukan (non fossil)Ramah lingkungan :

Free sulfur Emisi rendah (COx, Particulate Matter, HC)

Cetane number tinggi (BDF : > 51 , Solar = 48)Efek pelumasanTidak memerlukan modifikasi mesinDapat menggunakan infrastruktur distribusi yang ada (pom bensin)Dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar langsung maupun campuran (B-XX)

-- 48 %48 %-- 12 %12 %PartikulatPartikulat (SPM)(SPM)

-- 67 %67 %-- 20 %20 %HidrokarbonHidrokarbon (HC)(HC)

-- 47 %47 %-- 12 %12 %KarbonKarbon monoksidamonoksida(CO)(CO)

B100B100B20B20EmisiEmisi

Note : Penurunan dibandingkan emisi solar

Tinggal tuang…

CHALLENGES

1. Increasing variety in feedstock availability

2. Increasing efficiency in process technology

3. Improvement parameters for Biofuel quality

4. Accelerating production development

5. Broad variety in different marketing strategy

6. Challenges for further engine warranties

7. Solid legal framework in pushing the markets

8. Broadening information basis and easier access

3. BIODIESEL PLANT TECHNOLOGY SELECTION

State of the Art of Biodiesel Production

Catalytic

Non-Catalytic

Acid Catalyst(Esterification)

Alkaline Catalyst(Transesterification)

Low Pressure, High Temperature(Bubble Column Reactor)

High Pressure, High Temperature(Supercritical methanol)

Biocatalyst

• Low Pressure• Low Temperature

Technology and Plant Capacity Selection, depend on:

• Plant location• Availability and characteristic of raw

material• Local fuel demand• Human resources level• Local industries capability

Local content

• Big country with more than 17.000 islands• Different type of soil Special region with special plant oil, for example :

• Sumatera suitable for CPO• Nusa Tenggara suitable for Jatropha• Maluku coconut oil

• Every region need Fuels• The geography makes the fuel distribution in Indonesia is highly site

specific

SITE SPECIFIC

Security supply for every region

ABUNDANT (BIODIESEL) RAW MATERIAL

NP40 – 73Inti bijiCallophyllum inophyllumNyamplung

P50 – 57Inti bijiMadhuca mottleyanaKetiau

NP45 – 55Inti bijiSterculia foetidaKepoh

NP≈ 35BijiSamadera indicaGatep pait

P≈ 65BijiHodgsonia macrocarpaAkar kepayang

P14 – 28Inti bijiAdenanthera pavoninaSaga utan

NP40 – 50Daging bijiAzadirachta indicaNimba

NP55 – 70Daging bijiSleichera trijugaKusambi

P30 – 49BijiMoringa oleiferaKelor

P15 – 20BijiPsophocarpus tetrag.Kecipir

P60 – 70Daging buahCocos nuciferaKelapa

NP24 – 40BijiCeiba pentandraKapok/randu

P45-70 + 46-54Sabut + dg buahElais guineensisSawit

NP40 – 60Inti bijiJatropha curcasJarak pagar

P / NPContent, %-b krOil SourceLatin nameName

Note : kr ≡ dry; P ≡ edible fat/oil, NP ≡ nonedible fat/oil. (Source, Soerawidjaja, 2005)

ABUNDANT (BIODIESEL) RAW MATERIAL

NP15 – 20BijiAnnona squamosaSrikaya

NP20 – 30Inti bijiAnnona muricataSirsak

NP35 – 50BijiMesua ferreaNagasari (gede)

NP?Inti bijiAleurites trispermaKemiri cina

NP?BijiHernandia peltataKampis

NP50 – 60Inti bijiCroton tigliumCerakin/Kroton

NP?BijiGmelina asiaticaBulangan

NP43 – 64BijiCerbera manghas/odollamBintaro

NP49 – 61Inti bijiXimenia AmericanaBidaro

P45 – 70Inti bijiIsoptera borneensisTengkawang. Terindak

P35 – 40BijiXanthophyllum lanceatumSiur (-siur)

P50 – 57Inti bijiMadhuca utilisSeminai

NP18 – 26BijiBombax malabaricumRandu alas

P / NPContent, %-b krOil SourceLatin nameName

Note : kr ≡ dry; P ≡ edible fat/oil, NP ≡ nonedible fat/oil. (Source, Soerawidjaja, 2005)

(CURRENTLY USED) BIODIESEL RAW MATERIAL IN INDONESIA

1.5 million ha in 2010, 5 ton seed/ha/yr, 25% rendement

1.875.000Jatropha Curcas6.

5% cooking oil 200.000Palm Fatty Acid Distilate (PFAD)5.

0.6% CPO standard108.000Off grade CPO (CPO pond)4.

