tutankhamun 90 anniversary

7/30/2019 Tutankhamun 90 Anniversary

1/39

The

auThorized

facsimile of the Burial chamBer

of tutankhamun

WiTh sarcophagus , sarcophagus lid

and The missing fragment from The souTh Wall

1922 To 2012The 90t anniversary

of The discovery of The Tomb


2/39

A celebrAtion of

the 90 anniversaryof the discovery of

the tomb of tutAnkhAmun

And the Announcement of A new initiAtive

to sAfeGuArd this And other tombs


3/39

The

auThorized

facsimile of the Burial chamBer

of tutankhamun

WiTh sarcophagus, sarcophagus lid

and The missing fragment from The souTh Wall

A gift to the Republic of e gyptfRom

fActum ARte,the Society foR the fRiendS of the RoyAl tombS of egypt

the fActum foundAtion foR d igitAl technology in conSeRvAtion,And

the univeRSity of bASel

pRepARed foR the euRopeAn union tASkfoRce in cAiRo novembeR 2012


4/39

6

the 90th anniversary.discovery of the to

o nr 4 1922 hwar carr sr xs a ar ra kv9. dr nr ar

wa a sa r. o 25

nr sa rwa a ra was ra. nws sra ra a sr a wrsa. t x a Aar was ra wr s.i 16 frar 1923 r a ara rr js aar a wr ra x sa r. W s a wa was ar a lr carar a hwar carra sr a r ra ra ar. S a taa as r r sr a ar aa. t a s rasrs ar w as s ra ra a ras wr a srs a srr sr ras w a para e ara sas srs r ar carms, va ks a ars xs ra js a sa ar r wr a r a raw w srs e.

t ra 90 arsar sr a xa as ra ar s s car t msr trs e sa cra h r era u as r. i s ar aa rsr ta nrs r aa w rrs a ra xa ass s a ar r s r sra rass r ar sr rsr r rras. ts a w rs a ajr rasr a w.

t wr rr s a ass w arr a eaa lxr, a wr r r a a r fa Ar rr r a as z s, ara rasr aa a r-araz ra r ssa a sa 1:1. t rs ass ar r ras w ra a r-a x ras w ra aa. ts s ssa w ar rsr r ra a a assrs a w ar rsa ra as, s a rs a s sa r r. or sar ra ra s a sjr w w a ar. i s a x j rr.


5/39

8

t as saras a ra ar t taa mar r s as a e. ts s s ara ar saas rs sra a a r r a. is a w sa a s ar hwarcarrs hs wr w r ar a w sr rss ass s a ar s ra ar sr r rsra rass.

facsimile of the tomB of tutankhamun.with sArcophAGus And


6/39

10

inheriting the past the fActum foundAtion ApproAch

t aa ra ra ss s a aa a w r s a aw ass s w ws s, ar a arr . t s va ks ar sa ra asr w-sr a as ta nrs s s ss js e Wr.

t fa fa as r a s ss, r s a, rr sras a srr s ass a arr sa r ss w sa ss ra.ts wr as w s rr, s,ar a ra x srs ea s. i s a ara as ra a aa a as ara r r ar w er. t fas a s w r aa sasar r s a r rs a r asss r s.

t wr ra taa s a a sa 1988 S frs Ra ts e (r s rs d r trA a rs es rssr er hr) w sr Sr c Aqs (ScA) w a sr a ras s a ar s r srr rsra. t r-ra w ar w wss sws wa a aw as a srars wr r w xrs w aa ras a a a.

technoloGy is mAkinG tourism A positive force

As r ra rss rass ra r ar awara a s a ra s s a s a a sra w wa r ar ar a a a s a s sr js r ra s as r sr. W a s s xa ass a aw a xr

ra w a sa r s a sr s s aaa rsr.

t ra a ra ara w ra ars s a ra r s s . ma s rs a a rsr j. t ar ra w s s rss a ra sqs. W wa rr w rs ara s w a r, a was s a aas raa sr a sa rs ar s wrs ss arr as . i s aa a ass w a raw sa r a as 500,000 a srs a ar.

