Tugas 2

DAFTAR ISIHalaman ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................................................i LEMBAR PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI ...................................................................ii LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI ......................................................................................iii KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................................................v DAFTAR ISI..................................................................................................................................v DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................................................xi DAFRAR TABEL.......................................................................................................................xiv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..............................................................................................................xvi

BAB I PENDAHULAN ................................................................................................................1 A. B. C. D. E. Latar Belakang Masalah .....................................................................................................1 Identifikasi Masalah ............................................................................................................2 Pembatasan Masalah ...........................................................................................................3 Perumusan Masalah ............................................................................................................3 Manfaat Penelitian ..............................................................................................................4

BAB II KAJIAN TEORETIS DAN KERANGKA BERPIKIR ...............................................5 A. Kajian Teoritis ....................................................................................................................5 1. Komputer Digital ..........................................................................................................5 2. Sistem Telekomuniakasi ...............................................................................................7 a. Media Transmisi .....................................................................................................8 b. Jenis Telekomunikasi ..............................................................................................8 3. Pemrograman Visual Basic ...........................................................................................9 a. IfThen ..................................................................................................................9 b. IfThenElse .....................................................................................................10

c. Select Case ............................................................................................................10 d. DoLoop .............................................................................................................10 e. Gosub ....................................................................................................................11 f. Variabel .................................................................................................................11 4. Antarmuka Menggunakan Port Paralel .......................................................................12 5. Mikrokontroler AVR Atmega 8535 ............................................................................16 a. Arsitektur Atmega 8535 ........................................................................................16 b. Fitur Atmega 8535 ................................................................................................19 c. Konfigurasi Pin Atmega 8535 ..............................................................................19 d. Peta Memori Atmega 8535 ...................................................................................20 e. Status Register (SREG) .........................................................................................23 6. LED Infra Merah .........................................................................................................25 7. Dioda Foto ..................................................................................................................26 8. Transistor Foto ............................................................................................................27 9. Motor DC ....................................................................................................................28 10. Relay ...........................................................................................................................29 11. IC L293D ....................................................................................................................30 12. IC ULN 2003 ..............................................................................................................31 13. IC TTL 7414 ...............................................................................................................31 14. IC Pembandingan (LM324) ........................................................................................33 15. Dual Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF) ....................................................................33 a. Enkoder DTMF ...............................................................................................35 b. IC UM91215C ................................................................................................35 c. Dekoder DTMF ...............................................................................................36 d. IC MT 8870 .....................................................................................................37 16. Pemancar Modulasi Frekuensi ....................................................................................38 17. Penerima Modulasi Frekuensi .....................................................................................39 B. Kerangka Berpikir .............................................................................................................41

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN .................................................................................45 A. B. C. D. Tujuan Penelitian ..............................................................................................................45 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ...........................................................................................45 Metode Penelitian .............................................................................................................45 Instrumen Penelitian .........................................................................................................46 1. Alat Ukur ....................................................................................................................46 2. Alat Penguji ................................................................................................................47 E. Pelaksanaan Penelitian ......................................................................................................47 1. Perancangan Elektronika ............................................................................................47 a. Rangkaian Sistem Minimum Mikrokontroler Atmega8535 .................................47

b. Rangkaian Pendeteksi Halangan ...........................................................................48 c. Rangkaian Flame Navigator .................................................................................49 d. Rangkaina Sensor Cahaya ....................................................................................50 e. Rangkaia Driver Motor DC ..................................................................................51 f. Perancangan Rangkaian Antarmuka Enkoder DTMF ..........................................51 g. Perancangan Rangkaian Antarmuka Dekoder DTMF ..........................................52 h. Konfigurasi Kabel Downloader ............................................................................53 i. Rangkaian Saklar Relay ........................................................................................54 j. Penggunaan Pemancar dan Penerima FM .............................................................54 k. Rancangan Robot ..................................................................................................55 2. Perancangan Program .................................................................................................56 a. Penentuan Port Mikrokontroler .............................................................................56 b. Penentuan Alamat Register Komputer ..................................................................59 c. Perancangan Diagram Alir Program .....................................................................60 d. Perancangan Program Insert Password .................................................................63 e. Perancangan Program Mikrokontroler Robot .......................................................65 f. Penguji Alat ..........................................................................................................66 1) Pengujian Rangkaian Sensor ...........................................................................66 a) Pengujian Rangkaian Sensor Pendeteksi Halangan ..................................66 b) Pengujian Rangkaian Sensor Cahaya ........................................................67 c) Pengujian Rangkaian Flame Navigator ....................................................68 2) Pengujian Modul Pemancar dan Penerima FM ..............................................69 3) Pengujian Rangkaian Encoder dan Decoder DTMF .......................................70 4) Pengujiana Rangakaian Driver Motor DC ......................................................73 5) Pengujian Interface Komputer ........................................................................74