18.000.000Standard CPO3.

0.5 % cooking oil20.000Used Cooking Oil2.

4.000.000 Refine Bleach Deodorized Palm Olein (PFAD)/cooking oil1.

RemarkEst. Quantity (Ton/yr)

OilNo

Palm

JatrophaCurcas L

CPO Pond

• Production Scale (MITTELBACH, 2004) :• Batch : 500 – 10.000 Ton/year• Continuous : ≥ 30.000 Ton/year

LowHighLocal content

LowhighRisk of product quality stability

LowHighManpower and product ratio

SophisticateSimpleI & C

ComplexSimpleTechnology/Plant operation

LowHighCost production

HighLowCost investment

FixFlexibleRaw material flexibility

Large continuousSmall batchParameter

COMPARISON OF SMALL BATCH AND BIG CONTINUOUS BIODIESEL PLANT

• CATALYTIC PROCESS (Low Pressure, Low Temperature) using Alkaline and Acid Catalyst

• Basic Consideration :• Various grade of oil as the raw materials (batch process)• Plant location distribution• Availability raw material and fuel demand site specific• Easier to be handled by operator on minimum requirement

skill • Can be constructed in small up to medium capacity (< 15

ton/day)• High domestic local content

BIODIESEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY IN INDONESIA :

Existing installed capacity and technology status

Local2.0001.200Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, NTTDepartment of Industry21

Local2.000South KalimantanKotabaru-Ristek-BPPT20

Local2.000South SumateraOKUT-Ristek-BPPT19

Local500500JakartaRAP PT.18

Local3.0003.000KamparPemda Riau-BPPT17

Local300300MedanPPKS16

Local500500RNI PT.15

Local500500BandungITB14

Local1.500300SerpongBPPT 13

Local2.5002.500JakartaLemigas12

14.8008.800Institution and others

Lurgy1.000.000700.000DumaiWilmar Group11

Modification from Existing Chem. plant200.000100.000Bekasi & LampungSumi Asih PT.10

200.000200.000DuriPermata Hijau Group9

350.00050.000MedanMusim Mas Group8

10.0005.000BekasiMultikimia Intipelangi PT.7

NextGen160.00060.000MerakIndo Biofuels Energy PT.6

Local10.0003.000MedanGanesha Energy Group5

150.000150.000BekasiDarmex Biofuel PT.4

Modification from Existing Chem. plant240.000120.000Gresik & CikupaEterindo Wahanatama Tbk3

Local1.000300JakartaEnergi Alternatif Indonesia PT2

Ballestra200.000200.000DumaiAsian Agri Tbk1

2.521.0001.588.300APROBI list

20092008Technology

Capacity (MT/yr)LocationInstitution/companyNo

Source: Data from APROBI and Timnas BBM

4. BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENT IN BRDST – BPPT

BRDST (Engineering Center) - BPPT• Balai Rekayasa Disain dan

Sistem Teknologi (Engineering Center - BPPT)

• Main Task and Function: To conduct development, services, and socialization on engineering design and system technology

• Main activities :• Research on Energy Field• Process Design & Development• Design & Engineering• Promotion, Advocating, Socialization

BPPTKa. BPPT

TIEMTABTPSAPKT TIRBR SEKR. UTAMA

AUDITEK

SISTEM INOVASI DAERAH

DIFUSI INOVASI

BUDAYA & DAYA

DUKUNG INOVASI

TEK. PENGEM SD MINERAL

TEK. LINGKUNGAN

TEK. PENGEM SD LAHAN & WILAYAH

TEK. INVENTRS SDA

TEK. MEDIKA & FARMASI

TEK. BIO INDUSTRI

TEK. PENGOLAHAN HASIL PERTANIAN

TEKNOLOGI BUDAYA PERTANIAN

TEK. KONVERSI & KONSERVASI ENERGI

TEK. SD ENERGI

TEK. MATERIAL KOMPOSIT & POLIMER

TEK. INFORMASI & KOMUNIKASI

TEK. INDUSTRI HANKAM

SISTEM TRANSPORTASI

TEKNOLOGI MANUFAKTUR & OTOMASI

TEK. IND. PROSES

PUSDATIN

RO-UMUM

RO-KEU

RO-REN

RO-SDMO

PUSBINDIKLAT

INSPEK TORAT

BPPT ENGINEERING

BALAI INKUBATOR UPT MOD. CUACA

BALAI TEKNOLOGI SURVEI

BALAI TEK. LINGKUNGAN

BALAI BESAR TEKNOLOGI PATI

BALAI BIOTEK

B2TE

BRDSTBALAI TEKNOLOGI

POLIMER

BALAI IPTEKNET

BALAI KERAMIK

B2TKS

UPT LAGG

BPPH

BPDP

BALAI MEPPO

BTMP

ORGANIZATION HISTORY

P2R2B - BPIS

1993

PRRB - BPPT

1995

EC - BPPT

2001 – Now PLTGU Belawan 400 MW

PLTU Paiton II 600 MW

PLTGU Muara Tawar 400 MW

Revitalisasi Sistem CatudayaSentel Gambir .

