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Nov. 6 , 1945. R , GARBER - 2,388,478TARGET KITE

Filed A u g . 1 4 , 1 9 4 4 3 SheetsSheet 1

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N o v . 6 , 1 9 4 5 . R E . GARBER 2 , 3 8 8 , 4 7 8T A R G E T K I T E

Filed A u g . 1 4 , 1 9 4 4 3 Sheets-Sheet 3

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P a t e n t e d N o v . 6 , 1 9 4 5 2 , 3 8 8 , 4 7 8

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE2 , 3 8 8 , 4 7 8

TARGET KITEP a u l E . G a r b e r , U n i t e d S t a t e s Navy

A p p l i c a t i o n A u g u s t 1 4 , 1 9 4 4 , S e r i a l N o . 5 4 9 , 4 6 9( C l . 244-153)

(Granted under the a c t o f March 3 , 1 8 8 3 , a s8 C l a i m s .

ame n d e d A p r i l 3 0 , 1 9 2 8 ; 3 7 0T h i s i n v e n t i o n r e l a t e s t o k i t e s , and i n p a r t i c u

l a r t o those which can m a n e u v e r from t h eg r o u n d , t o g e t h e r with d e v i c e s f o r t h e i r c o n t r o l .Kites have been used f o r s p o r t a s W e l l a s f o r

u t i l i t a r i a n purposes for a great many y e a r s .S om e have been d e s i g n e d f o r g r e a t l i f t i n g powera n d s o m e have been designed mor e i n regard t ot h e i r beauty o r o d d i t y . S e v e r a l t y p e s o f m a n e uv e r i n g k i t e s have been known, amo ng t h o s e b e i n gt y p e s which c o u l d be c o n t r o l l e d from t h e g r o u n d .Among t h e l a t t e r t y p e a r e t h o s e i l l u s t r a t e d i nt h e P a t e n t s 1 , 7 4 4 , 5 2 9 and 1 , 9 0 8 , 3 2 5 t o DeHaven.My n v e n t i o n r e l a t e s t o maneuvering k i t e s o ft h e t y p e which ma y b e c o n t r o l l e d from t h eground by t h e o p e r a t o r . Th e k i t e and c o n t r o lapparatus i s s p e c i ? c a l l y d e s i g n e d t o p r o v i d e amaneuvering t a r g e t f o r a n t i - a i r c r a f t t a r g e t pract i c e , and thekite i s r a p i d l y and e a s i l y m a n e uv e r a b l e , making i t p a r t i c u l a r l y u s e f u l and s u cc e s s f u l f o r t h a t . p u r p o s e , however i t i s a l s o s u i ta b l e f o r s i g n a l l i n g purposes o r t h e l i k e a n d f o rs p o r t .

W h i l e t h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d p a t e n t s t o D e H a v e n vd i s c l o s e k i t e s having som e degree o f m a neuvera b i l i t y , t h e r e a r e d i f f e r e n c e s i n s t r u c t u r e an dc o n t r o l mechanism i n my e v i c e which p r o v i d ea much more speedy an d maneuverable t a r g e t .W i t h my p p a r a t u s , the k i t e ca n be made o des c r i b e l o o p s , v e r t i c a l o r . h o r i z o n t a l ? g u r e e i g h t s ,s t e e p d i v e s and c l i m b s , o r d i n a r y t u r n s , and comb i n a t i o n s o f t h e s e maneuvers. Th e operatormay stand i n on e p l a c e o n t h e ground i f t h e r ei s sumcient wind t o f l y . t h e k i t e , o r he may i d ea v e h i c l e o r other moving platform i n order t oprovide r e l a t i v e wind t o f l y t he k i t e . o r i n o r d e rt o t ow t h e t a r g e t p a s t a l o n g l i n e o f guns w h i l em a n e u v e r i n g i t . Th e i m p l i c i t y , p o s i t i v e n e s a ' a n de a s e o f operation o f t h e c o n t r o l m e a n s m a k e s i tp o s s i b l e t o o p e r a t e t h e k i t e - from such a movingp l a t f o r m .

I t i s , a c c o r d i n g l y , t h e major o b j e c t o f my n -v e n t i o n t o p r o v i d e a maneuvering a e r i a l t a r g e ta p p a r a t u s f o r a n t i - a i r c r a f t gun p r a c t i c e wherei n a m a neuvering k i t e and c o n t r o l s t h e r e f o r ,operated on the ground, c o o p e r a t e t o f u r n i s h ar a p i d l y and c o m p l e t e l y maneuverable a e r i a ltarget. '

Ano t h e r o b j e c t o f my invention i s t o providean improved maneuvering k i t e o f the type cont r o l l e d from t h e ground by t h e k i t e s t r i n g s .

