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TUGAS AKHIR

DASAR PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN

ARSITEKTUR (DP3A)

REDESAIN ARENA PACUAN KUDA NYI AGENG SERANG

NGARGOTIRTO KABUPATEN SRAGEN SEBAGAI WAHANA

REKREASI DAN EDUKASI DENGAN PENDEKATAN

ARSITEKTUR BIOKLIMATIK

Diajukan Untuk Melengkapi Persyaratan Guna Mencapai Derajat S-1

Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Disusun oleh :

RISKI ANANDA

D300130048

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2017/2018

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KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamu‟alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.

Bismillahirrahmannirrahiim

Syukur Alhamdulillah penulis panjatkan atas kehadiran Allah

Shubhanallah Wa Ta’ala atas segala Cinta, Rahmat, Kasih-Sayang dan nikmatNya

berupa nikmat kesehatan, nikmat kekuatan dan nikmat iman kepada penulis

sehingga dapat melaksanakan dan menyelesaikan tugas Studio Konsep

Perancangan Arsitektur (SKPA) dengan lancar. Shalawat dan salam semoga

dilimpahkan kepada Nabi Muhammad Shallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam atas Nabi

pembawa Rahmat yang selalu kita nantikan syafaatnya di yaumil qiyyamah serta

pengikutnya hingga akhir zaman. Studio Konsep Perancangan Arsitektur (SKPA)

merupakan mata kuliah terakhir dan wajib di semester 8 yang merupakan bagian

dari Tugas Akhir (TA) berisi mengenai sebuah dasar-dasar perancangan konsep

arsitektur yang nantinya dijadikan pedoman dalam pembuatan Tugas Akhir. Mata

kuliah tersebut menjadi salah satu persyaratan untuk menempuh mata kuliah

selanjutnya yaitu mata kuliah Tugas Akhir serta menjadi mata kuliah yang harus

ditempuh semua mahasiswa dalam rangka menyelesaikan pendidikan kesarjanaan

Strata I (S1). Dalam mengerjakan dan menyelesaikan laporan ini, penulis banyak

dibantu oleh berbagai pihak terkait. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengucapkan terima

kasih sebesar-besarnya kepada:

1. Allah SWT yang telah memberikan Rahmat dan Karunia-Nya kepada

penulis sehingga dapat menyelesaikan laporan tepat pada waktunya.

2. Ibu Dr. Ir. Widyastuti Nurjayanti, MT selaku Ketua Program Studi

Arsitektur Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

3. Bapak M.S. PRIYONO NUGROHO, ST., MT, selaku pembimbing

penulis yang telah banyak memberikan bimbingan, masukan, dan

pengarahan kepada penulis.

4. Ibu Ronim Azizah, ST., MT, selaku Koordinator SKPA.

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DAFTAR ISI

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. ix

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR DIAGRAM ............................................................................................ xi

ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 14

1.1 Judul.............. ............................................................................................ 14

1.2 Esensi Judul............. .................................................................................. 14

1.3 Latar Belakang............. ............................................................................. 15

1.4 Perkembangan Olahraga di Indonesia ....................................................... 16

1.4.1 Event yang pernah diselenggarakan ............................................ 18

1.4.2 Alasan menggunakan arsitektur bioklimatik .............................. 21

1.5 Permasalahan dan Persoalan ..................................................................... 21

1.5.1 Permasalahan dan Persoalan ....................................................... 21

1.5.2 Permasalahan ............................................................................... 22

1.5.3 Persoalan ...................................................................................... 22

1.6 Tujuan dan Sasaran ..................................................................................... 23

1.6.1 Tujuan .......................................................................................... 23

1.6.2 Sasaran ......................................................................................... 23

1.7 Batasan Pembahasan ................................................................................... 24

1.8 Metodelogi dan Strategi Rancang Bangun ................................................. 25

1.9 Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................................. 27

BAB II TINJAUANPUSTAKA ............................................................................ 28

2.1 Tinjauan Obyek ......................................................................................... 28

2.1.1 Definisi Redesain ......................................................................... 28

2.1.2 Evaluasi Purna Huni .................................................................... 29

2.1.3 Pacuan Kuda ................................................................................ 33

2.1.4 Macam-macam pacuan kuda ........................................................ 33

2.1.5 Syarat Pacuan Kuda ..................................................................... 39

2.2 Syarat Arena ............................................................................................. 45

2.3 Tinjauan Rancangan Arena Pacuan Kuda ................................................ 47

2.3.1 Teori Perancangan Arena Pacuan Kuda ....................................... 47

2.3.1.1 Fasilitas Penunjang ................................................................ 47

2.3.1.2 Fungsi Edukasi ...................................................................... 51

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2.3.1.3 Fungsi Penunjang .................................................................. 54

