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Standar Nasional Indonesia

SNI 7973:2013

Spesifikasi desain untuk konstruksi kayu

ICS 91.080.20

Badan Standardisasi Nasional

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BSN 2013 Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang. Dilarang mengumumkan dan memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh isi dokumen ini dengan cara dan dalam bentuk apapun serta dilarang mendistribusikan dokumen ini baik secara elektronik maupun tercetak tanpa izin tertulis dari BSN BSN Gd. Manggala Wanabakti Blok IV, Lt. 3,4,7,10. Telp. +6221-5747043 Fax. +6221-5747045 Email: dokinfo@bsn.go.id www.bsn.go.id Diterbitkan di Jakarta

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SNI 7973:2013

BSN 2013 i

Daftar isi Daftar isi .................................................................................................................................... iDaftar Gambar .................................................................................................................... xxivDaftar Tabel ........................................................................................................................ xxviPrakata ............................................................................................................................... xxix1 Persyaratan Umum untuk Desain Struktural ...................................................................... 11.1 Lingkup ............................................................................................................................ 11.1.1 Praktik yang didefinisikan ............................................................................................. 11.1.2 Supervisi yang Kompeten .............................................................................................. 11.2 Persyaratan Umum ......................................................................................................... 11.2.1 Pemenuhan Standar ..................................................................................................... 11.2.2 Perangkaian dan Pembreisingan .................................................................................. 11.3 Standar Sebagai Satu Kesatuan ..................................................................................... 21.4 Prosedur Desain .............................................................................................................. 21.4.1 Asumsi Pembebanan .................................................................................................... 21.4.2 Ditentukan di Peraturan ................................................................................................ 21.4.3 Beban yang Dimasukkan .............................................................................................. 21.4.4 Kombinasi Beban .......................................................................................................... 21.5 Spesifikasi dan Gambar Rencana ................................................................................... 21.5.1 Ukuran .......................................................................................................................... 21.6 Notasi ............................................................................................................................... 32 Nilai Desain untuk Komponen Struktur ............................................................................... 92.1 Umum ................................................................................................................................ 92.1.1 Persyaratan Umum ........................................................................................................ 92.1.2 Tanggungjawab Perencana untuk Mengoreksi terhadap Kondisi Penggunaan ........... 92.2 Nilai Desain Acuan .......................................................................................................... 92.3 Koreksi terhadap Nilai Desain Acuan .............................................................................. 92.3.1 Keberlakuan Faktor Koreksi ......................................................................................... 92.3.2 Faktor Durasi Beban, CD (hanya DTI) ........................................................................... 92.3.3 Faktor Temperatur, Ct ................................................................................................. 102.3.4 Perlakuan Hambat Api ................................................................................................ 112.3.5 Faktor Konversi Format, KF (hanya DFBK) ................................................................. 112.3.6 Faktor Ketahanan, (hanya DFBK) .......................................................................... 112.3.7 Faktor Efek Waktu, (hanya DFBK) ........................................................................... 113 Ketentuan dan Persamaan Desain ................................................................................... 123.1 Umum ............................................................................................................................ 12

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BSN 2013 ii

3.1.2 Luas Penampang Neto .............................................................................................. 123.1.3 Sambungan ................................................................................................................ 133.1.4 Deformasi yang Bergantung pada Waktu .................................................................. 133.1.5 Konstruksi Komposit .................................................................................................. 133.2 Komponen Struktur Lentur ............................................................................................ 133.2.1 Bentang Komponen Struktur Lentur .......................................................................... 133.2.2 Distribusi Lateral Beban Terpusat .............................................................................. 133.2.3 Takikan ...................................................................................................................... 143.3 Komponen Struktur Lentur Lentur .............................................................................. 143.3.1 Kekuatan Lentur ........................................................................................................... 143.3.2 Persamaan Desain Lentur ........................................................................................... 143.3.3 Faktor Stabilitas Balok, CL ......................................................................................... 143.4 Komponen Struktur Lentur Geser .............................................................................. 163.4.1 Kekuatan Geser Sejajar Serat (Geser Horizontal) ....................................................... 163.4.2 Persamaan Desain Geser ............................................................................................ 163.4.3 Desain Geser ............................................................................................................... 163.5 Komponen Struktur Lentur Defleksi ........................................................................... 193.5.1 Perhitungan Defleksi .................................................................................................. 193.5.2 Pembebanan Jangka Panjang ................................................................................... 193.6 Komponen Struktur Tekan Umum ............................................................................. 203.6.1 Terminologi ................................................................................................................ 203.6.2 Klasifikasi Kolom ........................................................................................................ 203.6.3 Kekuatan Tekan Sejajar Serat ................................................................................... 203.6.4 Tumpu Komponen struktur Tekan Ujung ke Ujung .................................................... 203.6.5 Pembebanan Eksentris atau Tegangan Kombinasi ................................................... 213.6.6 Breising Kolom ........................................................................................................... 213.6.7 Tumpuan Lateral Pelengkung, Stad, dan Batang Tekan pada Rangka Batang ........ 213.7 Kolom Masif .................................................................................................................. 213.7.1 Faktor Stabilitas Kolom, CP ........................................................................................ 213.7.2 Kolom Tirus .................................................................................................................. 223.7.3 Kolom Bundar ............................................................................................................ 223.8 Komponen struktur Tarik ............................................................................................... 223.8.1 Tarik Sejajar Serat ..................................................................................................... 223.8.2 Tarik Tegak Lurus Serat ............................................................................................ 223.9 Kombinasi Pembebanan Lentur dan Aksial ................................................................. 233.9.1 Lentur dan Tarik Aksial .............................................................................................. 233.9.2 Lentur dan Tekan Aksial ............................................................................................ 23