I t i s another o b j e c t o f my n v e n t i o n t o p r o v i d ean improved apparatus f o r c o n t r o l l i n g a m a n e u .v e r i n g k i t e from t h e ground by t h e k i t e s t r i n g s .

O t h er o b j e c t s w i l l . become apparent a s the de

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O . G. 7 5 7 )s c r i p t i o n p r o c e e d s i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e a tt a c h e d d r a w i n g s , w h e r e i n :

Figure 1 i s a p e r s p e c t i v e view o f t h e k i t e i no p e r a t i o n and showing t h e o p e r a t o r u s i n g t h er e e l t o c o n t r o l t h e k i t e .

Figure 2 i s an e n l a r g e d p e r s p e c t i v e view o f thek i t e o f Figure 1 .Figure 3 i s a

Figure 1 .Figure 4 i s a s i d e e l e v a t i o n o f the r e e l s h ow ni n Figure 1 .Figure 5 i s a p a r t i a l s e c t i o n a l view along t h el i n e 5 - 5 - 5 o f F i g u r e 3 , l o o k i n g i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o ft he arrows.Figure 6 i s a p a r t i a l s e c t i o n a l view along t h el i n e 6 6 o f F i g u r e 5 , l o o k i n g i n t h e d i r e c t i o no f t h e arrows.Figure 7 i s a back o r t o p view o f the k i t e .Figure 8 i s a p a r t i a l s e c t i o n a l view showing

d e t a i l s o f the ?n an d rudder and t h e m e t h o do f a t t a c h i n g t h e m t o t h e mast o f t h e k i t e .Figure 9 i s a view o f t h e s t r u c t u r e shown i nFigure 8 , a s s een w h e n viewed from th e l e f t o fF i g u r e 8 .

plan view o f t h e r e e l s hown i n

Figure 1 shows t h e k i t e l i n ?ight under thec o n t r o l o f a n operator on the ground. Th ek i t e i s a t w o - s t i c k , diamond shaped "Eddy p a tt e r n t y p e . Operation i s by means o f two l i n e s2 a nd 3 which extend up t o the k i t e from t h eends o f a c o n t r o l ba r 5 held h o r i z o n t a l l y bytheo p e r a t o r . Th e c o n t r o l ba r i s o f s u b s t a n t i a ll e n g t h s o t h a t by moving on e o f i t s ends towardsor away from t h e k i t e a r e l a t i v e l y large movem e n t o f t h e l i n e 2 o r 3 w i l l o c c u r . A lengt h o ff o u r f e e t f o r t h e c o n t r o l ba r has been found t ob e e f f e c t i v e , b u t t h i s ?gure i s n o t i n t e n d e d bywa y o f l i m i t a t i o n . A e e l a p p a r a t u s , s hown b e s ti n F i g u r e s 3 t o 6 i s combined with t h i s ba r f o rmost e ? ' e c t i v e o p e r a t i o n .

Near t h e k i t e , t h e l i n e s 2 an d 3 a r e connectedt o th e o p p o s i t e ends o f a h o r i z o n t a l b r i d l e s t i c k6 a s s h ow n b e s t i n Figure 2 . " Control c o r d s 8and 9 e x t e n d from t h e b r i d l e s t i c k , p a s s i n gt h ro ug h a pair o f screw e y e s [ 0 a n d l a n d thencet o t h e ends o f a t i l l e r ba r I 2 on a rudder l 3which i s p i v o t e d about an a x i s s u b s t a n t i a l l yp e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e mast l l ( F i g u r e s 7 - 9 ) o ft h e k i t e . The screw eyes I l l and l are screwe dthrough t h e k i t e c o v e r i n g I 8 i n t o t h e bottom o ft h e s p a r l 9 ( F i g u r e 7 ) , a t e q u a l d i s t a n c e s fromt h e mast l 1 , t h e t o t a l d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n t h e e y e sb e i n g s u b s t a n t i a l l y e q u a l t o t h e l e n g t h o f t h eb r i d l e s t i c k 6 .A r i d l e l i n e 2 0 i s f a s t e n e d a t i t s ends t o screw

e y e s 2 | an d 2 2 which p a s s through the c o v e r I t !