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN .................................................................................................75 A. Hasil Penguji Alat .............................................................................................................75 1. Hasil Penguji Rngkaian Sensor ...................................................................................75 a. Hasil Penguji Rngkaian Sensor Pendeteksi Halangan ..........................................75 b. Hasil Penguji Rngkaian Sensor Cahaya ................................................................76 c. Hasil Penguji Rngkaian Sensor Navigator ............................................................77 2. Hasil Penguji Modul Pemancar dan Penerima FM .....................................................78 3. Hasil Penguji Rangkaian Encoder dan Decoder DTMF .............................................79 4. Hasil Penguji Rangkaian Driver Motor DC ................................................................80 5. Hasil Penguji Interface Komputer ..............................................................................81 B. Analisa Penguji Alat .........................................................................................................82 1. Analisa Hasil Penguji Rngkaian Sensor .....................................................................82 a. Hasil Penguji Rngkaian Sensor Pendeteksi Halangan ..........................................82

b. Hasil Penguji Rngkaian Sensor Cahaya ................................................................83 c. Hasil Penguji Rngkaian Flame Navigator .............................................................84 2. Analisa Hasil Penguji Modul Pemancar dan Penerima FM ........................................86 3. Analisa Hasil Penguji Rangkaian Encoder dan Decoder DTMF ................................87 4. Analisa Hasil Penguji Rangkaian Driver Motor .........................................................88 5. Analisa Hasil Penguji Interface Komputer .................................................................89 C. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Alat .......................................................................................90 1. Kelebihan Alat ............................................................................................................90 2. Kekurangan Alat .........................................................................................................90

BAB V KESIMPULAN IMPLIKASI DAN SARAN ...............................................................91 A. Kesimpulan .......................................................................................................................91 B. Implikasi ...........................................................................................................................91 C. Saran .................................................................................................................................92 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................................................93 LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................................................95

DAFTAR GAMBARGambar 1. Skema Dasar Komputer Digital ....................................................................................6 Gambar 2. Perlengkapan Dasar Kanal Telkomunikasi Satu Arah ..................................................7 Gambar 3. Konfigurasi Pin Konektor DB-25 ...............................................................................13 Gambar 4. Blok Diagram Fungsional Atmega8535 .....................................................................18 Gambar 5. Pin Atmega8535 ..........................................................................................................20 Gambar 6. Konfigurasi Memori Dta AVR ATmega8535 ............................................................21 Gambar 7. Memori Program AVR Atmega8535 ..........................................................................23 Gambar 8. Simbol Infra Merah .....................................................................................................25 Gambar 9. Simbol Dioda Foto ......................................................................................................26 Gambar 10. Transistor Foto ..........................................................................................................27 Gambar 11. Bergeraknya Sebuah Motor ......................................................................................28 Gambar 12. Relay .........................................................................................................................29 Gambar 13. Konstruksi Relay .......................................................................................................29 Gambar 14. Pin IC L293D ............................................................................................................30 Gambar 15. Suasana Pin IC ULN 2003 ........................................................................................31 Gambar 16. Simbol Schmitt Trigger Inverter ...............................................................................32 Gambar 17. Suasana Pin IC 7414 .................................................................................................32 Gambar 18. IC LM324 ..................................................................................................................33 Gambar 19. Pengaturan Tombol dan Sistem Signalling ...............................................................34 Gambar 20. Diagram Blok IC UM 91215C ..................................................................................36 Gambar 21. Suasana Pin IC UM 91215C .....................................................................................36 Gambar 22. Diagram Blok MT 8870 ............................................................................................37 Gambar 23. Susunan Pin IC MT8870 ...........................................................................................38