inheriting the past the fActum foundAtion ApproA


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12

pAyinG for the preservAtion of our heritAGe

t as taa as a fa Ar r ass Sr c r Aqs. t wr as r a urs bas a w sr S frs Rats e, wr as fa fa. i as as a as a Ara R e. t s a s va ks a rs wr r lxrs Ws ba.

fa Ars wr ta nrs sar S i 2001.t as a ar w rs r a r s , araw a ess, as, ra ra aars a ScA. tra s wr a s as r ssaa aa wrra ss a rsa. t s s r rs s srs a r a w sr rsra es ra. b, w r aa srr a s ra ss as ra r r sr. ts rj s a ssaa aa wrs ra ra a a ass rs a as ar rs. ta s saar r s ra s va ks

ras a a sr a a ra rra w s s ass s s wr r ss as qa ra s.

the tomb of tutAnkhAmun

i s ra a a rss s rr as.taas s sa a saras a saras r aaawr sa, w sa w saras a wa 126 a

arrws . Wr rr was arr 2009 w rr ra w srs a s -a a r sa a s.o s as arxa 1,000 s . t sr rs a araa rar, a s sa. ms srs swa ra rs wr a was arr a a xrss r ar rs was a a sr a ar s.

tr rs ar w-. t rar as, ara s a s ar srs rs ra a a rss arasr w s a. prs rsra a sa ras ara rs a aara sra a ra

t as ra ar tss iii (a fa Ar a sa t A) was rssw naa gar Ar Was asar x t Qs r ira 2003.S as s r 3 srs.

inheriting the past our responsAbilit


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14

w rs w r ar rr ss. csra ras ara rrs s para (a ras ar rs sas a sa a) s a -rrs ra a asr sra a asr s. e a -xr a s r ra as a was ar a ra a ar rra as. t para raswr s as a taa sr r3245 ars. i 90 ars s s sr as sr srs a.

W a sra qs aw ss r a war aara r rs a w a rras srars. o a w a a a aswr w s aw xr a a wa w a w ra ara, ar raw aaa a rrss a r rss r.

the scAle And public AcceptAnce of this ApproAch

A rj s sa as r a r a a a raa

as ar sra, rsar a s a rss sa r ss. ca as wars ra a r aa as s a sw rss. t ars a a as r a ra sr r ra a a ss a r . S fa Ars xrarar as vrssas a The Wedding at Cana s ra a paaa rr Sa gr mar v rsss a a. ma raar sras a jrass a ar a a s ara, w a sra as ra, s ra a s aa r a a a rsr ra a as ra, a wr a a aa was s r, ms lr.

eGypts innovAtive ApproAch

e, r s r ras w urs bas, S frs Ra ts e, fa Ar a fa fa,as sra a s a rr s w ara rsra a

fas vrss The Wedding at Cana,faz gr c, v.

ara a s ass a a ra as as aa a a r. t wa w a a ra a j ras as as as s a s. or as s w w s rs as wa w w sa r.

fActum foundAtions work

fa fa ara w a w ra sass, s rs ara. i as r r a as, swars a r a sas rss r rr s w a r ss r ass a ar jara, sa rs a aa r a a rss.

Wr s w as ra ar taa( a s s wa ra r js

ra ar), saras a s . i s w rs s wr e, sa ar hwar carrs s a ra va

ks a aw a w ra s as a ra .vsrs s ra sar r ws, s a xr rra ass a nrar a as S i ar a r sr xr. ts r s taas ra a a as w aaa r as sr ra as ara a s a q ra w r ass w rss aw a xrs a a a w a sa r ras as a s r.

Access to the dAtA

fa Ar as a ar wars aa a as rr e. Wrrss s a r ass sars a ra ra cra cs a r a ra s Sr c Aqs w a rss rsr aaa es ra ra. t w la sar, sa

fa Ar r wr s va ks as a q ar,w s a rrs raw w s rss s s w swar. taaa s, aa s r r sr, s a a rrss a rrss r w s aaa. fr sa w s ass qs a w a w rar r. i

s wa es ra s sr, rr a a aaa ra a e w r a r ras.

t fa fa s sra a w sa a ra r a rsra es ra, a raws sr a as a s a s a a ara s-asra s a ss. i a a a as wa r rs wr.