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BSN 2013 iii

3.9.3 Pembebanan Tekan Eksentris .................................................................................... 243.10 Desain Tumpu ............................................................................................................. 243.10.1 Tumpu Sejajar Serat ................................................................................................. 243.10.2 Tumpu Tegak Lurus Serat ........................................................................................ 253.10.3 Tumpu Bersudut Terhadap Serat ............................................................................. 253.10.4 Faktor Luas Tumpu, Cb ............................................................................................. 254 Kayu Gergajian ................................................................................................................. 264.1 Umum ............................................................................................................................ 264.1.1 Ruang Lingkup ............................................................................................................ 264.1.2 Identifikasi Kayu .......................................................................................................... 264.1.3 Definisi ........................................................................................................................ 264.1.4 Kondisi Layan Kadar Air Kayu .................................................................................... 274.1.5 Ukuran Kayu ............................................................................................................... 274.1.6 Kayu yang Disambung di Ujung atau Dilem Di tepi ...................................................... 274.1.7 Kayu Gergaji Ulang atau Produk Ulang ........................................................................ 274.2 Desain Acuan .................................................................................................................. 284.2.1 Nilai Desain Acuan ....................................................................................................... 284.2.2 Species dan Mutu lain ................................................................................................ 294.2.3 Basis untuk Nilai Desain Acuan .................................................................................. 294.2.4 Modulus elastisitas, E ................................................................................................... 294.2.5 Lentur, Fb ...................................................................................................................... 294.2.6 Tekan Tegak Lurus Serat, Fc ...................................................................................... 304.3 Koreksi pada Nilai Desain Acuan .................................................................................. 304.3.1 Umum ......................................................................................................................... 304.3.2 Faktor Durasi Beban, CD (DTI) ................................................................................... 314.3.3 Faktor Layan Basah, CM ............................................................................................. 314.3.4 Faktor Temperatur, Ct ................................................................................................. 314.3.5 Faktor Stabilitas Balok, CL .......................................................................................... 324.3.6 Faktor Ukuran, CF ....................................................................................................... 324.3.7 Faktor Penggunaan Rebah, Cfu .................................................................................. 324.3.8 Faktor Tusukan, Ci ...................................................................................................... 324.3.9 Faktor Komponen Struktur Berulang, Cr ..................................................................... 334.3.10 Faktor Stabilitas Kolom, CP ....................................................................................... 334.3.11 Faktor Kekakuan Tekuk, CT ...................................................................................... 334.3.12 Faktor Luas Tumpu, Cb ............................................................................................. 334.3.13 Perlakuan Pengawetan dengan Vakum Tekan ........................................................ 334.3.14 Faktor Konversi Format, KF (hanya DFBK) ............................................................... 33

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BSN 2013 iv

4.3.15 Faktor Ketahanan, (hanya DFBK) ......................................................................... 344.3.16 Faktor Efek Waktu, (hanya DFBK) ........................................................................ 344.4 Tinjauan Desain Khusus ............................................................................................... 344.4.1 Stabilitas Komponen Struktur Lentur ......................................................................... 344.4.2 Rangka Batang Kayu ................................................................................................. 344.4.3 Takikan ....................................................................................................................... 355 Kayu Glulam Struktural .................................................................................................... 365.1 Umum ........................................................................................................................... 365.1.1 Lingkup ...................................................................................................................... 365.1.2 Definisi ....................................................................................................................... 365.1.3 Dimensi Standar ........................................................................................................ 375.1.4 Kondisi Layan ............................................................................................................ 375.2 Nilai Desain Acuan ........................................................................................................ 375.2.1 Nilai Desain Acuan ..................................................................................................... 375.2.2 Orientasi Komponen Struktur ..................................................................................... 405.2.3 Susunan Lapisan Seimbang dan Tidak Seimbang .................................................... 405.2.4 Lentur, Fbx+, Fbx-, Fby ................................................................................................... 405.2.5 Tekan Tegak Lurus Serat, Fcx, Fcy .......................................................................... 405.2.6 Geser Sejajar Serat, Fvx, Fvy ...................................................................................... 415.2.7 Modulus Elastisitas, Ex, Ex min, Ey, Ey min ..................................................................... 415.2.8 Tarik Radial, Frt .......................................................................................................... 415.2.9 Tekan Radial, Frc ........................................................................................................ 415.2.10 Jenis dan Kelas Kayu lainnya .................................................................................. 425.3 Nilai Desain Acuan Terkoreksi ...................................................................................... 425.3.1 Umum ........................................................................................................................ 425.3.2 Faktor Durasi Beban, CD (hanya untuk DTI) .............................................................. 425.3.3 Faktor Layan Basah, CM ............................................................................................. 425.3.4 Faktor Temperatur, Ct ............................................................................................... 435.3.5 Faktor Stabilitas Balok, CL ......................................................................................... 435.3.6 Faktor Volume, Cv ...................................................................................................... 435.3.7 Faktor penggunaan rebah, Cfu ................................................................................... 445.3.8 Faktor Kelengkungan, Cc ........................................................................................... 445.3.9 Faktor Interaksi Tegangan, CI .................................................................................... 445.3.10 Faktor Reduksi Geser, Cvr ........................................................................................ 455.3.11 Faktor Stabilitas Kolom, Cp ...................................................................................... 455.3.12 Faktor Bidang Tumpu, Cb ......................................................................................... 455.3.13 Pengawetan Dengan Tekanan ................................................................................ 45

