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Pertemuan 7Komunikasi dalam mendukung

pengambilan keputusan

Matakuliah : H0472 / Konsep Sistem Informasi

Tahun : 2006

Versi : 1

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Learning Outcomes

Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa

akan mampu :

• Menunjukkan hubungan komunikasi dalam mendukung pengambilan keputusan dalam konsep work sistem

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Outline Materi

• Konsep Dasar komunikasi

• Konsep dasar pengambilan keputusan

• Dukungan IS pada komunikasi dan pengambilan keputusan

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Opening Case...

• What do you think?• Is “mass customization” as mentioned here

going to be a major force?• What type of information system is this?• It is:

– an information system that supports communication and decision making

• Compare & contrast this with online shopping

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Can we use the WCA to describe this case?

• Sure!

6©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 5.3

Table 5.1Customizing Jeans at Levi Strauss

CUSTOMER

Person purchasing jeans

7©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 5.4

Table 5.1Customizing Jeans at Levi Strauss

PRODUCT

Customized pair of jeans

Measurements representing the best fit

Manufacturing specification for the customized pair of jeans

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©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 5.5

Table 5.1Customizing Jeans at Levi Strauss

BUSINESS PROCESS

Major Steps:

•Take measurements

•Try on special samples to get perfect fit

•Transmit to factory in Tennessee

•Manufacture jeans

•Mail jeans to customer

•Store specification for reorders

Rationale:

•Sell customized jeans that really fit the customer.

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©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 5.6

Table 5.1Customizing Jeans at Levi Strauss

PARTICIPANTS

Customer

Salesperson

INFORMATION

Customer’smeasurements

Manufacturingspecifications

Delivery address

TECHNOLOGY

Sample pairs for fittingthe customer

Technology forproducing the jeans

Computers and datacommunication network

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How can information systems improve communication and

decision making?

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©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 5.7

Table 5.2Ways information Systems Can Improve Communication and

Decision Making Performance within Business Processes

RATE OF OUTPUTImprove communication: Communicate more information or more types to more people

Improve decision making: Make more decisions using better, more complete information

CONSISTENCYImprove communication: Make sure di fferent people receive the same communicationImprove decision making: Make sure repetitive decisions are made in the same way

PRODUCTIVITYImprove communication: Achieve more communication with less effortImprove decision making: Make better decisions with less effort

CYCLE TIMEImprove communication: Eliminate undesirable delays in communicationImprove decision making: Eliminate unnecessary delays in decision making

FLEXIBILITYImprove communication: Permit communication in many different forms

Improve decision making: Maintain decision quali ty across a wider range of situations

SECURITYImprove communication: Make sure communications go only to the intended recipientsImprove decision making: Make sure decisions are contro lled only by those author izedto make the decisions

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Basic Communication Concepts

• Social Context

• Personal, Impersonal and Anonymous Communication

• Time, Place and Direction of Communication

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©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 5.8

Table 5.3Communication Technologies Classified by Time and Place of Communication

SAME PLACE

Same time:

•Presentation systems

•Group decision support systems(GDSS)

Different time

•Transaction databases

•World Wide Web

•Electronic mai l

•Voice mail

DIFFERENT PLACESame time:

•Typical telephones

•Computer conferencing

•Video telephones and conferencing

•Nonrecorded radio or TV broadcast

Different time

•Transaction databases

•World Wide Web

•Electronic data interchange (EDI)

•Electronic mai l

•Voice mail

•Fax

•Prerecorded radio or TV broadcast

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Basic Communication Concepts

• Approaches for Improving Communication– Enhancing communications (presentation

tools)– Self-service…deal with machines for simple

stuff, let people take the exceptions– Make things systematic and well-ordered– A richer language is developing…multimedia

• Can technology help us with the “spatially and temporally dislocated workforce?”

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Basic Decision Making Concepts

• Steps in a Decision Process

• Rationality and Satisficing

• Common Flaws in Decision Making

• Approaches for Improving Decision Making

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Decision-making steps

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How IT can counteract problems in the decision-making process

POOR FRAMINGDescription: Allowing a decision to be influenced excessively by the language used for describing the decision

How an information system might help: Provide information encouraging different ways to think about the definition of the issue

RECENCY EFFECTSDescription: Giving undue weight to the most recent informationHow an information system might help: Provide information showing how the most recent information might not be representative

PRIMACY EFFECTSDescription: Giving undue weight to the first information received How an information system might help: Show how some information is inconsistent with the first information received

POOR PROBABILITY ESTIMATIONDescription: Overestimating the probability of familiar or dramatic events; underestimating the probability of negative eventsHow an information system might help: Make it easier to estimate probabilities based on pertinent data

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How IT can counteract problems in the decision-making process

OVERCONFIDENCEDescription: Believing too strongly in one’s own knowledge

How an information system might help: Provide counterexamples or models showing that other conclusions might also make sense

ESCALATION PHENOMENADescription: Unwillingness to abandon courses of action decided upon previouslyHow an information system might help: Provide information or models showing how the current approach might give poor results

ASSOCIATION BIASDescription: Reusing strategies that were successful in the past, regardless of whether they fit the current situation How an information system might help: Provide information showing how the current situation differs from past situatioins

GROUPTHINKDescription: Bowing to group consensus and cohesiveness instead of bringing out unpopular biasHow an information system might help: Provide information inconsistent with the current consensus and prove its relevance

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Decision-making in action...

• Let’s discuss decisions that you’ve made recently

• How about your decision to register for your courseload…how did you decide?

• How does this fit with the the phases and common flaws we’ve discussed?

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Roles of Different Types of Information Systems in Communication and Decision Making

• Office Automation Systems: Supporting General Office Work

• Communication Systems: Making Communication Effective and Efficient

• Transaction Processing Systems: Structuring Repetitive Communication and Decision Processes

• Management and Executive Information Systems: Providing Information Systems for Management

• Decision Support Systems: Providing Information and Tools for Analytical Work

• Execution Systems: Helping People do the Work that Provides Value for Customers

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Office Automation Systems

• Spreadsheets

• Text/Word processing

• Presentation (e.g. Powerpoint)

• Database systems

• Others?

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Communication Systems

• Teleconferencing (October 12th class will explore this further)

• Messaging– Asynchronous (email, vmail)– Synchronous (chat & instant messaging)– Fax

• Is fax dead?

• Issues with messaging? • Groupware

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Transaction Processing Systems

• We talked about this during our database discussions…

• Systems that store data about transactions, which are business “events” that generate information in a system

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Management/Executive Information Systems

• Support management decisions– information about organizational performance

and operation

• EIS provides this for senior management– adds information about external context of

business– Focus on strategic, not tactical issues

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Decision Support Systems

• Provide support for analytical work

• Tactical decision support

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Closing

• Konsep Dasar komunikasi

• Konsep dasar pengambilan keputusan

• Dukungan IS pada komunikasi dan pengambilan keputusan