inheriting the past our responsAbilit

J m-s.p fa fa


9/39

16

t srs a a sa a rar a s s . ts rasa a sa w asr sra s r xa a ra. ts a w r a r r.

cultural tourism cAn it be A pro-Active And beniGn force?

t rs a ts va ks ar ra: ra s ar a aar .t s wr s as wr r s. t rs sas srs a a ass aa aa aas a rar a 3,000 ar asr was awsa. b sa as a sra as a ar sa asr r s ra s rrs as w sa s asr a r ra a s awar r. W s w a a as ss s w ar sa.

cs s t taa ras a r a ara s a a ss a a r a ra . ts ara rs ra a rr s. ts s r as, rs r r.

t w rss rs as a ra r a rsra ta nrs. nw s r ra rs r-a s rasw ra ra.

cultural tourismcAn it be A pro-Active And beniGn for

A r wa asr s awa r r a ars r. S a aas ara arr a ar ara s ar as.

i s as s as ara sar. i swsr fra sas srsa a a s lasax ii, a as a was 1983. t nca Aara ( 2001) w aras r s r srs srs a s ra a ar Saar nrr Sa was s 1979. vss ersa s tarqa (a a sa rs a ar a s ta rs) ar w srr a ra. S, ar ars ssss a a s wr a ajr rasra w w rs a w sr r a r-asa a r. ts ss fra, Sa, ia a ea

ara as rs a srs. tr rs rsra ss. ma ar w r a r as a rs ar s ss, js as w e as tars s rr a r-ra. fa Ar as a r sw aras r r 12 ars a wr arr e r Src Aqs rrss a qa a, rs aswar, r ra rs a sr xr.


10/39

18

tutankhamun at risk dAmAGe And rep

material fragility

t ra sra taa s ar s (). err a ar s s w s ass r saras.Ra s r was () s ar ar. A ra was as a ss. bw w ar s a sra r sr, s a a s ss, a r s rs w as as a ss.

vr s w a as s ea ras rsra sra ss a as ajr s a w axr a aa . ts aws sra ra. t

a s () a a r arar a aar a aar. t a s ra a ara. t aa a s s a ar ra rs. ma s aar a aw a s a a s ss w a rs rs. t aaras ar ra a r wa r ajr .

A ar ara r wa as a ra w srar ra s aara r-ara a r ar asr was s . As qa a rs s r (a). ts s ar a w a a rs w s ars. trar s ar swr .


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20

the work carried out in the tomB of tutankhamun

i nr 2008 a Ar 2009 Sr c Aqs ra urs bas a rr a ra xa ras rs ta rs: S i (s s 1980s), t Q nrar (s w aajr sra a g csra is) a t taa (ws sr was a Jaar 2011 w srr ).

i Sr 2009 ra ar a saras taawr rr 3d a r a s rs r a aar-sa. bw sr 2009 a w a sas wra r a a xa as s w . taa a was s a as s rr s r a

ara rr a a s a a . t s a aa s a wa a r w a s raa ScA a r a r s ras.

er sa s wr as ra fa Ar. ms q as sa s r sa aa, sasswar as wr, a w a rr as , w arasa a aras a r. t rss sar ss. t s r Sr c Aqs ar rsr s a a r rara. t as a srars, aas a rsa js ss r a r j was.

ts a ss ssaa a w rasr. i s sa s as a ss. bw rasrr a ea a wr lxr w w arr rr as a aa ra S i a a Q nrar. t sa s w s ss a s ar wr rr a w ras awr r r s as a r-rra w ass. As a rs as w r a r a sarra a a r ass.

t s ass w r r a w sr r a w a ar va ks ass s a ar s

a aa sr s a ar ra . ts wa a sa r r ras w ra r as a r a a as a ss as qa ra s.

ts , wr rr, a, rasr a ra taa, as xas w s ara w wr a w w . As ar a a a ra s ras s as a rss a as r , r ara a aa. t a a rjs fa Ar s ra ra ra aras a sra a as as a rs a sa r.

making the facsimile. the work cArried out in the to


12/39

22

t w as r a sa sr ra sas rss a as ra ar taa.