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2a nd screw i n t o the bottom o f the mast a s s h ownc l e a r l y i n Figure 2 . W i t h a k i t e having a m a s tH which i s 5 f e e t 1 inch long the spar I 9 i sbolted thereto a t a distance o f 9 inches fromt h e forward o r top e n d o f t h e mast. Th e screweye 2 | i s l o c a t e d 4% ; inches forward o f the s p a r ,and t h e screw eye 22 i s 13 inches forward fromt he bottom o f the mast. Th e spar I 9 i s ?v e f e e tl o n g , a n d t he screw e y e s I l l a n d H a r e spaced 6inches on e i t h e r s i d e o f th e m a s t s i n c e the b r i d l es t i c k i s 1 2 i n c h e s l o n g . Th e b r i d l e l i n e 2 0 i s 8 0i n c h e s l o n g , and f a s t e n e d a t each e nd t o thescrew eyes 2 | an d 2 2 . At a point 2 3 , which i s 3 0i n c h e s from w he r e th e b r i d l e l i n e i s fastened t o screw eye 2 | , i t i s fastened t o a screw eye at t h emid-point o f th e b r i d l e s t i c k a s s h ow n i n Figure2 . Th e l e n g t h o f t h e b r i d l e l i n e 2 0 , t h e p o s i t i o n so f the e y e s 2 | and 2 2 , a n d the p o s i t i o n o f t h ep o i n t 2 3 a r e important because they determinet h e a n g l e o f a t t a c k o f t h e k i t e .

Since the l i n e s 2 a n d 3 a r e fastened t o thee n d s o f the b r i d l e s t i c k a n d the b r i d l e l i n e 2 0i s fastened t o the middle o f t he s t i c k , t he tens i o n o r p u l l i n the b r i d l e l i n e 2 0 w h e n th e k i t ei s ?ying i s e v e n l y d i s t r i b u t e d t o t h e two l i n e s2 a n d 3 . The o n t r o l cords 8 a n d 9 are not i nt e n d e d t o take a ny o f t h e tension i n t h e l i n e s2 a n d 3 u n d e r most c o n d i t i o n s , an d f o r thatreason when t h e b r i d l e l i n e 2 0 i s und e r normalt e n s i o n t h e c o n t r o l c o r d s 8 a n d 3 a r e adjustedwith a i t t l e slack. 'D e t a i l s o f t he rudder l 3 a n d v e r t i c a l ?n 5 t owh ic h i t i s attached are s h o w n in Figures 8 a n d9 . The vertical ?n h a s a portion 26 which e xt e n d s through a s l o t i n t h e mas t I 1 , being ?xedtherein by a b o l t 2 1 which passes t h ro ug h t h ep o r t i o n 2 6 an d t h e m a s t .The rudder I 3 i s h i ng e d t o t h e r e a r o f t he ?n2 5 by m e a n s o f a p i n t l e 2 1 which passes t h ro ug hhinge s t r a p s 2 8 a nd 2 3 fastened t o the ?n a n drudder r e s p e c t i v e l y . Th e t i l l e r ba r I 2 i s s u i ta b l y f a s t e n e d t o the rudder near the l e a d i n ge d g e , p r o j e c t i n g from each s i d e o f t h e ruddera substantial d i s t a n c e ; in th e case o f a k i t e o fthe dimensions g i v e n a b o v e , the t i l l e r bar w i l lhave a l e ng th o f 5 inches from e n d to end. Ther u d d e r ca n be moved t h r ou g h a n angle o f a pproximately 9 0 d e g r e e s t o e i t h e r s i d e o f i t s mi dp o s i t i o n , wh ereupon t s t r i k e s t he s i d e o f t h e v e rt i c a l ?n which p r o v i d e s a s t o p .

Th e cover may be applied t o t h e k i t e i n a n yconvenient man n e r. In the e m b o d i m e n t shownthe ends o f t h e m a s t l 1 a nd spar l 9 a r e s l o t t e dt o r e c e i v e a b o l t r o p e 3 0 which p a s s e s l o o s e l ywithin a hem i n the periphery o f th e c o v e r . Atth e c o r n e r s t h e b o l t r o p e i s exposed s o that i t w i l ls l i p i n t o t h e aforementioned s l o t s . Th e b o l t r o p ei s t e n s i o n e d by drawing t s two f r e e ends throught h e s l o t i n the forward part o f the m a s t a n dt h e n fastening them in a n y s u i t a b l e manner asby clamping t h e m un d e r a washer and wingnut . ' 'Th e s p a r i s bowed by t i g h t e n i n g the bowingl i n e 3 2 ( F i g u r e 7 ) which i s attached t o i t s e n d s .Th e amount o f bow s determined by t h e s t r e n g t ho f t h e wind i n which t h e k i t e i s f l o w n .In v i e w - o f t h e f a c t t h a t t h e c o r d s 2 , 3 , 8 , 9 , 2 0a nd 3 2 change i n l e n g t h with weather c o n d i t i o n s ,a g e , t e n s i o n , e t c . , m e a n s s h o u l d be i n c o r p o r a t e di n t h e i r c o n n e c t i o n s t o t h e k i t e whereby t h e i rl e n g t h c a n - b e e a s i l y a d j u s t e d .As indicated i n Figure 2 t h e o u t l i n e o f a n a i rplane i s painted on the cover o f t h e k i t e . Pref~e r a b l y the o u t l i n e i s i n black a n d t he r e s t o f thec o v e r i s the s a m e c o l o r a s the s k y , by which de