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BSN 2013 v

5.3.14 Faktor Konversi Format , KF (hanya untuk DFBK) .................................................... 455.3.15 Faktor Ketahanan, (hanya untuk DFBK) ................................................................ 455.3.16 Faktor Efek Waktu, , (hanya untuk DFBK) .............................................................. 455.4 Tinjauan Desain Khusus ................................................................................................ 465.4.2 Komponen Struktur Lentur Lengkung Tirus-Ganda ................................................... 465.4.3 Stabilitas Lateral untuk Pelengkung Tudor ................................................................. 485.4.4 Komponen Struktur Lentur Lurus Tirus ....................................................................... 485.4.5 Takikan ....................................................................................................................... 506 Tiang dan Pancang Kayu Bundar ..................................................................................... 506.1 Umum ............................................................................................................................ 506.1.1 Lingkup ....................................................................................................................... 506.1.2 Spesifikasi ................................................................................................................... 506.1.3 Ukuran standar ............................................................................................................. 506.1.4 Perawatan dengan Pengawetan ................................................................................... 516.2 Nilai Desain Acuan ........................................................................................................ 516.2.1 Nilai Desain Acuan ..................................................................................................... 516.2.2 Kelas Mutu atau Jenis kayu lainnya ........................................................................... 516.3 Nilai Desain Acuan Terkoreksi ....................................................................................... 526.3.1 Umum ......................................................................................................................... 526.3.2 Faktor Durasi Beban, CD (hanya DTI) ......................................................................... 526.3.3 Faktor Layan Basah, CM ............................................................................................. 526.3.4 Faktor Temperatur, Ct ................................................................................................. 526.3.5 Faktor Kondisi Perlakuan Cct ...................................................................................... 536.3.6 Faktor Stabilitas Balok, CL .......................................................................................... 536.3.7 Faktor Ukuran, CF ....................................................................................................... 536.3.8 Faktor Stabilitas Kolom, Cp ......................................................................................... 536.3.9 Faktor Penampang Kritis, Ccs ..................................................................................... 536.3.10 Faktor Luas Tumpu, Cb ............................................................................................. 536.3.11 Faktor Berbagi Beban ( Faktor Kelompok Pancang), Cls .......................................... 546.3.12 Faktor Konversi Format, Kf, (hanya DFBK) .............................................................. 546.3.13 Faktor Ketahanan, (hanya DFBK) ......................................................................... 546.3.14 Faktor Efek Waktu, (hanya DFBK) ........................................................................ 547 I-Joist Kayu Prapabrikasi .................................................................................................. 547.1 Umum ............................................................................................................................ 547.1.1 Ruang Lingkup ............................................................................................................ 547.1.2 Definisi ........................................................................................................................ 547.1.3 Identifikasi ................................................................................................................... 55

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7.1.4 Kondisi Layan ............................................................................................................ 557.2 Nilai Desain Acuan ........................................................................................................ 557.3 Nilai Desain Acuan Terkoreksi ...................................................................................... 557.3.1 Umum ........................................................................................................................ 557.3.2 Faktor Durasi Beban, CD (hanya DTI) ........................................................................ 557.3.3 Faktor Layan Basah, CM ............................................................................................ 557.3.4 Faktor Temperatur, Ct ................................................................................................ 557.3.5 Faktor Stabilitas Balok, CL ......................................................................................... 567.3.6 Faktor komponen struktur berulang, Cr ...................................................................... 567.3.7 Perlakuan pengawetan dengan vakum tekan ............................................................ 567.3.8 Faktor Konversi Format, KF (hanya DFBK) ................................................................ 567.3.9 Faktor Ketahanan, (hanya DFBK) ........................................................................... 577.3.10 Faktor Efek waktu, (hanya untuk DFBK) ............................................................... 577.4 Ketentuan Desain Khusus ............................................................................................ 577.4.1 Tumpu ........................................................................................................................ 577.4.2 Aplikasi Beban ........................................................................................................... 577.4.3 Lubang pada Badan ................................................................................................... 577.4.4 Takikan ...................................................................................................................... 577.4.5 Defleksi ...................................................................................................................... 577.4.6 Transfer Beban Vertikal ............................................................................................. 587.4.7 Geser ......................................................................................................................... 588 Kayu Komposit Struktural ................................................................................................ 588.1 Umum ........................................................................................................................... 588.1.1 Ruang Lingkup ........................................................................................................... 588.1.2 Definisi ....................................................................................................................... 588.1.3 Identifikasi .................................................................................................................. 588.1.4 Kondisi Layan ............................................................................................................ 588.2 Nilai Desain Acuan ........................................................................................................ 588.3 Koreksi dari Nilai Desain Acuan .................................................................................... 598.3.1 Umum ........................................................................................................................ 598.3.2 Faktor Durasi Beban, CD (hanya untuk DTI) .............................................................. 598.3.3 Faktor Layan Basah, CM ............................................................................................ 598.3.4 Faktor Temperatur, Ct ............................................................................................... 608.3.5 Faktor Stabilitas Balok, CL ......................................................................................... 608.3.6 Volume Factor, Cv ...................................................................................................... 608.3.7 Faktor Komponen Struktur Berulang, Cr .................................................................... 608.3.8 Faktor Stabilitas Kolom, Cp ........................................................................................ 60

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BSN 2013 vii

8.3.9 Faktor Luas Tumpu, Cb ............................................................................................... 608.3.10 Perlakuan Pengawetan Dengan Vakum Tekan ........................................................ 608.3.11 Faktor Konversi Format (hanya DFBK) .................................................................... 618.3.12 Faktor Ketahanan, (hanya DFBK) ........................................................................ 618.3.13 Faktor Efek waktu, (hanya DFBK) .......................................................................... 618.4 Pertimbangan Desain Khusus ....................................................................................... 619 Panel Kayu Struktural ....................................................................................................... 619.1 Umum ............................................................................................................................ 619.1.1 Lingkup ....................................................................................................................... 619.1.2 Identifikasi ................................................................................................................... 619.1.3 Definisi ........................................................................................................................ 619.1.4 Kondisi Layan ............................................................................................................... 629.2 Nilai Desain Acuan ......................................................................................................... 629.2.1 Kekakuan dan Kekuatan Panel .................................................................................... 629.2.2 Properti Kekuatan dan Elastis .................................................................................... 629.2.3 Desain Ketebalan ....................................................................................................... 629.2.4 Properti Desain Penampang ....................................................................................... 629.3 Koreksi pada Nilai Desain Acuan .................................................................................. 639.3.1 Umum ........................................................................................................................... 639.3.2 Faktor Durasi Beban, CD (hanya untuk DTI) ............................................................... 639.3.3 Faktor Layan Basah, CM dan Faktor Temperatur, Ct .................................................. 639.3.4 Faktor Ukuran Panel, CS ............................................................................................. 639.3.5 Faktor Konversi Format, KF (hanya DFBK) ................................................................. 649.3.6 Faktor Ketahanan, (hanya DFBK) ........................................................................... 649.3.7 Faktor Efek waktu, (hanya DFBK) ........................................................................... 649.4 Tinjauan Desain ............................................................................................................. 649.4.1 Lentur Rebah .............................................................................................................. 649.4.2 Tarik pada Bidang Panel ............................................................................................ 649.4.3 Tekan pada Bidang Panel .......................................................................................... 649.4.4 Geser Planar (Gelinding) ............................................................................................ 649.4.5 Geser pada sisi tebal .................................................................................................. 659.4.6 Tumpu ......................................................................................................................... 6510 Sambungan Mekanik ...................................................................................................... 6510.1 Umum .......................................................................................................................... 6510.1.1 Lingkup ..................................................................................................................... 6510.1.2 Tegangan pada komponen sambungan ................................................................... 6510.1.3 Sambungan eksentris ............................................................................................... 65