t sar as arwar a swar sar s s. ts as rqr a a aa r as rss r lasr sa ss ssr r rs as 3 sa sras. tr a a a s a wa as r ar: x wr w a wa rwar s wr as a a. n- a a a ss a w rqr asr a sas rss. ts s ra a sr w, awr, -raara a a rs.

a description of the process

making the facsimile. A description of the proc


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vars rr sss taa.Rr sras a s a as a s a s. b as a a rs ar s a a sss sra rs a aw rs.is : pr mr, ma ka a grr ds aa .

making the facsimile. recordinG in the to


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S lasr Sar was ra r wr S i 2001. i was as a w ara, asr ss s 3d Sarsuk a ar r a Rrsa. i was a s as rrs w aa sra a rr aa wasr s. ts was a a rr sra a rrr 100 asr s r sq r. or ars wr sra sa rs- asr sa a (ara w mrs, b) a ra a ss a(w ipRem, mar).

Ar ars wr w asr sa ars raa sss a r ar. t s sa s r ss rr sss a swar s s-rss aa. ts asrs sa rsar fa Ars rs s wa a aa a as a -rss- w sar ( la sar). t sar as r as w ars a s w s. t swar,r ra ss sar a rss aa s as . t swar as 3d ra as a a a a s a w s xs swar aas. ts rs xs 3d swar a aa w wr.

the seti scanner (laser scanner)

prs War wr w S Sar(rs 3) sa

ra ar taa.

making the facsimile. 3d lAser scAnn

la 3d asr sar as s ma fraq a a fa Ar sa r wr r sras s va ks. is s as arss a aa sss ara 3d sa ra ra s, aa sra, swara rrs w sra ra a sa. tw s ra ars sar ar s aa sa (sa a rr a ar rs a ss sras) a a a aa s rr as raw a a w . Rr raw ss ssa fa Ar ara rs sa. ms

asr sars asra ra as s rr a r xs 3d swar rss aa. t la sar wrs ws w swar. t -asra aa s ar s raw r a rss a s a r a s. ts w aw r r-rss raw s r, a a r rs a raaa rs ra ss a aas sa a s aasra. t la sar a ra rs. t swarsra sr ra s a s s. i s -w a as rasr. i as s r s rr ss w assa xr s. t w ss s ar ra.

the lucida scanner (laser scanner)


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i t taa a was wr rr w w sa ss a r r rss: 200 rs, 400 rs a700 rs. W s ara was s s w aqa r s S i a nrar wr w w as rrr. t sar a ra a r rss s rqrs r

rr a s rss. fa Ars ara s s w ss a w la asr sar.

making the facsimile. 3d white liGht scAnn

fa Ar as s a n3d S w sa ss(s a a ra). Sidio s a sa ss a s a x a , 3d r a a a rss xra 3dras r a js sra. ts q s w as srr raa. 3d ra s aqr aaz raas w ara s ar rj sra a j. A srs as ar ar a ara a s ra rr a.ts rss s rr w ss. fr s as sar aaa w ra ara a -ra XyZ ra sra j. ds s s s r ssar ra sr sra sa j w rs. trr was arr a rss pr mr. A aawas ar as ra tRi s, pif s, pwrs s a r ss.

the sidio pro scanner (white light scanner)


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h rs ra aa s ssa r s s a a rrsa a w wr a a arsa w a as a rs s rs.is grr d a pr mr wr t taa.

making the facsimile. pArAllel photoGrAp

fr rr taa w r r-r srrs wr s a ara a a x sa ara sra wa. t r was ra s a caeoS5dii w r a 100 r 180 ar s (a). or 16000ras wr a r a ra a sraw a rs w 600 - 800 dpi a 1:1. t a raar s arxa 300 as aa. ts rr rssa ra a a w ssa

r a a ra a a s a a (). ts ra aa was s g csra isw rss ScA a s s a rrr .

S 2009, grr d as a was r s a ara ra. t s s x arara w ara rr. fr r rr a dr cass hdara a a a sa as wr w a uv r er-s as a w a ss rr a r r waw xs s wr s.

parallel photography


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making the facsimile. colour mAtch

fa Ars srar, na far (), was ar ar rr sas a ar a ra ar r ass. i rr r a as a as ara r sssar a ar rs ra w rs as. t as as a s a r s a r sa s a xs ().

t a rr r s rsa xrx a sra. t as wr x as ra aras a w a a a a rs a a

r rr as rs a ss a ra sra. ew a ara r r s a w ar a (a).

