An Academic presentation byDr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, PhdassistanceGroup  www.phdassistance.comEmail: info@phdassistance.com

W H A T A R E T H ED I F F E R E N T T E C H N I Q U E SU S E D F O R T E X T U A LC O N T E N T A N A L Y S I S

In-Brief

Introduction

Conceptual Analysis

Relational Analysis

Conclusion

Outline

TODAY'S DISCUSSION

Textual Analysis- Qualitative Research Analytics Help data analysismethod to carefully inspects either the content and meaning of texts or

their structure. The main objective is to analyses the presence ofchosen term present inside the data that may be implicit (which are

difficult to find) or explicit (which are easy to identify). It Helps theResearcher quantify and analyze the meaning, relationship and

presence of specific concepts and themes.

In-Brief

Content analysis tools are used to identify words,concepts or themes which are present inside thequalitative data.

It also helps to convert identical and valid suggestionsby coding textual material and analyzing textual orqualitative Analysis.

This technique is used frequently in many researchstudies, but it becomes popular among scholars in thecurrent time.

Introduction

Contd..

It helps the researcher quantify and analyze the meaning, relationship and presenceof specific concepts and themes.

It is a language evaluating tool by the researcher for analyzing research.

Data Analysis Textual Qualitative Content Analysis andconceptual Analysis are almost similar to each other.

In a conceptual analysis, a particular concept isselected for Analysis which includes quantifying andcalculating its presence.

The main objective is to analyses the presence ofchosen term present inside the data that may beimplicit or explicit.

Encoding of implicit terms is more complicated.

ConceptualAnalysis

Contd..

You need to consider or decide on the level of implicit terms by making judgmentson its subjectivity, i.e., problem-related to reliability and validity.

Therefore, implicit term coding needs dictionary or translational rules or both.

PhD Qualitative Research Analysis Help in getting data which are often subjective,in-depth and consistent, if you find any difficulty with Textual or qualitativeAnalysis, you can get help from experts.

Determine the research question and select a sample or samples for Analysis.

Necessary steps need to follow while coding a conceptual analysis

Contd..

After that code the text into manageable content groups, this is also known as aselective reduction process.

By reducing the text into different groups helps the researcher to focus on the codeor pattern for specific words that inform the research question.

Contd..

Contd..

Choose any one them A or B, which allow flexibility to the coding process. Andstick with that pre-defined set of categories.

Option A allows for Analysis and introduction of important content which could havesignificant implications for the research question.

General steps for conducting PhD Research Methods for Textual Data and conceptualcontent analysis:

1. Determine the level of Analysis: whether it is for word, sentence, phrase, themes

2. Select the number of concepts to code for: Create a pre-defined or interactive set of classes or theories.

Contd..

Option B allows the researcher to focus on the data for specific materials.

Determine whether the text needs to be coded in the same way they are or theyneed to be in an indifferent form, for example, “dangerous” as “dangerousness”.

These rules make all the works to fall into the same category, or maybe the rulescan be expressed so that the researcher can differentiate these word sections intodiscrete codes.

Decide on the level of implication to be allowed?

3. Determine how to differentiate among different concepts:

Contd..

The author can code what they want to code.

Effectiveness of the coding process is guaranteed when the researcher is intelligibleand dependable in their codes, meaning they are following their translation rules.

Obeying translation rules is equal to validity in content analysis.

4. Develop guidelines to code your text: The Researcher can Develop rules to translate text into codes, which will keep the process reliable or organized.

5. Determine what needs to be done with irrelevant information: That has to be eliminated, for example, eliminating common English words like “the” and “and”.

Contd..

If coding is done manually, there will be changes of getting error in the data, but ifthe coding is done manually, the text could be cleaned of error and misspelling.

This choice of hand vs computer coding is most applicable for implicit materialwhere category preparation is vital for precise coding.

Draw conclusions and simplifications where possible.

6. Code the text: It can be done with software which can be done automatically, quickly and effectively.

7. Analyze your results: Decide precisely regarding irrelevant or unwanted text to ignore or reconsider the coding scheme.

It begins like a conceptual analysis their concept ischosen for study; here, the relation between the conceptsare examined.

Independent concepts are explored as having nostructural meaning, and relatively the idea is to createthe relationships among ideas.

Qualitative Text Analysis helps in identify the researchproblem and select a sample or samples for examination.

Necessary steps need to follow while coding a conceptualanalysis

RelationalAnalysis

Contd..

The research questions must be attentive, so the conception types are not open toAnalysis and summarized.

Carefully select the content for Analysis; always choose enough information toconduct a thorough analysis.

The results are not limited by having too general information so that the codingprocess becomes too difficult and dense to convey meaningful and significant results.

The relational Analysis is classified into three subcategories from primary to goingdown to the general step.

Contd..

A problem in this method is that emotions can differ over time, population and space.

But it effectively captures the emotional and psychological nature of the speaker orauthor of the text.

Text is defined as a sequence of words known as “window” skimmed for the co-occurrence of concepts.

AFFECT EXTRACTION:

PROXIMITY ANALYSIS:

Contd..

The outcome will be the “concept matrix” or a group of interlinked co-occurringconcepts that would recommend an overall meaning.

It helps to create a model representing the overall meaning of the text like agraphic map, and it used to describe the relationships between concepts.

COGNITIVE MAPPING:

Although content analysis tool is widely used to AnalyzeText and Qualitative Data, many Researchers are notfamiliar with content analysis techniques and how tohandle problems inherited in that application.

The issues include identifying sufficient measures,creating proxy dictionaries and coding schemes,operating with texts from numerous sources, confirmingreliability and validity, and guiding manual versuscomputer-aided content analysis.

Conclusion

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