2.4 Tinjauan Tema .......................................................................................... 60

2.4.1 Tinjauan Bioklimatik .................................................................... 60

2.4.1.1 Pengertian Bioklimatik .......................................................... 60

2.4.1.2 Perkembangan Arsitektur Bioklimatik .................................. 61

2.4.1.3 Prinsip-prinsip Arsitektur Bioklimatik .................................. 61

2.4.1.4 Unsur-unsur Perancangan Bioklimatik, Keneth Yeang ......... 62

2.4.1.5 Contoh Bangunan Arsitektur Bioklimatik............................. 67

2.5 Studi Banding ........................................................................................... 68

2.5.1 Studi Banding Obyek ................................................................... 68

2.5.1.1 Arena Pacuan Kuda Meydan ................................................. 68

BAB III GAMBARAN UMUM DAN GAMBARAN PERANCANGAN .......... 73

3.1 Tinjauan Umum ......................................................................................... 73

3.2 Tinjauan Khusus ........................................................................................ 74

3.2.1 Lokasi ........................................................................................... 74

3.2.2 Demografi .................................................................................... 76

3.2.3 Sarana dan Prasarana ................................................................... 77

3.2.4 Sosial Budaya dan Perekonomian ................................................ 78

3.2.5 Kondisi Eksisting Arena Pacuan Kuda Nyi Ageng Serang ......... 79

3.3 Arena Pacuan Kuda Nyi Ageng Serang yang akan di rencanakan ........... 79

BAB IV ANALISIS PENDEKATAN DAN KONSEP PERENCANAAN ......... 81

4.1 Gagasan Perancangan ................................................................................ 81

4.2 Analisa dan Konsep ................................................................................... 81

4.2.1 Eksisting Site ............................................................................... 81

4.2.2 Analisa Pendekatan Site ............................................................... 82

4.3 Analisa Peruangan ..................................................................................... 89

4.3.1 Analisa Peruangan ....................................................................... 89

4.3.2 Analisa Kebutuhan Ruang ........................................................... 91

4.4 Program Ruang .......................................................................................... 98

4.4.1 Fasilitas Primer ............................................................................ 98

4.4.2 Fasilitas Sekunder ........................................................................ 99

4.4.3 Fasilitas Penunjang ................................................................... 101

4.4.4 Area Servise ............................................................................... 107

4.5 Rekapitulasi Perhitungan ......................................................................... 109

4.6 Kareakteristik Ruang Arena Pacuan Kuda ............................................. 110

4.7 Analisa Bentuk Bangunan ....................................................................... 114

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4.7.1 Analisa Bentuk dan Tampilan Bangunan .................................. 114

4.7.2 Analisa Konsep Pendekatan Bioklimatik................................... 115

4.7.3 Analisa Struktur dan Konstruksi ................................................ 121

4.8 Analisa Utilitas Bangunan ....................................................................... 122

4.8.1 Analisa Plumbing ....................................................................... 122

4.8.2 Analisa Kelistrikan..................................................................... 124

4.8.3 Analisa Pencahayaan Penghawaan Alami dan Buatan .............. 126

4.8.4 Analisa Proteksi Kebakaran ....................................................... 129

4.8.5 Analisa Sistem Drainase ............................................................ 130

4.8.6 Analisa Sistem Penangkal Petir ................................................. 131

4.8.7 Analisa Sistem Keamanan ......................................................... 132

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 133

LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................ 135

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar II.1. Polo Berkuda ......................................................................................................... 34

Gambar II.2. Gyhmkana Berkuda ............................................................................................... 34

Gambar II.3. Equestrian .............................................................................................................. 35

Gambar II.4. Equestrian Tunggang Serasi .................................................................................. 36

Gambar II.5. Equestrian Lompat Rintangan ............................................................................... 37

Gambar II.6. Trilomba ................................................................................................................ 38

Gambar II.7. Kuda Sumba .......................................................................................................... 42

Gambar II.8. Kuda Sumbawa ...................................................................................................... 43

Gambar II.9. Kuda Flores ........................................................................................................... 43

Gambar II.10. Kuda Sabu ........................................................................................................... 43

Gambar II.11. Kuda Timor ......................................................................................................... 44

Gambar II.12. Kuda Lombok ...................................................................................................... 44

Gambar II.13. Kuda Bali ............................................................................................................. 44

Gambar II.14. Kuda Batak .......................................................................................................... 44

Gambar II.15. Kuda Aceh ........................................................................................................... 45

Gambar II.16. Kuda Sulawesi ..................................................................................................... 45

Gambar II.17. Kuda Jawa ........................................................................................................... 45

Gambar II.18. Lintasan Pacuan Kuda Meydan ........................................................................... 48

