tugas terowongan handika nugraha

8/16/2019 Tugas Terowongan Handika Nugraha

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TUGAS TEKNIK TEROWONGAN

NAMA : HANDIKA NUGRAHA

NIM : 212150018

Bukaan Tambang dengan bentuk tapal kuda

1. Desain Bukaan Tambang dengan bentuk tapal kuda

2. Menentukan arah umum menggunakan software DIPS


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3. Menentukan runtuhan dengan menggunakan software Unwedge

dengan arah terowongan

Trend = 58˚

Potensi kelongsoran pada terowongan dinyatakan pada gambar di bawah ini :


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Unwedge Analys is Informat ion

Project Settings

Project Title: Stability Analysis of Wedges for Underground ExcavationsWedges Computed: Perimeter and End WedgesUnits: Metric, stress as tonnes/m2

General Input Data

Tunnel Axis Orientation:Trend: 58°Plunge: 0°

Design Factor of Safety: 1.500Unit Weight of Rock: 2.700 t/m3Unit Weight of Water: 0.981 t/m3

Seismic Forces

Not Used

Scale Wedges Settings

Not Used

Joint Orientations

Joint 1Dip: 73°Dip Direction: 242°



Joint Properties Joint Properties 1

Water PressureConstant: 0 tonnes/m2

Waviness: 0°Shear Strength Model: Mohr-Coulomb

Phi: 35°Cohesion: 10 tonnes/m2Tensile Strength: 0 tonnes/m2

Bolt Propertie Bolt Property 1

Bolt Type: Mechanically AnchoredTensile Capacity: 10 tonnesPlate Capacity: 10 tonnes

Anchor Capacity: 10 tonnesShear Strength: UnusedBolt Orientation Efficiency: Used

Method: Cosine Tension/Shear


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Shotcrete Properties Shotcrete Property 1

Shear Strength: 200.00 t/m2Unit Weight: 2.600 t/m3Thickness: 10.00 cm

Support Summary

Summary of Perimeter ShotcreteNo Shotcrete on Perimeter

Summary of Perimeter Support PressureNo Support Pressure on Perimeter

Summary of Perimeter Bolt PatternsNo Bolt Patterns on Perimeter

Summary of End Bolt Patterns

No Bolt Pattern on Ends

Summary of End Support PressureNo Support Pressure on Ends

Summary of End ShotcreteNo Shotcrete on Ends

Wedge Information

Lower Right wedge [1]Factor of Safety: 8916.098

Wedge Weight: 0.000 tonnes

Lower Right wedge [2]Factor of Safety: 27.340Wedge Weight: 0.694 tonnes

Roof wedge [4]Factor of Safety: 0.697Wedge Weight: 262.322 tonnes

Floor wedge [5]Factor of Safety: stableWedge Weight: 599.798 tonnes

Lower Left wedge [7]Factor of Safety: 13.639Wedge Weight: 1.396 tonnes

Upper Left wedge [8]Factor of Safety: 0.000Wedge Weight: 0.004 tonnes

Near End wedge [9]Factor of Safety: stableWedge Weight: 32.217 tonnes

Far End wedge [10]Factor of Safety: 6.664Wedge Weight: 34.775 tonnes


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Desain Bukaan Tambang dengan bentuk Persegi

1. Desain Bukaan Tambang dengan bentuk persegi

2. Menentukan arah umum menggunakan software DIPS


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3. runtuhan dengan menggunakan software Unwedge

dengan arah terowongan

Trend = 58˚

Unwedge Analys is Informat ion

Document Name

File Name: Unwedge kotak.weg

Project Settings

Project Title: Stability Analysis of Wedges for Underground ExcavationsWedges Computed: Perimeter and End WedgesUnits: Metric, stress as tonnes/m2


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General Input Data

Tunnel Axis Orientation:Trend: 58°Plunge: 0°

Design Factor of Safety: 1.500Unit Weight of Rock: 2.700 t/m3Unit Weight of Water: 0.981 t/m3

Seismic Forces

Not Used

Scale Wedges Settings

Not Used

Joint Orientations




Joint Properties

Joint Properties 1Water Pressure

Constant: 0 tonnes/m2Waviness: 0°Shear Strength Model: Mohr-Coulomb

Phi: 35°Cohesion: 10 tonnes/m2Tensile Strength: 0 tonnes/m2

Bolt Properties

Bolt Property 1Bolt Type: Mechanically AnchoredTensile Capacity: 10 tonnesPlate Capacity: 10 tonnes