Rsar was arr s a rs s ars rr rsa sra ararss a ra sra. A ara rsa r qs a a r 3d ra, s ss rar a ras, s sra a sra . A a sr sra s s rr aras w a r, sra xr, ars a a ss sra, r-a, rrs, arar ra a a, rs ss r rssa aa r.

colour matching


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making the facsimile. merGinG 3d And colour dA

fa Ars ara r rs asss r 3d ra sra a

rs r ra rr . ts wr s s a ss. As s s raa s rqrs s a r sr ar s a r w r aa a sra aa. t ajr s r a 3d aa was ra grr d,pr mr, baa n a Aa gra w ar ass aar r was .

merging 3d and colour data


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making the facsimile.rout

A a w a ar js sar rsa r ras a a s a rs ra ra fa Ar as sa rr. t wr w ar rs r va kss a w wa rss r ra wr a ar a r a s a sa wr w sa a r ss a.

ts wr as ss r a w ss a r.

nw, a ss a a a r as a as r ss a ra w a sas wr assa a a a a wrr lxr. t s s axs ar rss s r 3d aa ra as a rss. t wr w fa Ar s arr Jar barra pr mr s Arca swar a vr 3 axs r as.

t r a 1 x 1 sq r a 3d a a rs 300 rs asarxa 400 rs. i rr r r sra s nrar a S i r a s rs w rqr 50 aswr r 10 rs r a r 3.5 ars. i s a a s wr w lxr w a sa ra arr s wr.

routing


20/39

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ora wa ra a rs w a rr a r a rrs r.

vra rr 3d aa w r .

making the facsimile. stAGes of the proc

psa r 3d aa r ra w r r-r.

fa as ra w ra ra sra.


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40

making the facsimile. AssemblinG the fAcsim


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42

making the facsimile. mAkinG the printAble s

t rara a as r a was a r rss raa . fa Ars a a rr a r aa a s a a a sra.A ar xr 3 r aras was a s. i was Raa Raws, Sa Rs a Aa lw. trs ara s a x -j r a w a arss a a as ar sr. i s s ars r a s xr s . t wr a a s ss was Asa mar a mara car pasa.


23/39

44

making the facsimile. printi

t r as was Raa Raws s a a -j rr. fr a ars s rr as a r fa Arsara r ass. W s rr a a ars r r rsra. ts ara as a r a a r a a ar sr ar a.

t ara r rss a r s as. t r srr ra a r rss. t rs s s r rs ras ss a ar rs r sas a na far. t r ajssar w s A ps. d a a a s-ar ara rara r s s as xr a s rar.

printing


24/39

46

making the facsimile. fixinG the printed sk

o r x ss ar s s a sw-r aas. S a ar ssa sr xa ras

w sra a r. Wr w a ra s ss a r-s a as r rrs r sra. o s rr s a r ar a a a a rssr s a as as r.

positioning and fixing the skins


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making the facsimile. vAcuum Adhesi

d ssar- arar sw s x sra as arar wa .


26/39

50

making the facsimile. AssemblinG the fAcsim

t ra ar s ass r r as a ar r r s. i as s r as rasr aass. o s ass a js ar a r-.

t rs r as s sa as s s va ks. o sa s a sa w ss wr ass a rar as rr ras sars w ra a as. t r arar a as s sra sr a sa s a a ra .

assemBling the facsimile


27/39

52

making the facsimile. finAl fAcsimile in the worksh


28/39

54

t saras was sa s asr a w sar a rss w 100 rs a 250rs. i was r ss s ra,

j r a as a rs s rs ra r ra. t ras a a r wr a

a na far r ras a s a .is: Sa Rs wr rs as Saras.

making the facsimile. sArcophAG


29/39

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t saras , a r a r ra rs Saras was sa, r a as saa, a sssa a r s, a ara s, aar a ar s ra ara was s Ras a ar c17 . Sas br a ass a ra a r a sr a a rs as arar ra.

making the facsimile. sArcophAGus


30/39

58

making the facsimile. ceil

t asr taa ras a as wa s wr ar a rar. ls s ars, a a1 w, aar a a rss a rrars sra rr asr.