Gambar II.19. Standar Tribun Pacuan Kuda .............................................................................. 49

Gambar II.20. Kandang 1 Ruang Terpisah ................................................................................. 49

Gambar II.21. Kandang 2 Ruang Terpisah ................................................................................ 50

Gambar II.22.Ukuran Pintu Kandang ......................................................................................... 50

Gambar II.23. Skema Penampang Ruang .................................................................................. 51

Gambar II.24. Jarak Pandang atau Penglihatan ......................................................................... 52

Gambar II.25. Jarak Pandang Obyek ......................................................................................... 52

Gambar II.26. Paddock Arena Meydan ...................................................................................... 53

Gambar II.27. Ukuran Kuda dan Penunggangnya ...................................................................... 54

Gambar II.28. Parkir Paralel ....................................................................................................... 55

Gambar II.29. Parkir Kemiringan ............................................................................................... 55

Gambar II.30. Parkir Kemiringan 30% ...................................................................................... 55

Gambar II.31. Kebutuhan Ruang Restoran ................................................................................. 56

Gambar II.32. Kebutuhan Ruang dapur ...................................................................................... 56

Gambar II.33. Toilet Pintu Terbuka dan Tertutup ...................................................................... 58

Gambar II.34. Souvenir Shop ..................................................................................................... 58

Gambar II.35. Posisi Sholat ........................................................................................................ 59

Gambar II.36. Jalan Utama Menuju Masjid ................................................................................ 59

Gambar II.37. Desain Dinding Luar Bangunan .......................................................................... 64

Gambar II.38. Desain Penyekat Panas ........................................................................................ 65

Gambar II.39. Perpustakaan UI................................................................................................... 67

Gambar II.40. Masjid Al-irsyad .................................................................................................. 67

Gambar II.41. Amazing Green roof art school ........................................................................... 68

Gambar II.42. The Bioclimatic ................................................................................................... 68

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Gambar II.43. Meydan ............................................................................................................... 69

Gambar II.44. Vegetasi Kawasan Meydan ................................................................................. 70

Gambar II.45. Kolam Renang Meydan ....................................................................................... 71

Gambar II.46. Big Screen ........................................................................................................... 71

Gambar II.47. Penginapan Meydan ........................................................................................... 71

Gambar II.48. Restoran Meydan ................................................................................................. 72

Gambar II.49. Parkiran Meydan ................................................................................................. 72

Gambar III.1. Peta Jawa Tengah ................................................................................................. 73

Gambar III.2. Peta Sragen ........................................................................................................... 74

Gambar III.3. Lokasi Arena Pacuan Kuda .................................................................................. 75

Gambar III.4. Jalan Menuju Lokasi ............................................................................................ 75

Gambar III.5. Kondisi Eksisting Lokasi ..................................................................................... 79

Gambar IV. 1. Site Arena Pacuan Kuda ..................................................................................... 82

Gambar IV.2. Arah Pencapaian Menuju Tapak .......................................................................... 83

Gambar IV.3. Zonifikasi Pada Tapak ......................................................................................... 84

Gambar IV.4. Zonifikasi Pemitakatan Tapak ............................................................................. 84

Gambar IV. 5. Analisa View From Site ...................................................................................... 85

Gambar IV.6. Analisa View To Site ........................................................................................... 86

Gambar IV.7. Analisa Sinar Matahari ........................................................................................ 87

Gambar IV.8. Analisa Kebisingan .............................................................................................. 88

Gambar IV.9. Pola Tatanan Bentuk Gubahan Massa ............................................................... 114

Gambar IV.10. Penerapan Konsep Gubahan Massa ................................................................. 115

Gambar IV.11. Ventilasi ........................................................................................................... 116

Gambar IV.12. kisi-kisi ............................................................................................................. 116

Gambar IV.13. Dinding Kaca ................................................................................................... 117

Gambar IV.14. Shading ........................................................................................................... 117

Gambar IV.15. Vegetasi .......................................................................................................... 118

Gambar IV.16. Kisi-kisi dan Bukaan ....................................................................................... 118

Gambar IV.17. Vegetasi area pacuan ....................................................................................... 118

Gambar IV.18. Vegetasi Peneduh Parkir ................................................................................. 119

Gambar IV.19. Vegetasi Peneduh Pedestrian ........................................................................... 119

Gambar IV.20. Simulasi Angin ............................................................................................... 119

Gambar IV.21. Simulasi Bayangan lapangan tribun ............................................................... 120

Gambar IV.22. Simulasi Bayangan ruangan ............................................................................ 120

Gambar IV.23. Space frame ..................................................................................................... 121

Gambar IV.24. Aplikasi Panel ................................................................................................. 125

Gambar IV.25. Jalur Evakuasi Kebakaran ............................................................................... 130