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10.1.4 Sambungan dengan pengencang campuran ........................................................... 6610.1.5 Pembuatan Sambungan .......................................................................................... 6610.2 Nilai Desain Acuan ...................................................................................................... 6610.2.1 Sambungan Pengencang Tunggal .......................................................................... 6610.2.2 Sambungan Pengencang Banyak ............................................................................. 6710.2.3 Desain bagian metal ................................................................................................ 6710.2.4 Desain bagian beton atau pasangan bata ............................................................... 6710.3 Koreksi pada Nilai Desain Acuan ................................................................................ 6710.3.1 Keberlakuan Faktor Koreksi ..................................................................................... 6710.3.2 Faktor Durasi Beban, CD (hanya untuk DTI) ............................................................ 6810.3.3 Faktor Layan Basah, CM .......................................................................................... 6810.3.4 Faktor Temperatur, Ct .............................................................................................. 6910.3.5 Perlakuan Tahan Api ............................................................................................... 7010.3.6 Faktor Aksi Kelompok, Cg ........................................................................................ 7010.3.7 Faktor Konversi Format, KF (hanya untuk DFBK) .................................................... 7210.3.8 Faktor Ketahanan, (hanya DFBK) ......................................................................... 7210.3.9 Faktor Efek waktu, (hanya DFBK) ........................................................................ 7211 Pengencang Tipe-Pasak (Baut, Sekrup kunci, Sekrup kayu, Paku/Pantek, Baut dorong, dan Pin dorong) .................................................................................................................... 7411.1 Umum ......................................................................................................................... 7411.1.1 Lingkup .................................................................................................................... 7411.1.2 Istilah ........................................................................................................................ 7511.1.3 Baut .......................................................................................................................... 7511.1.4 Sekrup Kunci ............................................................................................................ 7511.1.5 Sekrup kayu ............................................................................................................. 7611.1.6 Paku dan Pantek ........................................................................................................ 7711.1.7 Baut Dorong dan Pin Dorong ................................................................................... 7811.1.8 Pengencang tipe-pasak lainnya ............................................................................... 7811.2 Nilai Desain Cabut Acuan ........................................................................................... 7811.2.1 Sekrup Kunci ............................................................................................................ 7811.2.2 Sekrup Kayu ............................................................................................................ 7911.2.3 Paku dan Pantek ...................................................................................................... 8011.2.4 Baut Dorong dan Pin Dorong ..................................................................................... 8011.3 Nilai desain lateral acuan ............................................................................................ 8311.3.1 Persamaan Batas Leleh ........................................................................................... 8311.3.2 Kondisi Umum Sambungan ..................................................................................... 8411.3.3 Kuat tumpu pasak .................................................................................................... 87

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11.3.4 Kuat tumpu pasak dengan sudut pada serat ............................................................ 9011.3.5 Panjang tumpu pasak ............................................................................................... 9011.3.6 Kuat lentur leleh pasak ............................................................................................. 9011.3.7 Diameter Pasak .......................................................................................................... 9111.3.8 Sambungan tiga komponen struktur tidak simetrik, geser ganda ............................. 9111.3.9 Sambungan bidang geser banyak ............................................................................ 9111.3.10 Beban dengan sudut pada sumbu pengencang ..................................................... 9111.3.11 Baut dorong dan Pin dorong ................................................................................... 9211.4 Kombinasi beban lateral dan cabut ............................................................................. 9211.4.1 Sekrup kunci dan sekrup kayu .................................................................................. 9211.4.2 Paku dan pantek ....................................................................................................... 9211.5 Koreksi terhadap nilai desain acuan ............................................................................ 9311.5.1 Faktor geometrik, C ................................................................................................. 9311.5.2 Faktor serat ujung, Ceg .............................................................................................. 9611.5.3 Faktor diafragma, Cdi ................................................................................................ 9611.5.4 Faktor paku-miring, Ctn ............................................................................................. 9611.6 Pengencang Majemuk ................................................................................................. 9711.6.1 Pengencang zig-zag simetrik .................................................................................... 9711.6.2 Alat pengencang yang dibebani dengan sudut terhadap arah serat ........................ 9711.6.3 Tegangan lokal pada sambungan ............................................................................ 9712 Konektor Cincin Belah Dan Pelat Geser ......................................................................... 9812.1 Umum .......................................................................................................................... 9812.1.1 Ruang lingkup ........................................................................................................... 9812.1.2 Istilah ........................................................................................................................ 9812.1.3 Kualitas Konektor Cincin Belah dan Pelat Geser ..................................................... 9812.1.4 Pabrikasi dan Perakitan ............................................................................................ 9912.2 Nilai Desain Acuan .................................................................................................... 10012.2.1 Nilai Desain Acuan ................................................................................................. 10012.2.2 Ketebalan dari Komponen Struktur Kayu ............................................................... 10312.2.3 Faktor Kedalaman Penetrasi, Cd ............................................................................ 10312.2.4 Faktor Pelat Sisi Metal, Cst ..................................................................................... 10312.2.5 Beban Bersudut terhadap Serat ............................................................................. 10412.2.6 Konektor Cincin Belah dan Pelat Geser pada Ujung Serat .................................... 10412.3 Penempatan Konektor Cincin Belah dan Pelat Geser ............................................... 10712.3.1 Istilah ...................................................................................................................... 10712.3.2 Faktor Geometri, C untuk Konektor Cincin Belah dan Pelat Geser pada Serat Sisi10912.3.3 Faktor Geometri, C, untuk Konektor Cincin Belah dan Pelat Geser pada Serat Ujung .................................................................................................................................. 110

