TUGAS AKHIR

DASAR PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN

ARSITEKTUR (DP3A)

REDESAIN PASAR TRADISIONAL WIRADESA PEKALONGAN

(dengan Konsep Modern dan Sustainable)

Diajukan sebagai Pelengkap dan Syarat

Guna Mencapai Gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Oleh:

MOH. FAHMI AJI PANGESTU

D 300 140 033

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2018

v

KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamualaikum wr.wb.

Puji syukur saya panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, karena dengan rahmat,

karunia, dan anugerah-Nya, saya telah dapat menyelesaikan Laporan Dasar-dasar

Program Perencanaan dan Perancangan Arsitektur (DP3A) Tugas Akhir yang

berjudul ‘Redesain Pasar Tradisional Wiradesa dengan Konsep Modern dan

Sustainable’

Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penyusunan ini tidak lepas dari pihak-

pihak yang telah banyak membantu dengan semua saran, kritik, sumbangan

pikiran, tenaga dan waktu, serta bimbingan yang diberikan kepada penyusun.

Dengan penuh rasa hormat, penulis ingin mengucapkan terimakasih sebesar-

besarnya kepada :

1. Ibu Dr. Ir. Widyastuti Nurjayanti, M.T., selaku Ketua Program Studi

Arsitektur Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

2. Ibu Yayi Arsandrie ST.MT selaku pembimbing dalam Dasar-dasar Program

Perencanaan dan Perancangan Arsitektur (DP3A).

3. Ibu Suharyani ST.MT selaku koordinator Dasar-dasar Program Perencanaan

dan Perancangan Arsitektur (DP3A) Program Studi Arsitektur Universitas

Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

4. Orang tuaku tercinta atas segala perhatian, kasih sayang, serta doa yang tiada

henti-hentinya.

5. Bapak Ibu Dosen Penguji yang telah memberi saran yang membangun untuk

tugas akhir ini.

6. Untuk teman-teman studio periode juli-oktober yang telah banyak membantu

dan mendengarkan keluh kesah penulis di dalam pelaksanaan pengerjaan

tugas akhir.

7. Sahabat, teman yang sudah mendukung selama dilaksanakan nya studio

sampai pendadaran.

vii

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ..................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENILAIAN .......................................................................................... ii

LEMBAR PENILAIAN ......................................................................................... iii

PERNYATAAN ..................................................................................................... iv

KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................ v

DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. x

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. xii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1