A ar rar rs arss ra ar a xs

aar a r ar as s rsr aras asr .tras a a asr r ra was x a r as. tr s r-ara ars wa ss a s was aa w wasra r w was sa.

the ceiling


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making the facsimile. the missinG pAnel from the south w

Wr w asssa r gr is oxr, w s asa harr brs a a w ra a ra r r s wa t taa, baa n as rsr sr s rs a s wa rr 2009. i a asa rss ra harr brwas ar a s s. t ras a ra ar waw aar a ra ar was r wr a a sara r sa w wr s hwarcarr. t s a a w ra wr ar sa a rs s . t r iss as r wra s rs r a a ras ar as .hwr r s s a ar w. As wasss ar r a r.

t sra was ar a, rar w asr a ss a r a rr.

t ss ra was a rr r js, s rr wras s w. t r-ra ssss s s a ra ar wr a s rs.ts w sa ra w rr S i- r arw r 100 ras ss a s ar wr- ars w sra r ss a wr r r rrrg a ar w ms lr a ms Ar fr. ts w ras a a r w rsra sr w r r r a r a r ra .

south wall: recovering the missing pieces


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comparisons

between photoGrAphs tAken by

harry Burton

at the time of the discovery of the tomB in 1922

And

photoGrAphs tAken by

alicia guirao

in 2012 of the facsimile in factum artes workshop in madrid


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tutankhamun facsimile. compArison between 1922 And 2


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the next phAse:

dr s wr va ks, fa Ar as a r sa as rr s a ara rsss a a rs s raa aas r a rr a r-rajs ra ra. i s w ss wr w Ara R e x as rra r-ra s S i a nrar. b s s ar s . t a s r asr w x ar s xs a w a ass rass r r ra. A sa rss ss s ass w ra xra rs a r r ras a ar a a rsra r ss e a ar ss as ss ra.

new fAcsimiles:

t a rr, ar a as sr r saa a w sr r va ks w a ajr ra, a w sa ras s r sr as a s a w e a w aw r a rss rsra ra ra. i s s wr fa Ar a S frs Ra ts e w aa rasr a ss a a a lxr

r a q ssar sas s aa wrss wr. ts w a wa asrs a s a w s a ara a ras as w rjs ar a.

ts rasr as a ar ras w ScA s sar wr 2001: fa Arwas sar s a w s a wa as ra a ssaa r s w sra e. t s a, w s a wa ra ra e r pr-para s rs a,a raa wrs s w rw a . As a rs w rsr wa w ara w aa x w a s w a w srs a as a s sr r r rara a a .

cost, fundinG And scAle of the tAsk:

t a s as s rs, as s rqrs rs a a . A as a r as 10 ars. nw s r raa aa s ara.

t t S i s arxa 2,300 2 r r ar. t x sra ras a r s araa a a r a a a a s was sr bz 1817. t t Q narar sa 9002 a as a r sra sr. bw 1986 a 1992 g csra is r a assss, aass, r ra, a sra . As a rs r s a ar 1992 a a ar rr ra. br 1989 sa rsas wass asr a awa r s was. hwr sa s a s qs a as s ra sr r sra ars.

ts w s, ra ra r a rsa ra ta nrs, rr ar r. t aa a w ra rr as ras r ra xa ass a a ass aa w ra x ras s as ss. t rr a a rs ssar

r a ara as a r a ar a r s w a a sa a . ia wr s w s fa Ar s ass a rr, ar a raa ara assw arr ara. i s wa rss w ara a r.

fa fa a S frs Ra ts e r r rss. i ssa a a rqr w a 20 (a a s a wrsra s as rar). t arr rr a a ass w ras r a as, ss, rras aas. t sas w a srsr a rr a sra r ss ta rs. t s a s w x asss w rsra ars ss r ars r.