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12.3.4 Konektor Majemuk Cincin Belah dan Pelat Geser ................................................. 11313 Paku Keling Kayu ......................................................................................................... 11513.1 Umum ....................................................................................................................... 11513.1.1 Ruang lingkup ........................................................................................................ 11513.1.2 Kualitas Paku Keling dan Pelat Sisi Baja ............................................................... 11513.1.3 Pabrikasi dan Perakitan ......................................................................................... 11513.2 Nilai Desain Acuan .................................................................................................... 11613.2.1 Pembebanan Sejajar Serat .................................................................................... 11613.2.2 Pembebanan Tegak lurus Serat ............................................................................ 11613.2.3 Faktor Pelat Sisi Logam, Cst .................................................................................. 11713.2.4 Beban Bersudut Terhadap Serat ........................................................................... 11713.2.5 Paku Keling Kayu pada Serat Ujung ...................................................................... 11713.2.6 Desain Bagian Logam ............................................................................................ 11713.3 Penempatan Paku Keling kayu ................................................................................. 11713.3.1 Spasi Antar Paku Keling ........................................................................................ 11713.3.2 Jarak Ujung dan Tepi ............................................................................................. 11714 Dinding Geser dan Diafragma ..................................................................................... 12614.1 Umum ....................................................................................................................... 12614.1.1 Penggunaan ........................................................................................................... 12614.1.2 Definisi ................................................................................................................... 12614.1.3 Komponen struktur rangka ..................................................................................... 12614.1.4 Pengencang ........................................................................................................... 12614.1.5 Penutup .................................................................................................................. 12614.2 Prinsip Desain ........................................................................................................... 12714.3 Dinding Geser ........................................................................................................... 12714.3.1 Definisi ................................................................................................................... 12714.3.2 Pengangkuran Dinding Geser ................................................................................ 12714.3.3 Gaya geser ............................................................................................................ 12714.3.4 Ketahanan Geser ................................................................................................... 12714.3.5 Defleksi Dinding Geser .......................................................................................... 12714.4 Diafragma ................................................................................................................. 12814.4.1 Definisi ................................................................................................................... 12814.4.2 Gaya Geser ............................................................................................................ 12814.4.3 Ketahanan Geser ................................................................................................... 12814.4.4 Defleksi Diafragma ................................................................................................. 12815 Kondisi Pembebanan Khusus ...................................................................................... 12915.1 Distribusi Lateral Akibat Beban Terpusat ................................................................. 129

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15.1.1 Distribusi Lateral Beban Terpusat untuk Momen .................................................... 12915.1.2 Distribusi Lateral Beban Terpusat untuk Geser ...................................................... 13015.2 Kolom Berspasi .......................................................................................................... 13015.2.1 Umum ..................................................................................................................... 13015.2.2 Ketentuan kelos dan kelos ujung ............................................................................ 13115.2.3 Faktor Stabilitas Kolom, Cp ..................................................................................... 13215.3 Kolom Tersusun ......................................................................................................... 13315.3.1 Umum ..................................................................................................................... 13315.3.2 Faktor Stabilitas Kolom, Cp ..................................................................................... 13315.3.3 Kolom Tersusun Berpaku ....................................................................................... 13515.3.4 Kolom Tersusun Berbaut ........................................................................................ 13615.4 Kolom Kayu dengan Beban Samping dan Eksentrisitas ........................................... 13615.4.1 Persamaan Umum .................................................................................................. 13615.4.2 Kolom dengan Braket Sisi ...................................................................................... 13816 Desain Ketahanan Api Komponen Struktur Kayu ......................................................... 13916.1 Umum ........................................................................................................................ 13916.2 Prosedur Desain untuk Komponen Struktur Kayu yang Diekspose .......................... 13916.2.1 Laju Pembentukan Arang ....................................................................................... 13916.2.2 Kekuatan Komponen Struktur ................................................................................. 14016.2.3 Desain Komponen Struktur ..................................................................................... 14016.2.4 Ketentuan Khusus untuk Balok Kayu Glulam Struktural ......................................... 14016.2.5 Ketentuan Untuk Dek kayu ..................................................................................... 14116.3 Sambungan Kayu ...................................................................................................... 141Lampiran A Praktik Desain dan Pelaksanaan ..................................................................... 143A.1 Penanganan Material .................................................................................................... 143A.2 Pondasi ......................................................................................................................... 143A.3 Desain Struktural ........................................................................................................... 143A.4 Drainase ........................................................................................................................ 143A.5 Lawan Lendut ................................................................................................................ 143A.6 Ereksi ............................................................................................................................ 143A.7 Inspeksi ......................................................................................................................... 144A.8 Perawatan ..................................................................................................................... 144A.9 Breising Kolom Kayu ..................................................................................................... 144A.10 Breising Rangka Batang .............................................................................................. 144A.11 Tumpuan Lateral pada Pelengkung, Batang Tekan pada Rangka Batang, dan Stud . 144Lampiran B (Informatif) Durasi Beban (Hanya DTI) ............................................................. 146B.1 Koreksi Pada Nilai Desain Acuan Untuk Durasi Beban ................................................ 146