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2 , 3 8 8 , 4 7 8v i c e the a i r p l a n e o u t l i n e m a k e s a more r e a l i s t i ct a r g e t f o r a n t i - a i r c r a f t t a r g e t p r a c t i c e .Whi l e the k i t e may be c o n t r o l l e d with a p l a i ns t i c k s u b s t i t u t e d f o r t h e c o n t r o l ba r 5 shown, i ti s much mor e convenient t o use the combinationc o n t r o l ba r and r e e l apparatus t o be d e s c r i b e dbelow. I f a plain s t i c k i s u s e d i t shou l d be about4 f e e t long a n d t h e l i n e s 2 a n d 3 t i e d t o i t s opp o s i t e e n d s . I t w i l l be understood that by man i p u l a t i n g the s t i c k t o p u l l l i n e 2 o r 3 towardsthe o p e r a t o r t h e rudder I 2 i s s h i f t e d t o mak et h e k i t e turn on e way r t h e o t h e r .

The control bar 5 a n d r e e l shown generally i nFigure 1 i s shown i n enlarged d e t a i l i n F i g u r e s 3t o 6 . Two wooden s t i c k s 3 4 an d 3 5 o f e q u a l lengtha r e f a s t e n e d t o g e t h e r i n p a r a l l e l b u t spaced a l i g nm e n t , t h e r e b e i n g s e p a r a t o r s 3 6 , 3 1 and 3 8 a tt h e i r ends and a t t h e i r m i d - p o i n t . Intermediates e p a r a t o r s 3 9 and 4 0 , have p a s s a g e s t h e r e t h r o u g ht o permit the l i n e s 2 and 3 t o p a s s through t h e mand whereby t h e s e s e p a r a t o r s a l s o a c t a s g u i d e s .Adjacent each e n d , between t h e s t i c k s 3 4 and3 5 a r e p a i r s o f spaced p u l l e y s 4 | , 4 2 and 4 5 , 4 6 .On i t h e r s i d e o f the separator 3 8 a r e p u l l e y s 4 8a n d 4 9 . Th e l i n e s 2 a n d 3 p a s s between th e p u ll e y s 4 | , 4 2 and 4 5 , 4 6 and i n t o the s p a c e betweent h e s t i c k s 3 4 , 3 5 , t h e n c e t o t h e p u l l e y s 4 8 and 4 9 ,a n d g t h e n c e t o t h e r e e l s 5 ! and 2 , a s shown i n F i gure .The e e l s are m o u n t e d on a shaft 5 3 wh ich i sj o u r n a l l e d i n the s i d e s 5 5 an d 5 6 o f a frame 5 1which i s attached t o t h e c o n t r o l ba r a t i t s mi dp o i n t , s t r a d d l i n g t h e p u l l e y s 4 8 and 4 3 . Eachp u l l e y i s ?xed t o a n outer s h e l l 5 8 o f a free-wheeli n g c l u t c h , t h e s h e l l b e i n g r o t a t a b l y j o u r n a l l e d ont h e s h a f t 5 3 . Within each s h e l l i s a c l u t c h h ub5 9 h a v i n g wedge shaped p o c k e t s i n i t ' s p e r i p h e r y ,each pocket containing a r o l l e r 6 0 . Each clutch