Anchor Capacity: 10 tonnesShear Strength: UnusedBolt Orientation Efficiency: Used

Method: Cosine Tension/Shear

Shotcrete Properties

Shotcrete Property 1

Shear Strength: 200.00 t/m2Unit Weight: 2.600 t/m3Thickness: 10.00 cm


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Support Summary

Summary of Perimeter ShotcreteNo Shotcrete on Perimeter

Summary of Perimeter Support PressureNo Support Pressure on Perimeter

Summary of Perimeter Bolt Patterns

No Bolt Patterns on Perimeter

Summary of End Bolt PatternsNo Bolt Pattern on Ends

Summary of End Support PressureNo Support Pressure on Ends

Summary of End ShotcreteNo Shotcrete on Ends

Wedge Information

Lower Right wedge [2]Factor of Safety: 4.066Wedge Weight: 171.178 tonnes

Roof wedge [4]Factor of Safety: 0.469Wedge Weight: 1271.762 tonnes

Floor wedge [5]Factor of Safety: stableWedge Weight: 1271.762 tonnes

Upper Left wedge [7]Factor of Safety: 3.687Wedge Weight: 171.178 tonnes

Near End wedge [9]Factor of Safety: stableWedge Weight: 100.818 tonnes

Far End wedge [10]Factor of Safety: 4.738Wedge Weight: 100.818 tonnes


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Perhitungan Manual

Diket :

l1 = 47,62 m l12 = 45,16 m

l2 = 48,097 m l23 = 4,37 m

l3 = 6,69 m l13 = 4,065 m

θ12 = 8˚ β12 = 9˚

θ23 = 82˚ β23 = 59˚

θ13 = 90˚ β13 = 61˚

bobot isi = 2,7 ton/m3

Rumus yang digunakan :

Af =1

l1l2sinθ12 =

1

l2l3sinθ23 =

1

l1l3sinθ13

h = l12tanβ12 = l23tanβ23 = l13tanβ13

V =Afxh

3

Jawab :


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Af =1

l1l2sinθ12 =

1

l2l3sinθ23 =

1

l1l3sinθ13

= 1

47,62 48,097 sin 8˚ =

1

48,097 6,69 sin 82 ̊=

1

47,62 m x 6,69 m x sin 90˚

= 159,378m² = 159,318 m² = 159,288 m²

Af rata-rata = 159,328 m²

h = l12tanβ12 = l23tanβ23 = l13tanβ13

= 45,16 m x tan 9˚ = 4,37 m x tan 59˚ = 4,065 m x tan 61˚

= 7,15 m = 7,27 m = 7,33 m

Hrata-rata = 7,25 m

V =Afxh

3

=15,3 x ,5

3

= 385,0426 m3 x 2,7 ton/m3

= 1039,61 ton

Tabel perbandingan volume perhitungan manual dengan Unwedge

No Tapal Kuda Persegi Manual1 262,322 tonnes 1271,762 tonnes 1039,61 tonnes

Persentase perbedaan antara Perhitungan persegi berbanding Manual :

% Perbedaan =11,−13,1

11, x 100 %= 18%

Kesimpulan :

Desain bukaan menggunakan Unwadge yang volume runtuhannya paling mendekati dengan perhitungan manual adalah desain persegi. Perbedaan volume runtuhan pada roof antara perhitungan

Unwedge pada bukaan tambang berbentuk persegi dengan Manual adalah 18%. Perhitungan

menggunakan software unwedge lebih besar dari perhitungan manual.

Untuk perbedaan volume runtuhan pada roof antara persegi dan tapal kuda sebesar 1009,44 ton,

volume runtuhan pada desain bukaan terowongan persegi lebih besar dari desain terowongan berbentuk

tapal kuda.

Dari hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentuk desain bukaan terowongan memperngaruhi

jumlah volume failure yang terjadi. Desain tapal kuda lebih ekonomis dalam penggunaan dikarenakan

volume yang akan berpotensi runtuh lebih kecil sehingga penyangga yang digunakan lebih sedikit dan

penanganan lebih mudah.

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