1.1. Pengertian Judul ....................................................................................... 1

1.2. Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 2

1.3. Rumusan Permasalahan ............................................................................ 4

1.4. Tujuan dan Sasaran .................................................................................. 5

1.5. Lingkup Pembahasan ............................................................................... 5

1.6. Metode Pembahasan ................................................................................. 5

1.6.1. Metode Pengumpulan Data ............................................................ 5

1.6.2. Metode Analisis Data..................................................................... 6

1.7. Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................... 6

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................. 7

2.1. Pasar ......................................................................................................... 7

2.1.1. Jenis Pasar ...................................................................................... 9

2.1.2. Klasifikasi Pasar .......................................................................... 11

2.1.3. Komponen Pasar .......................................................................... 11

2.1.4. Persyaratan Pasar ......................................................................... 13

2.1.5. Permasalahan Pasar Tradisional .................................................. 15

2.2. Pasar Modern .......................................................................................... 16

2.2.1. Pengertian Pasar Modern ............................................................. 16

2.2.2. Konsep Pasar Modern .................................................................. 16

2.2.3. Ciri Umum Pasar Modern ............................................................ 17

viii

2.2.4. Standar Pasar Modern .................................................................. 19

2.2.5. Potensi Pasar Modern .................................................................. 24

2.3. Evaluasi Purna Huni (EPH) Pasar Wiradesa Pekalongan ...................... 24

2.3.1. Kondisi Eksisting Pasar Wiradesa ............................................... 30

2.3.2. Peraturan Pembangunan Pasar di Kabupaten Pekalongan ........... 32

2.4. Studi Banding ......................................................................................... 34

2.4.1. Pasar Klewer Surakarta ................................................................ 34

2.4.2. Pasar BSD (Bukit Serpong Damai) Tangerang ........................... 36

2.4.3. Kesimpulan Studi Banding .......................................................... 37

2.5. Redesain Pasar ........................................................................................ 38

2.5.1. Pengertian Redesain ..................................................................... 41

2.5.2. Arsitektur Modern........................................................................ 42

2.5.3. Sustainable Architecture .............................................................. 46

BAB III GAMBARAN UMUM DAN GAGASAN PERANCANGAN .............. 49

3.1 Gambaran Umum ................................................................................... 49

3.1.1. Geografis ...................................................................................... 50

3.1.2. Klimatologi .................................................................................. 50

3.2. Data Non Fisik ........................................................................................ 51

3.2.1. Kependudukan ............................................................................. 51

3.2.2. Pariwisata ..................................................................................... 53

3.2.3. Perdagangan ................................................................................. 55

3.3. Pasar di Kabupaten Pekalongan ............................................................. 55

3.4. Rencana Tata Ruang Kabupaten Pekalongan ......................................... 56

3.5. Gagasan Perencanaan ............................................................................. 58

3.5.1. Definisi......................................................................................... 58

3.5.2. Tujuan Redesain Pasar Tradisional Wiradesa ............................. 59

3.5.3. Fungsi Redesain Pasar Tradisional Wiradesa .............................. 59

BAB IV ANALISA PENDEKATAN DAN KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN

PERANCANGAN ................................................................................................ 61

4.1. Gagasan Perancangan ............................................................................. 61

4.2. Analisa dan Konsep Site ......................................................................... 62

ix

4.2.1. Analisa Pencapaian ...................................................................... 62

4.2.2. Analisa Sirkulasi .......................................................................... 63

4.2.3. Analisa View................................................................................ 65

4.2.4. Analisa Vegetasi .......................................................................... 66

4.2.5. Analisa Zonifikasi ........................................................................ 69

4.2.6. Analisa Pencahayaan ................................................................... 72

4.2.7. Analisa Penghawaan .................................................................... 73

4.2.8. Analisa Penataan Zona Dagang ................................................... 74

4.3. Analisa dan Konsep Ruang .................................................................... 75

4.3.1. Analisa Pelaku Kegiatan .............................................................. 75

4.3.2. Analisa Jenis Kegiatan dan Kebutuhan Ruang ............................ 76

4.4. Analisa dan Konsep Massa ..................................................................... 78

4.4.1. Bentuk Dasar Bangunan .............................................................. 78

4.4.2. Sketsa Ide Bentuk Bangunan ....................................................... 78

4.4.3. Pola Tata Massa Bangunan .......................................................... 78

4.5. Analisa dan Konsep Tampilan Arsitektur .............................................. 79

4.5.1. Eksterior Bangunan...................................................................... 79

4.5.2. Interior Bangunan ........................................................................ 80

4.6. Analisa dan Konsep Struktur dan Utilitas .............................................. 81

4.6.1. Analisa Struktur ........................................................................... 81

4.6.2. Analisa Utilitas ............................................................................ 83

4.7. Analisa Konsep Open Space .................................................................. 87

4.8. Analisa dan Konsep Sustainable ............................................................ 88

4.8.1. Pemanfaatan Limbah dengan 3R (reuse, reduce, reycycle) ......... 88

4.8.2. Penggunaan Solar Panel sebagai penghasil listrik ...................... 88

4.8.3. Vertical Garden ........................................................................... 89

4.8.4. Konservasi Air ............................................................................. 89

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 93

LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................... 94

x

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2. 1. Pasar Modern Sinpasa Serpong dan Pasar Modern BSD .................. 9

Gambar 2. 2. Parkir ............................................................................................... 26

Gambar 2. 3. Area Bongkar Muat ......................................................................... 27

Gambar 2. 4. Sirkulasi ........................................................................................... 28

Gambar 2. 5. Cahaya Penghawaan ........................................................................ 28

Gambar 2. 6. Jalur Sirkulasi .................................................................................. 29

Gambar 2. 7. Sampah ............................................................................................ 29

Gambar 2. 8. Angkutan Umum Pasar Wiradesa ................................................... 30

Gambar 2. 9. Lokasi Site Pasar Wiradesa ............................................................. 30

Gambar 2. 10. Batas dan Kondisi Eksisting .......................................................... 31

Gambar 2. 11. Tampak depan Pasar Klewer Bangunan Baru ............................... 35

Gambar 2. 12. Basement Parkir Mobil dan Motor ................................................ 35

Gambar 2. 13. Lift Penumpang dan Lift Barang ................................................... 36