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h ub i s ?xed t o t h e s h a f t 5 3 , an d w h en t h e s h a f ti s rotated clockwise as viewed i n Figure 6 i t w i l lr o t a t e t h e r e e l 5 | c l o c k w i s e . Reel 5 2 w i l l be s i m u ltaneously r o t a t e d by i t s c l u t c h , a s w i l l be unders t o o d . Th e t wo r e e l s 5 | and 5 2 a r e s l i g h t l y spacedby s e p a r a t i n g washers H . A rank having a h and l e 6 3 i s ?xed t o the e nd o f s h a f t 5 3 . A t r a p 6 2 ,which i s f a s t e n e d t o t h e top o f the c o n t r o l ba r 5 ,may e s l i p p e d over the handle 6 3 t o hold t w h e nd e s i r e d .Brake d rums 5 4 a n d B 5 a r e ?xed t o t h e s h a f t 5 3 ,on e on each i d e o f t h e p a i r o f r e e l s . A rake yokehaving s i d e a r m s 6 1 a n d 6 8 a n d a connecting h a nd l e 6 9 , i s mounted f o r p i v o t a l movement w i t h r es p e c t t o the r e e l frame 5 1 by m e a n s o f the hingedm o un t i ng s I l l a n d I I which are fastened t o t heframe s i d e s 5 5 a n d 5 6 . At t h e i r r e a r e n d s t h ebrake yoke s i d e a rm s 6 1 and 6 8 a r e provided withbrake l i n i n g s 1 2 an d 1 3 which a r e curved t o ?tthe s u r f a c e o f the brake drums. When h e brakehandle 6 9 i s r a i s e d by the o p e r a t o r t h e brake l i ni n g s 1 2 and 1 3 w i l l be s i m u l t a n e o u s l y p r e s s e da g a i n s t t h e drums t o s t o p t h e r o t a t i o n o f t h e s h a f t5 3 . As t h e brake i s used t o s t o p r o t a t i o n o f t h er e e l s w h en paying o u t t h e l i n e s 2 and 3 , d u r i n gwhich time the r e e l s a r e r o t a t i n g c o u n t e r - c l o c kw i s e a s viewed i n F i g u r e 6 , i t w i l l be apparent t h a ts t o p p i n g t h e s h a f t 5 3 by t h e b r a k e w i l l s t o p t h er e e l s due t o t h e wedging a c t i o n o f t h e r o l l e r s 6 0 .Th e frame s i d e s 5 5 a n d 5 6 ar e j o i n e d a t t h e i rr e a r e n d p o r t i o n s by an e n d w a l l 1 4 t o which i sf a s t e n e d a hook I 5 adapted t o be hooked behindt h e b e l t o f t h e o p e r a t o r . At t h e i r forward e ndth e s i d e s 5 5 a n d 5 6 a r e fastened at t h e i r bottomt o t h e c o n t r o l bar 5 , t h e r e b e i n g a c o n n e c t i n gbrace 1 5 connecting t h e i r forward and upper port i o n s . Screw e y e s 1 1 and I 8 , f a s t e n e d t o t h e frame

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2 , 3 8 8 , 4 7 8s i d e s a t t h e i r f o r w a r d and u p p e r e n d , p r o v i d e f a st e n i n g s t o which a r e a t t a c h e d t h e ends o f a h o u lder harness I S which p a s s e s o v e r t h e s h o u l d e r s o ft h e o p e r a t o r . By m e a n s o f t h e hook 1 5 and t h es h o u l d e r harness 1 9 the whole r e e l and c o n t r o lba r are suspended on th e f r o n t of the operatorand h i s han d s a r e f r e e t o manipulate t h e r e e l s ,b r a k e , crank h a n d l e , an d t h e c o n t r o l b a r 5 . Norm a l l y , t he operator ca n r e s t h i s r i g h t h a n d on t hecrank h a n d l e , and h i s l e f t h a n d on t h e b r a c e 1 6a t t h e f r o n t o f t h e frame 5 1 . He ca n e a s i l y reacht h e ?ngers o f h i s l e f t h a n d down t o g r a s p t h ebrake handl e 6 9 s o that h e ca n r a i s e the handle t oapply t h e b r a k e . Th e brake i s u s e f u l n o t v o n l y i ns l o w i n g t h e running o u t o f t h e ?ying l i n e s a s t h ek i t e a s c e n d s , but canbe o f t e n used t o h o l d t h el i n e s t a u t t o t e s t t h e i r evenness while e i t h e r d r u mi s b e i n g compensated t o t a k e up s l a c k i n t h e l i n e s2 o r 3 . Th e brake s h o u l d a l w a y s b e u s e d t o a r r e s tt h e r e v o l v i n g r e e l s a f t e r paying o u t l i n e .b i n g o f t h e r o t a t i n g handle f o r t h a t p u r p o s e p u t sa s train on h e reel and i t e .

Grab-

The e c e s s i t y f o r the d i f f e r e n t i a l action o f t h et wo e e l s becomes apparent w h e n h e k i t e i s ?own.Then t i s s e e n t h a t a l t h o u g h t h e r e e l i s de signed. - -w i t h narrow d r u m s , and some l a t e r a l p l a y w h i l ec r a n k i n g , s o t h a t t h e incoming and o u t g o i n g l i n e sw i l l s h u t t l e back a nd f o r t h t o a v o i d p i l i n g up onone s i d e or the other o f the r e e l s , ev en s o , the r e w i l lbe u n e v e n n e s s , o f t e n t o o g r e a t t o b e compensatedby yawing t h e c o n t r o l b a r 5 . M o r e o v e r , t h e yawinga c t i o n s h o u l d b e u s e d o n l y f o r maneuvering o f t h ek i t e by moving t h e b r i d l e s t i c k and c o n s e q u e n t l yt h e r u d d e r . Therefore w h e n t h e k i t e i s b e i n g?own t h e l e n g t h o f t h e l i n e s 2 and 3 s h o u l d b e a dj u s t e d by m a n i p u l a t i n g t h e i n d i v i d u a l r e e l s 5 |a n d 5 2 u n t i l t h e l i n e s 2 a n d 3 are of t he s a m el e n g t h , with t h e b r i d l e s t i c k ' 6 a nd t h e c o n t r o l ba r5 both p a r a l l e l t o the k i t e .