PLTN AP600 Westinghouse 600 MW

PLTN Candu Canada 800 MW

PLTD Kalimantan 7 x 1MW

Bontang NGLfor Steel structure Eng.

FEED LNG Tangguh Project – Bechtel Corp

Biodiesel plant 8 ton/hari, Riau

Revitalisasi Jaringan Listrik Jawatimur - Bali

PLTN AP1000 Westinghouse 1000 MW

Cogeneration Project Arun NGL 15 MW

PIM2 Utility and Amonia Plant

POWER PLANT AND PROCESS INDUSTRIES

ENERGI

1998

POWER PLANT, PROCESS INDUSTRY, CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, OIL & GAS INDUSTRY AND AGROINDUSTRY

R&D Lab Scale Prototype Pilot/Demo Plant commercial

R&D Coordination Technical services

Organizational StructureHead

EC – BPPT

ManagerGeneral Affair

ManagerCooperation and

Technical ServicesTechnical Group Manager

Technical development

Electrical and I&C

Civil structure & architecture

Process design and mechanical equipment

Piping

Laboratory team

FACILITIES• Chemical Laboratory• Pilot Plant Biodiesel• Engineering Room• Workshop• Software

• Plant Design System• Isogen• Pro II• X-Steel• Staad Pro• Microstation• Cesar• APV• Simplicity HMI Scada• Etc.

RECENT & FUTURE ACTIVITIES

• Biodiesel commercial plant• Integrated CPO mill and Biodiesel plant• Glycerol Plant for other product• Biomass Power Plant from Palm Oil Residue • Bio-ethanol Plant, detail engineering• Grid Operation Supporting System for small scale and remote power plant• Steam Power Plant, 2 x 7 MW Sangatta, detail engineering• Nuclear Power Plant, AP600/1000 MW, Westinghouse USA, Detail

Engineering • Biodiesel Analysis• Etc.

Refining and Processing Technology(Engineering Center – BPPT)

Lab scale biodiesel production (400 L)

Engineering design and fabrication of 1.5 ton/day capacity biodiesel plant (Modularised, skid mounted and movable)

EPC of Biodiesel Pilot, Capacity of 8 ton/hari

EPC of Biodiesel Pilot Plant lCapacity of 3 ton/day

Basic Design and Engineering of BiodieselPlant Cap. 30.000 ton/year

Source : Lurgi

2001 2002

2004

2003

2006

QUALITY PRODUCT TESTING(Engineering Center – BPPT)

PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

TEST

SOCIALIZATION

PERFORMANCE TEST

ROAD TEST

PRODUCTION AND PROCESS OPTIMATION

PRODUK MEET NATIONAL STANDARD

Variation of raw material:CPO standard (FFA < 5 %)CPO off grade (FFA 5-20%)Waste CPO (FFA 20-70 %)PFAD, CFAD (FFA > 70 %)RBDPORBDPSUsed Cooking OilJatropha Oil

COMMERCIAL

2002

2005

2005

2006

2001

Preparation

Washing

Recovery

Purification

Plant Plant OilOil

Methanol

Catalyst

Methanol

Product

Drying

Glycerol By Product

Trans-esterification

BIODIESEL

Biodiesel from any feed stock : CPO standard (FFA < 5 %)CPO off grade (FFA 5-20 %)Waste CPO (FFA 20-70 %)PFAD and CFAD (FFA > 70 %)RBDPORBDPSJatropha Curcas oil (Laboratory

Scale)

EC - BPPT’S CURRENT BIODIESEL PROCESSINGCONCEPTUAL DESIGN

• From Laboratory works and calculation

• Product : • Process Flow diagram• Mass & Heat balance

BASIC DESIGN• From calculation,

simulation, design, and engineering

• From operation data (bench or pilot scale)

• Product• General Piping &

Instrumentation Diagram• Equipment Sizing • General Arrangement

DETAIL DESIGN• From calculation, simulation,

design, engineering• Product :

• Piping & Instrumentation Diagram • Piping Layout • Civil & Structure • Stress Analysis • Instrumentation & Control • Electrical & Raceway