Gambar IV.24. Aplikasi Kolam Air .......................................................................................... 131

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DAFTAR TABEL

Table I.1. Pembagian Kelas Dalam Kejuaraan .......................................................................... 18

Table I.2. Hasil Pembagian Kelas ............................................................................................... 19

Table I.3. Pembagian Kelas Jumlah Kuda .................................................................................. 20

Table II.1. Jenis Kuda Indonesia ................................................................................................. 42

Table III.1. Analisis Demografi .................................................................................................. 76

Table III.2. Fasilitas Fasilitas Umum Penunjang ........................................................................ 77

Table IV.1. Analisis Penanganan serta Pemanfaatan .................................................................. 81

Table IV.2. Kebutuhan Ruang Fasilitas Utama .......................................................................... 91

Table IV.3. Kebutuhan Ruang fasilitas Utama Pengelola........................................................... 93

Table IV.4. Kebutuhan Ruang Fasilitas Penunjang .................................................................... 94

Table IV.5. Kebutuhan Ruang Fasilitas Primer .......................................................................... 98

Table IV.6. Kebutuhan Ruang Kantor Pengelola ....................................................................... 99

Table IV.7. Program Ruang Fasilitas Penunjang ...................................................................... 101

Table IV.8. Program Area Servise ............................................................................................ 107

Table IV.9. Karakteristik Ruang ............................................................................................... 110

Table IV.10. Analisa Persyaratan Ruang .................................................................................. 113

Table IV.11. Analisa Penghawaan ............................................................................................ 116

Table IV.12. Analisa Pencahayaan ........................................................................................... 117

Table IV.13. Analisa Vegetasi .................................................................................................. 118

Table IV.14. Analisa Pencahayaan ........................................................................................... 126

Table IV.15. Analisa Pencahayaan & Penghawaan Alami/Buatan ........................................... 128

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DAFTAR DIAGRAM

Diagram IV.1. Analisa Sistem Sanitasi ......................................................................... 123

Diagram IV.2. Distribusi Air Kotor .............................................................................. 123

Diagram IV.3. Distribusi Dapur .................................................................................... 123

Diagram.IV.4. Distribusi Air Hujan .............................................................................. 124

Diagram IV.5. Skema Pembuangan Sampah ................................................................ 124

Diagram IV.6. Sistem Pemadam Kebakaran................................................................. 130

Diagram IV.7. Sistem Penangkal Petir ......................................................................... 131

Diagram IV.8. Skema Sistem Keamanan ...................................................................... 132

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ABSTRACT

The existence of the Nyi Ageng Racetrack Serang Ngargotirto Sragen regency

has great potential in improving ketangakasan in the field of equestrian sports,

increasing regional income from the tourism sector, and can become a means of

recreation and education for the general public. It can be a reference in the

Redesign of the Race Arena Nyi Ageng Serang Ngargotirto Sragen Regency. So it

can produce a racetrack that can accommodate all the activities of visitors, and

have alignment with the surrounding environment. Redesign of the Nyi Ageng

Race Horse Race Serang Ngargotirto Sragen regency is an effort to redesign the

horse-riding sporting event in Ngargotirto, Sumberlawang Sragen regency as a

recreational and educational vehicle to celebrate the grieving sport, resulting in

improvements in appearance or function with the approach of Architecture

Bioklimatik.

Key word :.sragen, equestrian arena, bioclimatic architecture

ABSTRAK

Keberadaan Arena pacuan kuda Nyi Ageng Serang Ngargotirto kabupaten

Sragen memiliki potensi besar dalam meningkatkan ketangakasan pada bidang

olahraga berkuda, meningkatkan pendapatan daerah dari sektor pariwisata, serta

dapat menjadi sarana rekreasi dan edukasi bagi masyarakat umum. Hal tersebut

dapat menjadi suatu acuan dalam Redesain Arena Pacuan Kuda Nyi Ageng

Serang Ngargotirto Kabupaten Sragen. Sehingga dapat menghasilkan suatu arena

pacuan kuda yang dapat menampung seluruh aktifitas pengunjungnya, serta

memiliki keselarasan dengan lingkungan sekitar. maka Redesain Arena Pacuan

Kuda Nyi Ageng Serang Ngargotirto Kabupaten Sragen adalah upaya untuk

merancang ulang wadah kegiatan olahraga berkuda di Ngargotirto, Sumberlawang

Kabupaten Sragen sebagai wahana rekreasi dan edukasi untuk memasyrakatkan

olahraga berduka, sehingga terjadi perbaikan dalam penampilan atau fungsi

dengan pendekatan Arsitektur Bioklimatik.

Kata Kunci : Sragen, Arena Berkuda, Arsitektur Bioklimatik