Gambar 2. 14. Elevator sebagai alat transportasi .................................................. 36

Gambar 2. 15. Los Pasar Modern BSD ................................................................. 37

Gambar 2. 16. Penggunaan Double Skin Fasade .................................................. 39

Gambar 2. 17. Sistem Pencahayaan Alami ........................................................... 40

Gambar 2. 18. Art and Craft Movement ................................................................ 43

Gambar 2. 19. Art Nouveau................................................................................... 44

Gambar 2. 20. Ornamen Art Nouveau ................................................................... 44

Gambar 2. 21. Chicago School (Amerika) ............................................................ 45

Gambar 2. 22. Organic Architecture .................................................................... 45

Gambar 2. 23. Bauhaus ......................................................................................... 46

Gambar 2. 24. International Style ......................................................................... 46

Gambar 3. 1. Wilayah administratif Kabupaten Pekalongan ................................ 50

Gambar 3. 2. Wisata Watu Bahan ......................................................................... 53

Gambar 3. 3. International Batik Center ............................................................... 54

Gambar 3. 4. Wisata linggo asri ............................................................................ 55

Gambar 3. 5. Peta Pasar Kabupaten Pekalongan .................................................. 56

Gambar 4. 1. Analisa Pencapaian ......................................................................... 62

Gambar 4. 2. Konsep Pencapaian ......................................................................... 63

Gambar 4. 3. Analisa Sirkulasi ............................................................................. 64

Gambar 4. 4. Konsep Sirkulasi ............................................................................. 65

Gambar 4. 5. Analisa View ................................................................................... 65

Gambar 4. 6. Konsep View ................................................................................... 66

xi

Gambar 4. 7.Analisa Vegetasi ............................................................................... 67

Gambar 4. 8. Konsep Vegetasi .............................................................................. 67

Gambar 4. 9. Rencana jenis vegetasi .................................................................... 68

Gambar 4. 10. Pohon Trembesi ............................................................................ 68

Gambar 4. 11. Ketapang kencana ......................................................................... 68

Gambar 4. 12. Pohon bambu ................................................................................. 69

Gambar 4. 13. Analisa Zonifikasi ......................................................................... 69

Gambar 4. 14. Konsep Zonifikasi ......................................................................... 70

Gambar 4. 15. Zonifikasi Planning ....................................................................... 71

Gambar 4. 16. Analisa Pencahayaan ..................................................................... 72

Gambar 4. 17. Analisa Penataan Zona Dagang..................................................... 74

Gambar 4. 18. Konsep Penataan Zona Dagang..................................................... 75

Gambar 4. 19. Pemilihan bentuk dasar bangunan ................................................. 78

Gambar 4. 20. Sketsa Ide Bentuk .......................................................................... 78

Gambar 4. 21. Contoh eksterior arsitektur modern ............................................... 80

Gambar 4. 22. Jaringan listrik dari PLN ............................................................... 84

Gambar 4. 23. Skema jaringan air bersih .............................................................. 85

Gambar 4. 24. Bagan pemanfaatan limbah ........................................................... 88

Gambar 4. 25. Skema solar panel.......................................................................... 88

Gambar 4. 26. Contoh vertical garden pada bangunan ......................................... 89

Gambar 4. 27. Lubang biopori .............................................................................. 90

Gambar 4. 28. Sistem pemanfaatan air hujan ....................................................... 91

Gambar 4. 29. Water treatment plant ................................................................... 92

xii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Analisis Pasar Wiradesa Berdasarkan Standar Pasar Rakyat oleh SNI .. 33

Tabel 2. Kesimpulan Studi Banding ..................................................................... 37

Tabel 3. Rata-rata hari hujan Kabupaten Pekalongan Tahun 2016 ....................... 51

Tabel 4. Rata-rata hujan per bulan Kabupaten Pekalongan Tahun 2016 .............. 51

Tabel 5. Penduduk Kabupaten Pekalongan menurut kecamatan Tahun 2016 ...... 52

Tabel 6. KDB, KDH, KRTNH Kabupaten Pekalongan ........................................ 57

Tabel 7. KDB, KLB, RDH, ART Jl. A Yani ........................................................ 57

Tabel 8. Analisa penanganan serta pemanfaatan .................................................. 61

Tabel 9. Jenis kegiatan dan kebutuhan ruang........................................................ 77