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B.2 Kombinasi Beban-beban dengan Durasi Berbeda ..................................................... 146B.3 Sambungan Mekanis .................................................................................................. 148B.4 Faktor Reduksi Kombinasi Beban .............................................................................. 148Lampiran C (Informatif) Efek Temperatur ........................................................................... 149C.1 .................................................................................................................................. 149C.2 .................................................................................................................................. 149Lampiran D (Informatif) Stabilitas Lateral Balok ................................................................. 150D.1 .................................................................................................................................. 150D.2 .................................................................................................................................. 150D.3 .................................................................................................................................. 150D.4 .................................................................................................................................. 150D.5 .................................................................................................................................. 151Lampiran E (Informatif) Tegangan Lokal pada Kelompok Pengencang ............................. 152E.1 Umum ......................................................................................................................... 152E.2 Kapasitas Tarik Penampang Neto .............................................................................. 152E.3 Kapasitas Sobek Baris ............................................................................................... 152E.4 Kapasitas Sobek Kelompok ........................................................................................ 153E.5 Efek Penempatan Pengencang .................................................................................. 153E.6 Solusi Contoh Baut Berseling ..................................................................................... 154E.7 Solusi Contoh Baris Baut ............................................................................................ 155Lampiran F Desain terhadap Aplikasi Defleksi Kritis dan Rangkak .................................... 159F.1 Rangkak ........................................................................................................................ 159Lampiran G (informatif) Panjang Kolom Efektif ................................................................... 161G.1 .................................................................................................................................. 161G.2 .................................................................................................................................. 161G.3 .................................................................................................................................. 161G.4 .................................................................................................................................. 161Lampiran H (Informatif) Stabilitas Lateral Kolom ................................................................ 163H.1 .................................................................................................................................. 163H-2 .................................................................................................................................. 163H-3 .................................................................................................................................. 163H-4 .................................................................................................................................. 163H.5 .................................................................................................................................. 163H.6 .................................................................................................................................. 164Lampiran I (Informatif) Persamaan-persamaan Batas Leleh untuk Sambungan ................ 165I.1 Ragam-ragam Leleh .................................................................................................... 165I.2 Kekuatan Tumpu Pasak untuk Komponen struktur Baja ............................................. 165

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I.3 Kekuatan Tumpu Pasak untuk Komponen Struktur Kayu ............................................ 165I.4 Kekuatan Leleh Lentur Pengencang, Fyb ...................................................................... 165I.5 Pengencang Berulir ...................................................................................................... 167Lampiran J (Informatif) Solusi Rumus Hankinson ............................................................... 169J.1 .................................................................................................................................. 169J.2 .................................................................................................................................. 169J.3 .................................................................................................................................. 169J.4 .................................................................................................................................. 169J.5 .................................................................................................................................. 169Lampiran L (Informatif) Dimensi tipikal untuk Pengencang Tipe Pasak1 ............................. 173Lampiran M (Informatif) Toleransi pembuatan untuk Paku Keling dan Pelat Samping Baja untuk Sambungan Paku Keling Kayu .................................................................................. 179Lampiran N (Wajib) Desain Faktor Beban dan Ketahanan (DFBK) ..................................... 180N.1 Umum ............................................................................................................................ 180N.1.1 Aplikasi ....................................................................................................................... 180N.1.2 Beban dan Kombinasi Beban ..................................................................................... 180N.2 Nilai Desain ................................................................................................................... 180N.2.1 Nilai Desain ................................................................................................................ 180N.2.2 Nilai Desain Komponen struktur ................................................................................. 180N.2.3 Nilai Desain Sambungan ............................................................................................ 180N.3 Koreksi Terhadap Nilai Desain Acuan .......................................................................... 181N.3.1 Faktor Konversi Format, Kr (Hanya DFBK) ................................................................ 181N.3.2 Faktor Ketahanan, (Hanya DFBK) .......................................................................... 181Referensi ............................................................................................................................ .181C1 Persyaratan Umum untuk Desain Struktural ................................................................ 186C1.1 Lingkup ........................................................................................................................ 186C1.1.1 Praktik yang Didefinisikan ........................................................................................ 186C1.1.2 Supervisi Kompeten ............................................................................................... 186C1.2 Persyaratan Umum ................................................................................................... 186C1.2.1 Kesesuaian dengan Standar .................................................................................. 186C1.2.2 Perangkaian dan Penopangan ............................................................................... 186C.1.3 Standar Sebagai Satu Kesatuan .............................................................................. 187C.1.4 Prosedur Desain ...................................................................................................... 187C1.4.1 Asumsi Pembebanan ............................................................................................. 187C1.4.2 Ditentukan oleh Peraturan ..................................................................................... 187C1.4.3 Beban-beban Yang Dimasukkan ........................................................................... 187C1.5 Spesifikasi dan Gambar ............................................................................................ 187C1.6 Notasi ........................................................................................................................ 188