CONSTRUCTION

1 ton/day, 2003

1 ton/day, 2006

3 ton/day, 2006

CONSTRUCTION

6 ton/day, 2007

10 ton/day, 2004

8 ton/day, 2006

5. PROSPECT AND CHALLENGESPerkembangan Harga Biofuel Tahun 2006 - 2008

ETHANOL

FAME

MOPS HSD

MOPS GASOLINE

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

waktu

Har

ga (U

Sce

nt/L

tr)

ETHANOL 55.26 54.96 54.70 55.01 55.30 55.43 55.42 54.84 55.24 56.82 55.94 55.42 53.65 53.98 55.18 54.24 53.84 53.42 54.73 54.73 54.73 54.73

FAME 52.57 52.06 55.07 58.57 57.16 54.70 53.91 56.96 61.63 60.40 60.87 65.18 69.32 76.07 77.59 75.11 77.19 84.98 83.53 82.91 85.79 91.20 104.31 95.28 99.88

MOPS HSD 52.94 54.01 54.26 54.27 47.70 44.76 44.02 43.87 41.56 44.41 46.25 50.47 51.34 51.51 53.93 52.20 57.05 59.80 67.93 67.21 66.48 69.94 79.39 87.00 99.76

MOPS GASOLINE 49.82 52.70 44.39 39.07 38.06 37.33 40.69 46.75 51.19 54.45 51.88 52.22 47.07 50.35 54.14 59.97 60.10 61.63 64.45 67.60 72.48 80.50

MEI JUNI JULI AGUST SEPTEMOKTOBNOVEMDESEM JANUAFEBRUAMARETAPRIL MEI JUNI JULI AGUSTSEPTEMOKTOBNOVEMDESEM JANUA FEBRUAMARETAPRIL MEI

2006 2007 2008

Current Problem1. Biodiesel still classified as a non- subsidized fuel.

2. FAME price is tend to increase and passing the MOPS price.

3. Biofuel mandatory has been issued by the government. The following biodiesel related questions are often asked by industries:- Price (raw material, cost production)- Quality product guarantee- OEM (Owner Equipment Manufacture)

guarantee- Quick property test (B100

and BXX)- Effect to engine safety/life,

performance and emission- Effect to fuel consumption- Application of biodiesel on

generator, gas turbine and boiler

- How to handling (blending,transportation, storage)

- Stability (oxidation)

CHALLENGES• How to prepare national biodiesel industry to meet the target of

National Biodiesel Roadmap• Implication: All Indonesian biodiesel stakeholders should develop a

commercial biodiesel plant that has consistent product quality, reliable and cost effective in production

• Developing alternative raw materials other than CPO (non edible,cheaper). Ex. Jathropa Curcas has great potential to be developed• Implication: further studies are needed to evaluate its feasibility

including land availability, various aspects in the plantation, oil extraction and financial incentives for farmers.

• Developing new process and product from glycerine as a by product6. FUTURE RESEARCH TOPICS

FUTURE RESEARCH TOPICS

Characterization of Indonesian indigenous biodiesel raw materials to meet the standardized biodiesel product.

Stability test for biodiesel (methyl esters) made of Indonesian Indigenous raw materials

High performance reactor (consistent product quality, reliable and cost effective in production (Lower methanol loss and Lower usage of catalyst)

Glycerol processing to produce more valuable product

Material compatibility test for engine component using biodiesel blend (BXX) up to B100

Testing of biodiesel on industrial engine/equipment (generator, gas turbine, boiler)

Integration of Biodiesel Plant, Oil Mill, Biomass Power plant, Methanol plant

PALM OIL MILL BIODIESEL PLANT

TBS CPO

GLYCERINEPURIFICATION

BIOGAS PLANT

METHANOL PLANT

BIOMASSGASIFICATION

APRPROCESS

CATALYST RECOVERY

BIOMASS

High Quality Biodiesel Product

INTEGRATED BIODIESEL PLANT

PLANTATION

Empty Bunch

Shell

Biomass (boiler) Power Plant

Biogas Plant

integrated, reliable, and low in production cost and has consistent quality of product

Other purposesCPO Production Process

POMETreatment

Effluent discharge for land application

Plantation

FFB Fiber

Biodiesel Plant

EFB

Shell

CPO Sludge Power Plant(Biomass

Combustion)

Excess Shell

ROR

Biodiesel Product

Biomass Power plant

Electricity

Steam

Organic Diesel Plant

EFB from others POM

Electricity purchase from PLN Grid

Gasification Systems

Rural Electricity

FuelOnsite(Steam & Electricity)

Methane from POME

Palm Oil Mill

EFB to Biomass PPEFB to Plantation (30%)

360,000 T/Y

2 x 45 t/h

79,000 t/y

Remnant oil 792 t/y

28,800 t/y

23,500 /y

19,000 t/y

1,400 t/y

Proposed Waste Management

Source : TA DGEEU – ADB, 2006

Thank You….