vi

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman Judul

Halaman Pengesahan Pembimbing

Halaman Pengesahan Penguji

Kata Pengantar ..................................................................................................i

MOTTO ..............................................................................................................iii

Halaman persembahan ......................................................................................iv

Daftar Isi ...........................................................................................................vi

Daftar Tabel .......................................................................................................ix

Daftar Gambar ..................................................................................................xi

Abstraksi ..............................................................................................................xii

BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................1

1.1 Latar Belakang .........................................................................................1

1.2 Tinjauan Pustaka ......................................................................................2

1.3 Pemilihan Proses .......................................................................................3

BAB II. PERANCANGAN PRODUK ..............................................................5

2.1 Spesifikasi Bahan Baku.............................................................................5

2.2 Spesifikasi Produk ................................................................................6

2.3 Pengendalian Kualitas ................................................................................7

2.3.2. Pengendalian Kualitas Bahan Baku ............................................7

2.3.2. Pengendalian Kualitas Produk .....................................................7

BAB III. PERANCANGAN PROSES .............................................................10

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3.1 Uraian Proses ...........................................................................................10

3.1.1. Penyiapan Bahan Baku ................................................................11

3.1.2. Pembentukan Gliserol ...................................................................11

3.1.3. Pemekatan ..................................................................................11

3.1.4. Pemisahan ..................................................................................12

3.1.5. Pemurnian ..................................................................................12

3.1.6. Kristalisasi NaCl ...................................................................12

3.1.7. Recycle.............................................................. ...........................12

3.1.8. Metode Perancangan ...................................................................13

3.2 Spesifikasi Alat ........................................................................................23

3.3 Perencanaan Produksi ........................................................................... 49

3.3.1 Analisis Kebutuhan Bahan Baku dan Pembantu .........................49

BAB IV. PERANCANGAN PABRIK .............................................................51

4.1 Lokasi Pabrik ........................................................................................51

4.2 Tata Letak Pabrik ..................................................................................52

4.3 Tata Letak Mesin/Alat Proses ................................................................55

4.4 Pelayanan Teknik (utilitas) ...................................................................57

4.4.1. Pengadaan Air ...............................................................................57

4.4.2. Pengolahan Air ............................................................................61

4.4.3. Pengadaan Tenaga Listrik ..........................................................63

4.4.4. Pengadaan Bahan Bakar ...............................................................64

4.4.5. Pengolahan Limbah .....................................................................65

4.4.6. Laboratorium ...............................................................................65

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4.4.7. Alat-Alat Utilitas .........................................................................65

4.5 Organisasi Perusahaan ............................................................................93

4.5.1 Bentuk Perusahaan ........................................................................93

4.5.2 Struktur Organisasi........................................................................94

4.5.3 Tugas dan Wewenang ...................................................................96

4.5.4 Ketenagakerjaan...........................................................................104

4.5.5 Kesejahteraan Karyawan..............................................................107

4.5.6 Fasilitas Karyawan .....................................................................111

4.5.7 Manajemen Produksi....................................................................113

4.5.8 Perencanaan Produksi ...............................................................114

4.5.9 Pengendalian Produksi ...............................................................115

4.6 Evaluasi Ekonomi ................................................................................ 116

4.6.1 Penaksiran Harga Peralatan ......................................................117

4.6.2 Capital Investment …………………………………………… 120

4.6.3 General Expenses …………………………………………….121

4.6.4 Manufacturing Cost …………………………………………..122

4.6.5 Analisa Kelayakan .....................................................................122

BAB V. PENUTUP.............................................................................................129

5.1 Kesimpulan.............................................................................................129

DAFTAR PUSTAKA.........................................................................................130

LAMPIRAN

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Persentase kegunaan gliserol ………………………………………....2

Tabel 3.1.8.(a) Neraca massa overall……………………………………………13

Tabel 3.1.8.(b) Neraca massa reaktor-01 (R-01) ……………………………….14

Tabel 3.1.8.(c) Neraca massa reaktor-02 (R-02)………………………………..14

Tabel 3.1.8.(d) Neraca massa reaktor-03 (R-03)………………………………..15

Tabel 3.1.8.(e) Neraca massa evaporator-01 (EV-01)……………….………….16

Tabel 3.1.8.(f) Neraca massa evaporator-02 (EV-02) ………………………….16

Tabel 3.1.8.(g) Neraca massa evaporator-03 (EV-03)………………………….17

Tabel 3.1.8.(h) Neraca massa centrifuge (CF)………………………………….17

Tabel 3.1.8.(i) Neraca massa evaporator-04 (EV-04)…………………………..18

Tabel 3.1.8.(j) Neraca massa crystallizer (CR)…………………………………18

Tabel 3.1.8.(k) Neraca panas reaktor-01 (R-01) ……………………………….19

Tabel 3.1.8.(l) Neraca panas reaktor-02 (R-02)…………………………….…..19

Tabel 3.1.8.(m) Neraca panas reaktor-03 (R-03)…………………………….....19

Tabel 3.1.8.(n) Neraca panas evaporator-04 (EV-04)…………………………..20

Tabel 3.1.8.(o) Neraca panas crystallizer (CR)……………………………...….20

Tabel 3.1.8.(p) Neraca panas heater-01 (HE-01)………….…………………....20

Tabel 3.1.8.(q) Neraca panas heater-02 (HE-02)……………………………….21

Tabel 3.1.8.(r) Neraca panas heater-03 (HE-03)………………………………..21

Tabel 3.1.8.(s) Neraca panas heater-04 (HE-04)………………………………..21

Tabel 3.1.8.(t) Neraca panas cooler-01 (CL-01)………………………………..22

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Tabel 3.1.8.(u) Neraca panas cooler-02(CL-02)………………………………..22

Tabel 3.1.8.(v) Neraca panas cooler-03(CL-03)………………………………..22

Tabel 4.4.7.(a) Kebutuhan air pendingin ……………………………………….66

Tabel 4.4.7.(b) Kebutuhan steam………………………………………………..67

Tabel 4.5.4 Rencana pengaturan jadwal kerja group……………………...…...107

Tabel 4.5.5.(a) Jabatan dan prasyarat…………………………………………...108

Tabel 4.5.5.(b) Rencana pengupahan tenaga kerja berdasarkan golongan…......109

Tabel 4.6.1 Perkembangan indeks harga……………………………………….118

Tabel 4.6.2.(a) Fixed capital investment ……………………………………...120

Tabel 4.6.2.(b) Working capital ………………………………………………..121

Tabel 4.6.3 General expenses …………………………………………………121

Tabel 4.6.4 Manufacturing cost ……………………………………………….122

Tabel 5.1 Tolak ukur standard kelayakan………………………………………129

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 4.6.1 Grafik indeks harga………………………………………....…119

Gambar 4.2 Tata letak pabrik ….………………………………………….…124

Gambar 4.3 Tata letak alat proses …………………………...………………125

Gambar 4.4.2 Gambar proses pengolahan air …………...…………….……126

Gambar 4.5 Struktur organisasi perusahaan ………………………...………127

Gambar 4.6.5 Hubungan kapasitas produksi dan biaya …..………....………128