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C2 Nilai Desain untuk Komponen Struktur ....................................................................... 188C2.1 Umum ......................................................................................................................... 189C2.1.2 Tanggung Jawab Desainer untuk Mengoreksi sesuai Kondisi Penggunaan .......... 189C2.2 Nilai Desain Acuan ................................................................................................... 189C2.3 Koreksi pada Nilai Desain Acuan ............................................................................. 189C2.3.1 Keberlakuan Faktor Koreksi .................................................................................... 189C2.3.2 Faktor Durasi Beban, CD (DTI saja) ........................................................................ 189C2.3.3 Faktor Temperatur, Ct ........................................................................................... 191C2.3.4 Perlakuan Tahan Api ............................................................................................. 192C2.3.5 Faktor Konversi Format, KF (hanya DFBK) ........................................................... 192C2.3.6 Faktor ketahanan, (hanya DFBK) ......................................................................... 192C2.3.7 Faktor Efek Waktu, (hanya DFBK) ....................................................................... 193C3 Persamaan dan Ketentuan Desain ............................................................................. 193C3.1 Umum ....................................................................................................................... 193C3.1.1 Lingkup .................................................................................................................... 193C3.1.2 Luas Penampang Neto ............................................................................................ 194C3.1.3 Sambungan ........................................................................................................... 194C3.1.4 Deformasi yang Bergantung pada Waktu ............................................................. 194C3.1.5 Struktur Komposit .................................................................................................. 194C3.2 Komponen Struktur Lentur Umum ......................................................................... 195C3.2.1 Bentang Komponen Struktur Lentur ...................................................................... 195C3.2.2 Distribusi Lateral Beban Terpusat ........................................................................... 195C3.3 Komponen Struktur Lentur Lentur ......................................................................... 195C3.3.3 Faktor Stabilitas Balok, CL ....................................................................................... 195C3.4 Komponen Struktur Lentur Geser ......................................................................... 196C3.4.1 Kekuatan Sejajar Serat (Geser Horizontal) ........................................................... 197C3.4.2 Persamaan Desain Geser ..................................................................................... 197C3.4.3 Desain Geser ........................................................................................................ 197C3.5 Komponen Struktur Lentur Defleksi ...................................................................... 198C3.5.1 Perhitungan Defleksi .............................................................................................. 198C3.5.2 Pembebanan Jangka Panjang .............................................................................. 199C3.6 Komponen struktur Tekan Umum ........................................................................... 199C3.6.2 Klasifikasi Kolom ................................................................................................... 199C3.6.3 Kekuatan Tekan Sejajar Serat .............................................................................. 200C3.6.4 Tumpu Komponen struktur Tekan Ujung ke Ujung ............................................... 200C3.6.5 Pembebanan Eksentrisitas atau Tegangan Gabungan ......................................... 200C3.6.6 Pengaku Kolom ....................................................................................................... 200

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C3.6.7 Tumpuan Lateral Pelengkung, Penopang, dan Batang Tekan di Rangka Batang ... 201C3.7 Kolom Masif ................................................................................................................ 201C3.7.1 Faktor Stabilitas Kolom, CP ...................................................................................... 201C3.7.2 Kolom Tirus ............................................................................................................ 202C3.7.3 Kolom Bundar .......................................................................................................... 203C3.8 Komponen struktur Tarik ............................................................................................. 203C3.8.2 Tarik Tegak Lurus Serat ........................................................................................... 203C3.9 Gabungan Pembebanan Aksial dan Lentur .............................................................. 204C3.9.1 Lentur dan Tarik Aksial ............................................................................................ 204C3.9.2 Lentur dan Tekan Aksial .......................................................................................... 204C3.10 Desain untuk Tumpu ................................................................................................. 204C3.10.1 Tumpu Sejajar Serat .............................................................................................. 204C3.10.2 Tumpu Tegak lurus serat ....................................................................................... 205C3.10.3 Tumpu Bersudut Terhadap Serat ........................................................................... 205C3.10.4 Faktor Luas Tumpu, Cb .......................................................................................... 205C4 Kayu Gergajian ............................................................................................................ 206C4.1 Umum .......................................................................................................................... 206C4.1.1 Penggunaan ............................................................................................................. 206C4.1.2 Identifikasi Kayu ....................................................................................................... 206C4.1.3 Definisi ..................................................................................................................... 206C4.1.4 Kondisi Layan Basah Kayu .................................................................................... 207C4.1.5 Ukuran Kayu .......................................................................................................... 207C4.1.6 Kayu yang Disambung di Ujung atau Dilem di Tepi ................................................. 208C4.1.7 Kayu yang Digergaji Ulang dan Dimanufaktor Ulang ............................................... 208C4.2 Nilai Desain Acuan ...................................................................................................... 208C4.2.1 Nilai Desain Acuan ................................................................................................... 208C4.2.2 Mutu dan Spesies Lain ............................................................................................. 208C4.2.3 Basis untuk Nilai Desain Acuan ............................................................................... 209C4.2.3.2 Kayu yang Dipilah Secara Visual .......................................................................... 209C4.2.3.3 Kayu yang Dinilai Tegangan dengan Mesin (DTM) dan Kayu yang Dievaluasi dengan Mesin (KDM) ........................................................................................................... 209C4.2.4 Modulus elastisitas, E .............................................................................................. 210C4.2.5 Lentur, Fb ................................................................................................................. 210C4.2.6 Tekan Tegak Lurus Serat, Fc .................................................................................. 210C4.3 Koreksi Nilai Desain Acuan ......................................................................................... 212C4.3.1 Umum ....................................................................................................................... 212C4.3.2 Faktor Durasi Beban, CD (hanya DTI) ...................................................................... 212