Gambar 24. (a) Sinyal Pemodulasi, (b) Sinyal Pembawa, (c) Sinyal Bermodulasi Frekuensi .....38 Gambar 25. Blok Pemancar FM yang Dimodulasi Langsung ......................................................39 Gambar 26. Blok Penerima FM ....................................................................................................41 Gambar 27. Blok Receiver Robot ................................................................................................43 Gambar 28. Blok Transmitter Robot ...........................................................................................43 Gambar 29. Blok Receiver Komputer ..........................................................................................43 Gambar 30. Blok Transmitter Komputer .....................................................................................43 Gambar 31. Blok Diagram Robot .................................................................................................44 Gambar 32. Langkah-langkah Pembuatan Robot .........................................................................46 Gambar 33. Rangkaian Sistem Minimum Atmega8535 ...............................................................48 Gambar 34. Rangkaian Pendeteksi Jarak ......................................................................................49 Gambar 35. Rangkaian Flame Navigator .....................................................................................50 Gambar 36. Rangkaian Sensor Cahaya .........................................................................................50 Gambar 37. (a) Rangkaian Driver Motor DC Roda Kanan dan Roda Kiri, (b) Rangkaian Driver Motor DC Kipas ....................................................................51 Gambar 38. Rangkaian Antarmuka Enkoder DTMF ....................................................................52 Gambar 39. Rangkaian Antarmuka Dekoder DTMF ....................................................................53 Gambar 40. Konfigurasi Kabel Downloader ................................................................................53 Gambar 41. Rangakaian Saklar Relay ..........................................................................................54 Gambar 42. Pemancar FM tipe CEER ..........................................................................................55 Gambar 43. Penerima FM tipe CEER ...........................................................................................55 Gambar 44. Rancangan Robot ......................................................................................................55 Gambar 45. Diagram Alir Blok Komputer ...................................................................................61 Gambar 46. Diagram Air Blok Robot ...........................................................................................62 Gambar 47. Diagram Logika IC L293D .......................................................................................88

DAFTAR LAMPIRANLampiran 1. Naskah Program Blok Robot ....................................................................................95 Lampiran 2. Naskah Program Blok Komputer .............................................................................99 Lampiran 3. Data Sheet IC ..........................................................................................................121 Lampiran 4. Rangkaian Lengkap Blok Robot ............................................................................153 Lampiran 5. Rangakaian Lengkap Blok Komputer ....................................................................154 Lampiran 6. Foto Robot ..............................................................................................................155 Lampiran 7. Tampilan Kendali Pada Monitor Komputer ...........................................................156

Tuliskan 5 Teori Pembanding dari Tema Skripsi yang Ditelaah

Tema Skripsi : KOMUNIKASI HALF DUPLEX WIRELESS ANTARA PC DENGAN ROBOT OTOMATIS PEMADAM API BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER AVR ATMEGA 8535 1. Teori pembanding : Pengetian Perangkat I/O Teori dari skripsi : Perangkat I/O adalah piranti-piranti eksternal yang dibutuhkan oleh computer untuk berhubungan dengan dunia luar Teori dari internet : Perangkat I/O adalah peranti yang memiliki perilaku meminta input /menghasilkan output. Sumber alamat : http://bebas.vlsm.org/v06/Kuliah/SistemOperasi/2004/57/bahan-7.1.pdf 2. Teori pembanding : Definisi Telekomunikasi Teori dari skripsi : Telekomunikasi didefinisikan sebagai teknologi yang berhubungan dengan komunikasi jarak jauh. Teori dari internet : Telekomunikasi adalah teknik pengiriman atau penyampaian infomasi, dari suatu tempat ke tempat lain. Sumber alamat : http://puzies.blogspot.com/2009/12/pengertian-telekomunikasi.html 3. Teori pembanding : Fungsi Kabel Downloader

Teori dari skripsi

: Kabel downloader berfungsi untuk men-download file hex dalam mikrokontroler Teori dari internet : Kabel downloader atau Kabel UTP Kabel UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) adalah suatu kabel yang digunakan sebagai media penghubung antar computer dan peralatan jaringan (hub atau switch). Sumber alamat : http://bosgentongs.com/tag/unshielded-twisted-pair/ 4. Teori pembanding : Pengertian Rangkaian Flame Navigator Teori dari skripsi : Rangkaian Flame Navigator merupakan system yang digunakan untuk mencari letak lilin dalam ruangan yang diletakkan secara acak Teori dari internet : Rangkaian Flame Navigator adalah rangkaian terdiri atas dua buah phototransistor dan rangkaian pengkodisi sinyal. Sumber alamat : http://www.elektro-unila.s5.com/the_vision/sensor.htm 5. Teori pembanding : Definisi Sistem Minimum Mikrokontroler Teori dari skripsi : Sistem minimum mikrokontroler adalah rangkaian elektronik minimum yang diperlukan untuk beroperasinya IC mikrokontroler. Teori dari internet : Rangkaian Sistem Minimum Mikrokontroler adalah rangkaian elektronika yang terdiri dari komponen-komponen dasar yang dibutuhkan oleh suatu mikrokontroler untuk dapat berfungsi dengan baik. Pada umumnya, suatu mikrokontoler membutuhkan dua elemen (selain power supply) untuk berfungsi: Kristal Oscillator (XTAL), dan Rangkaian RESET. Sumber alamat : http://depokinstruments.com/2010/02/08/kumpulan-rangkaian-sistemminimum-mikrokontroler/