t s w rr a ea a as Ws ba, lxr, wr w xrs r fa Ar. taa w ra ar a rss. i w sr a s as lxr wr r rsssrqr a ass. t 3d rr w s sx la sars r fa fa. t

a rars w ra a a r fa Ar as ar a sa rasr a s. i s ra rr a as r s arr a a s a . t a w r saa -sa r as a Ws ba wrss r Sr Aqs a c lxr. ts wrss w a ra a r rsra a sraras a s aa a w a sr sa ss. t a s s wrs r 1,000,000 ( assss s r as a s 750,000). ea s as w ra as rs r a a w rqr rar r r r as w a rsr r w rss. R a ara s s ( as a r a r r rs r a s sqar r) ssr sss ass.

i s aa a ass s S i a Q nrar w a 5 ars .

trAvellinG exhibitions:

i a ra a as s S i, nar a taa w ra sr rs e,

s a r ra s ass r r xs. ts w a sra a r ssrs ra aa rrs e. t sa a a S i, arar, s sa rr as ss a ajr aa s ar wr w a as x as a ajr ara; w r r r r a as w as a r ra as a ars. t xw s x , s sr s s bz, ras a wr r 19

aa as sqzs a wr a r was (ras sj a as rss a rars). t ass s S i a nrar ar a wr a a rsa sra a rsra es s ra ra.

sustAinAble tourism:

ts sr wr r ass r sr r a ra va ks, a rx a ra a a ea aas rqrs a s a sa 20 . ts w r a r a w ara ssaa rs. t a s ra a r s x a a wr as a r ra w as sra a w ar aaa sr a rj s a s-a a w ra rs a w rsr r sar ra rr r ras ar a s.

conclusion:

S frs Ra ts e , fa Ar, fa fa a urs bas ar wr a as sar a r s a sra rj a sss s. A ra wr as ara arr . A as ra ras. t x as rqrs a sa aa s q a sas wrss lxrs Ws ba.

ts Swss/eu a w ra ras, rasr a ss a ea a a aa a sas wr sr r a ass s S i, nrar ataa. i rr w rqr rwa rsss ra Sr c Aqs a ssr r msrs trs a Aqs. Wr r w a a wr s a sr a t taa a ass x ra .

tutankhamun facsimile. conclusio


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t fa Ar a r as ;

Aa lw, ma fraq, grr d, pr mr, Jacars Aras, Raa Raws, na far, car fras, baan, dw prr, lar caas, Asa mar, mara carpasa, mara gzz, Sas br, Sa Rs, da lz,

Aa gra, gar Sara, Jar barr, ear crras, carsba, m b, Js ma p, trsa Sar, ca yas,Ja ka a faa irzz.

t rar saa cra , car was :ma Rrs, ma prr, ma War, o lw, Ax p,Jar barr, ear crras a Aa lw.

t fas w sr a era u eass s lxr s . i w a Ara R e.

A ar x Aa lw.

tx Aa lwtx Jas maa S

p rs:

Aras f. v (tss iii As bas, a 11). gr is, urs oxr r a as a harr br (as 5, 62, 64, 66 a 68). Aa gra, grr d, Ja cars Aras, Aa lw,gar Sara r a as a fa Ar.

i a r a as a r 10 ars r ar a a er a e.

tas : Sa A, msa, A, r a marsa a egazra hs, ma ka, ma msa, dr ma masr,Jss A, dr gaaa, dr hawass, tar Wa, ea eZaa, larabaa, cars-ear h, dr Ar Ws, dr crsa l,k Ws, faza haa, Ra Js, fras baar, dAsq, n Aw, A lr, Wa ow, Jarr ma,ca Wars, d frr, naaa Asa, Raq carra Aarz,Jas mra, crsa la, Saa ira, ma isa, tmsr trs, e Ar a r r Sr c Aqs lxr a car w a s asssa.

t wr r ass s va ks was sar 1988 tA, er hr a S frs Ra ts e (Zr). S 2001 S fr s Ra ts e as wr w fa Ar (mar) r a ra. S 2009 fa fa as ra s rqr r fas ra ar t taa. A wr t taa was r r Sr c Aqs ra urs bas Ar 21s 2009. t rr t S i was arr r a ss urs bas 30 or 2008.

ds baa n

pr J S irsr mar, 2012la s: m-35006-2012

www.a-ar.www.aa.r

www.sr.

ts s a prs War w was a ar as a fa Ar s s a 2009, s ars wr taa. hs ra a rrs ar ss r a.


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tutankhamun 90 anniversary

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