There a r e two methods o f using t h e f r e e wheeli n g c l u t c h e s t o a d j u s t t h e l e n g t h o f t h e l i n e s .F i r s t : i f the crank handle 6 3 h as been secured i nth e crank handle s t r a p 6 2 , pu sh forward on th et o p o f t h e Winding d r u m o f whichever l i n e i s s l a c k .Second: i f the crank handl e i s being h eld i n t he 1 hand, use the other h a n d t o hold th e d r u m o f th el i n e that i s s l a c k , a n d back o i l on t he h a n d l e f o r aportion o f a t u r n , t h e n f r e e th e drum an d w i n dboth with a forward motion o f the c r a n k .In ?ying t h e k i t e , as m en t io ne d a b o v e , a y a wi n g motion o f t h e c o n t r o l bar 5 c a u s e s a yawingo f the b r i d l e s t i c k 6 an d a consequent m o v e m e n to f t h e r u d d e r . Th e r e l a t i v e p r o p o r t i o n s o f t h ec o n t r o l ba r 5 , t h e b r i d l e s t i c k 6 an d t h e t i l l e r ba r8 2 ar e t h e r efor e i m p o r t a n t becaus e w it h t h ee l o n g a t e d c o n t r o l ba r a r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l yawingmotion thereof r e s u l t s i n a much arger or magni?ed motion o f the b r i d l e s t i c k .

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One of t h e additional a d v a n t a g e s of the con-t r o l m ec h a n i s m used with the d e s c r i b e d k i t e i s ane i f e c t which r e s u l t s when the c o n t r o l ba r 5 h asbeen yaw e d t o such a n extent that t h e rudder [ 3has mov e d t o an extreme p o s i t i o n , w he r e i t i ss t o p p e d by t h e engagement o f t h e t i l l e r b a r w i t hth e v e r t i c a l ?n 2 5 . When h i s o c c u r s , t he c o n t r o lcord 8 or 9 , a s th e case may e , i s placed u n d e rtension. Since the screw eyes I n a n d I I arespaced a distance from t he m a s t i t w i l l be seent h a t t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f the above d e s c r i b e d t e ns i o n t o the cord 8 or 9 w i l l apply a f o r c e t o t h ek i t e t o t he s i d e o f t h e m a s t a n d on th e s a m e s i d ethereof a s that towards which t h e rudder i st u r n e d . Th e d i r e c t i o n o f t h i s f o r c e i s such a s t oi n c l i n e the k i t e s u r f a c e toward the d i r e c t i o n o fp u l l s o t h a t i t r e a c t s l i k e t h e s a i l o f a b o a t .

60

3Th e form o f k i t e shown'is i n h e r e n t l y s t a b l e .Th e wind p r e s s i n g th e f a b r i c o f the cover on each

s i d e o f t h e mas t forms the c o v e r a l o n g t h a t l i n ei n t o a v e r t i c a l k e e l . The v e r t i c a l ?n 25 aug~ments t h i s k e e l s u r f a c e a n d , b e i n g a t t h e b o t t o m ,adds t o t h e s t e a d i n e s s . Th e a d d i t i o n o f t h e r u dde r p r o v i d e s a m e a n s o f v a r i a b l e p r e s s u r e a g a i n s tt h e a i r stream ?owing a l o n g t h e k e e l and s t e e r st h e k i t e . Th e r e c o v e r y o f t he k i t e from eachmaneuver i s f a c i l i t a t e d by i t s s t a b l e n e s s and i t sn a t u r a l tendency t o c l i m b . I t i s t o b e unders t o o d t h a t t h e s p e c i ? c d i m e n s i o n s f o r t h e k i t e ,a s g i v e n i n t h e p r e c e d i n g p a r t o f t h e d e s c r i p t i o n ,a r e by wa y o f e xamp l e o n l y , and a r e not m e a n ta s l i m i t a t i o n s .

I t w i l l b e understood t h a t t h e above d e s c r i p t i o nand accompanying d r a w i n g s comprehend o n l ythe general an d p r e f e r r e d embod imen t o f t h ei n v e n t i o n and t h a t v a r i o u s changes i n d e t a i l s o fc o n s t r u c t i o n , p r o p o r t i o n and arrangement o fp a r t s may be made Within th e scope o f t h e appended c l a i m s and w i t h o u t s a c r i ? c i n g any o f t h eadvantages o f t h e i n v e n t i o n .Th e i n v e n t i o n d e s c r i b e d h e r e i n may be manu

f a c t u r e d an d used by or f o r t h e Governmen t o ft h e United S t a t e s o f America f o r governmentalpurposes without the p a y m e n t t o me o f a n yr o y a l t y thereon o r t h e r e f o r .What s claimed i s :l . A maneuvering k i t e and c o n t r o l c o m p r i s i n g

a ; s u b s t a n t i a l l y diamond shaped k i t e h a v i n g am a s t a n d a spar fastened together an d a covert h e r e f o r ; a b r i d l e l i n e f a s t e n e d t o t h e mast a tp o i n t s a d j a c e n t i t s e n d s ; a b r i d l e s t i c k connecteda t i t s mid-point t o s a i d b r i d l e l i n e a t a p o i n tc l o s e r t o t h e upper end t h e r e o f than t h e o t h e r ;a rudder p i v o t a l l y a t t a c h e d t o s a i d mast a d j a c e n tthe rear e n d t h e r e o f ; a t i l l e r i b a r attached t o s a i dr u d d e r ; c o n t r o l c o r d s c o n n e c t i n g t h e e n d s o f s a i db r i d l e s t i c k t o t h e ends o f s a i d t i l l e r b a r ; spacedg u i d e s on s a i d spar through which s a i d c o n t r o lc o r d s p a s s ; m e a n s l i m i t i n g th e m o v e m e n t o f s a i drudder t o approximately 9 0 d e g r e e s on e i t h e r s i d eo f i t s neutral p o s i t i o n ; a c o n t r o l bar adapted t o b e used by an operator on t he ground; a n d l i n e sc o n n e c t i n g t h e e n d s o f s a i d b r i d l e s t i c k t o t h eends o f s a i d c o n t r o l b a r .

2 . A maneuvering k i t e and c o n t r o l comprisinga k i t e having a l o n g i t u d i n a l k e e l ; a b r i d l e l i n ef a s t e n e d t o t h e k i t e a t p o i n t s a d j a c e n t t h e endso f s a i d k e e l ; a b r i d l e s t i c k connected a t i t s m i dp o i n t t o s a i d b r i d l e l i n e a t a p o i n t c l o s e r t o theupper e nd thereof t h a n t h e o t h e r ; a v e r t i c a lrudder p i v o t a l l y a t t a c h e d t o t h e k i t e a d j a c e n t t h el o w e r e nd o f s a i d k e e l ; c o n t r o l c o r d s c o n n e c t i n gthe e n d s o f s a i d b r i d le s t i c k t o s a i d r u d d e r ; t r a n sv e r s e l y spaced g u i d e s a t t a c h e d t o s a i d k i t ethrough which s a i d c o n t r o l c o r d s p a s s ; m e a n sl i m i t i n g th e movement o f s a i d rudder t o a p p r o x imately 9 0 d e g r e e s on e i t h e r s i d e o f i t s neutralp o s i t i o n ; a . c o n t r o l bar adapted t o be o p e r a t e d byan operator on t h e ground; and l i n e s connectingthe ends o f s a i d b r i d l e s t i c k t o the ends o f s a i dc o n t r o l b a r .

3 . A maneuvering k i t e and c o n t r o l c o m p r i s i n ga k i t e having a l o n g i t u d i n a l k e e l ; a v e r t i c a l ?nf a s t e n e d t o the k i t e adjacent t h e lower e nd o fs a i d k e e l ; a b r i d l e l i n e f a s t e n e d t o the k i t e a tp o i n t s adjacent t h e ends o f s a i d k e e l ; a b r i d l es t i c k connected a t i t s mid-point t o s a i d b r i d l el i n e a t a point c l o s e r t o t h e upper e n d thereofthan t h e o t h e r ; a v e r t i c a l r u d d e r p i v o t a l l y a ttached t o t h e k i t e adjacent t h e lower e nd o f s a i d

, v e r t i c a l ?n , f o r movement bout a n axis substan7 5 t i a l l y p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o s a i d k e e l ; a t i l l e r ba r pr o

8/22/2019 Target Kite (1944)

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4j e c t i n g from e i t h e r s i d e o f s a i d rudder an d p r ov i d i n g s t o p m e a n s t o l i m i t the movement o f s a i drudder t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y 9 0 d e g r e e s t o e i t h e rs i d e o f i t s n e u t r a l p o s i t i o n by engaging t h e s a i dv e r t i c a l ?n; a p a i r o f t r a n s v e r s e l y spaced g u i d e sfastened t o s a i d k i t e on e i t h e r s i d e o f s a i d k e e land l y i n g i n a plane s u b s t a n t i a l l y perpendiculart o s a i d k i t e a n d passing t h ro ug h the mid-pointo f s a i d b r i d l e s t i c k ; the d i s t a n c e between s a i dg u i d e s being s u b s t a n t i a l l y the s a m e a s the lengtho f s a i d b r i d l e s t i c k ; a p a i r o f c o n t r o l cords conm e e t i n g t h e ends o f s a i d b r i d l e s t i c k t o the e n d so f s a i d t i l l e r b a r , each cord p a s s i n g through oneo f s a i d g u i d e s and t he l e n g t h o f s a i d c o r d s beingsuch t h a t with s a i d rudder i n n e u t r a l p o s i t i o ns a i d b r i d l e s t i c k w i l l b e p a r a l l e l with s a i d k i t e ;a n d a p a i r o f l i n e s connected t o th e e n d s o f s a i db r i d l e s t i c k an d adapted t o be mov e d by a n ope r a t o r on the ground, wh ereby s a i d b r i d l e s t i c ka n d rudder ar e s h i f t e d t o m a n e u v e r the k i t e .4 . Th e e v i c e claimed i n claim 3 wh er e i n acont r o l ba r s e v e r a l t i m e s t h e l e n g t h o f s a i d b r i d l es t i c k i s connected t o the ends o f s a i d l a s t ment i o n e d p a i r o f l i n e s , whereby t h e k i t e may bemaneuvere d by yawing the c o n t r o l s t i c k .5 . A maneuvering k i t e a n d c o n t r o l comprisinga k i t e having a rudder p i v o t a l l y attached theretoa n d movable about a s u b s t a n t i a l l y v e r t i c a l a x i s ;a . p a i r o f t r a n s v e r s e l y spaced g u i d e s a t t a c h e d t os a i d k i t e ; a b r i d l e s t i c k p i v o t a l l y attached t o s a i dk i t e a t a p o i n t s u b s t a n t i a l l y spaced t h e r e f r o m ;a c o n t r o l cord attached t o each e n d o f s a i d b r i d l es t i c k and p a s s i n g through one o f s a i d g u i d e s , t h eo t h e r e nd o f each cord being attached to s a i drudder; means l i m i t i n g t h e m o v e m e n t of s a i dr u d d e r t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y 9 0 d e g r e e s on e i t h e r s i d e

10

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25

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35

2 , 3 8 8 , 4 7 8o f i t s n e u t r a l p o s i t i o n ; a c o n t r o l ba r adapted t obe operated by a n o p e r a t o r on the ground; an da p a i r o f l i n e s connected t o the'ends o f s a i d b r i d l es t i c k a n d s a i d c o n t r o l b a r .6 . Th e d e v i c e described i n claim 5 wherein s a i dc o n t r o l ba r h a s mou n t e d thereon a p a i r o f r e e l s ;each o f s a i d l a s t mentioned l i n e s p a s s i n g fromt h e e n d o f said control bar to on e o f said r e e l s ;a s h aft on which aid reels a re mounted; a crankf o r r o t a t i n g s a i d s h a f t ; an d a f r e e - w h e e l i n g c l u t c hbetween a i d s h a f t and each o f s a i d r e e l s , wherebys a i d r e e l s may be rotated simultaneously or i ndependently. '

' 7 . A o n t r o l device f o r a m a neuv er i ng k i t e comp r i s i n g a c o n t r o l ba r o f s u b s t a n t i a l l e n g t h ; a pu ll e y adjacent each e n d o f s a i d b a r ; a frame a ttached t o s a i d c o n t r o l ba r s u b s t a n t i a l l y a t t h ec e n t e r t h e r e o f ; a shaft r o t a t a b l y mou n t e d on s a i dframe; a crank ?xed t o s a i d s h a f t ; m e a n s holdi n g s a i d crank an d s h a f t a g a i n s t r o t a t i o n ; a p a i ro f r e e l s rotatably m o u n t e d on said s h a f t ; a f r e ewheeling c l u t c h d r i v e between each r e e l and s a i ds h a f t ; a brake m e a n s o p e r a b l e t o s t o p the r o t at i o n o f s a i d s h a f t an d a i d r e e l s ; an d u l l e y m e a n sadjacent the c e n t e r o f s a i d c o n t r o l ba r and a t t h eends t h e r e o f t o guide ? e x i b l e l i n e s from s a i d r e e l sto th e e n d s o f said control arm.8 . Th e d e v i c e d e s c r i b e d i n claim ' 7 whereinm e a n s are provided t o fasten t h e back o f s a i dframe t o th e b e l t o f an operator; a n d ha rnes sm e a n s attached t o t h e front o f s a i d frame a n doperable t o pass over the shoulder o f t he ope r a t o r , whereby s a i d frame i s suspended from h eoperator t o a l l o w h i m t o use h i s h a n d s t o ope r a t e s a i d c r a n k , b r a k e , a nd r e e l s .PAUL . GARBER.