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C4.3.3 Faktor Layan Basah, CM .......................................................................................... 212C4.3.4 Faktor Temperatur, Ct ............................................................................................. 212C4.3.5 Faktor Stabilitas Balok, CL ....................................................................................... 212C4.3.6 Faktor Ukuran, CF .................................................................................................... 212C4.3.7 Faktor Penggunaan Rebah, Cfu ............................................................................... 213C4.3.8 Faktor Tusukan, Ci .................................................................................................. 213C4.3.9 Faktor Komponen Struktur Berulang, Cr ................................................................. 213C4.3.10 Faktor Stabilitas Kolom, CP ................................................................................... 214C4.3.11 Faktor Kekakuan Tekuk, CT .................................................................................. 214C4.3.12 Faktor Luas Tumpu, Cb ......................................................................................... 214C4.3.13 Perlakuan Pengawetan Bertekanan ...................................................................... 215C4.3.14 Faktor Konversi Format, KF (hanya DFBK) ........................................................... 215C4.3.15 Faktor ketahanan, (hanya DFBK) ....................................................................... 215C4.4 Tinjauan Desain Khusus ............................................................................................ 215C4.4.2 Rangka Batang Kayu ............................................................................................ 216C4.4.3 Takikan .................................................................................................................. 216C5 Kayu Glulam Struktural ............................................................................................... 218C5.1 Umum ......................................................................................................................... 218C5.1.1 Ruang Lingkup ........................................................................................................ 219C5.1.2 Definisi ..................................................................................................................... 219C5.1.3 Ukuran Standar ....................................................................................................... 220C5.1.4 Spesifikasi ............................................................................................................... 220C5.1.5 Kondisi Layan ........................................................................................................ 221C5.2. Nilai Desain Acuan .................................................................................................... 221C5.2.1 Nilai Desain Acuan .................................................................................................. 221C5.2.2 Tarik Radial,Frt ......................................................................................................... 221C5.2.3 Jenis Kayu dan Kelas Kuat Kayu lainnya ................................................................ 222C5.3 Koreksi dari Nilai Desain Acuan ................................................................................. 222C5.3.1 Umum ...................................................................................................................... 222C5.3.2 Faktor Durasi Beban, CD ( hanya DTI ) ................................................................... 222C5.3.3 Faktor Masa Layan Basah, CM ................................................................................ 222C5.3.4 Faktor Suhu, Ct ........................................................................................................ 222C5.3.5 Faktor Stabilitas Balok, CL ....................................................................................... 222C5.3.6 Faktor Volume, Cv ................................................................................................... 223C5.3.7 Faktor Penggunaan Rebah, Cfu ............................................................................... 223C5.3.8 Faktor Kelengkungan, Cc ........................................................................................ 223C5.3.9 Faktor Stabilitas Kolom, CP ..................................................................................... 224

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C5.3.10 Faktor Luas Tumpuan, Cb ...................................................................................... 224C5.3.11 Pengawetan Dengan Vakum Tekan ...................................................................... 224C5.3.12 Faktor Terkoreksi Format, KF (hanya DFBK) ......................................................... 224C5.3.13 Faktor Ketahanan, (hanya DFBK) ...................................................................... 224C5.3.14 Faktor Pengaruh Waktu, (hanya DFBK) .............................................................. 224C5.4 Pertimbangan Desain Khusus ..................................................................................... 224C5.4.1 Tegangan Radial ...................................................................................................... 224C5.4.2 Stabilitas Lateral untuk Kayu glulam Struktural ........................................................ 225C5.4.3 Defleksi .................................................................................................................... 225C5.4.4 Takikan ..................................................................................................................... 225C6 Tiang dan Pancang Kayu Bundar ................................................................................ 225C6.1 Umum .......................................................................................................................... 226C6.1.1 Lingkup..................................................................................................................... 227C6.1.2 Spesifikasi ................................................................................................................ 227C6.1.3 Ukuran Standar ...................................................................................................... 228C6.1.4 Pengawetan ............................................................................................................. 228C6.2 Nilai Desain Acuan ...................................................................................................... 229C6.2.1 Nilai Desain Acuan ................................................................................................... 229C6.2.2 Jenis Kayu dan Kelas Kuat Lainnya ......................................................................... 230C6.3 Koreksi dari Nilai Desain Acuan .................................................................................. 230C6.3.1 Aplikasi Faktor koreksi ............................................................................................. 230C6.3.2 Faktor Durasi Beban, CD (hanya DTI) ...................................................................... 230C6.3.4 Faktor Suhu, Ct ........................................................................................................ 230C6.3.5 Faktor Tanpa Perlakuan, Cu ..................................................................................... 230C6.3.6 Faktor Stabilitas Balok, CL ....................................................................................... 231C6.3.7 Faktor Ukuran , CF ................................................................................................... 231C6.3.8 Faktor Stabilitas Kolom ............................................................................................ 231C6.3.9 Faktor Penampang Kritis, Ccs ................................................................................... 231C6.3.10 Faktor Luas Tumpuan, Cb ...................................................................................... 231C6.3.11 Faktor Pancang Tunggal, Csp ................................................................................. 231C6.3.12 Faktor Konversi Format, Kf (hanya DFBK) ............................................................. 232C6.3.13 Faktor Ketahanan , ( hanya DFBK) .................................................................... 232C6.3.14 Faktor Pengaruh Waktu , (hanya DFBK ) ............................................................ 232C7 I-joist Kayu Prapabrikasi .............................................................................................. 233C7.1 Umum .......................................................................................................................... 233C7.1.1 Penggunaan ............................................................................................................. 233C7.1.2 Definisi ..................................................................................................................... 233

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SNI 7973:2013

BSN 2013 xviii

C7.1.3 Identifikasi ............................................................................................................... 233C7.1.4 Kondisi Layan .......................................................................................................... 233C7.2 Nilai Desain Acuan ..................................................................................................... 233C7.3 Koreksi Nilai Desain Acuan ........................................................................................ 234C7.3.1 Umum ...................................................................................................................... 234C7.3.2 Faktor Durasi Beban, CD (hanya DTI) ..................................................................... 234C7.3.3 Faktor Layan Basah, CM .......................................................................................... 234C7.3.4 Faktor Temperatur, Ct ............................................................................................. 234C7.3.5 Faktor stabilitas balok, CL ........................................................................................ 234C7.3.6. Faktor komponen struktur berulang, Cr .................................................................. 234C7.3.7 Perlakuan pengawetan dengan vakum tekan ......................................................... 235C7.3.8 Faktor Konversi Format, KF (hanya DFBK) ............................................................. 235C7.3.9 Faktor Kekuatan, (hanya DFBK) ......................................................................... 235C7.3.10 Faktor Efek waktu, (hanya untuk DFBK) ............................................................ 235C7.4 Ketentuan Desain Khusus .......................................................................................... 235C7.4.1 Tumpu ..................................................................................................................... 235C7.4.2 Aplikasi Beban ......................................................................................................... 235C7.4.3 Lubang pada Badan ................................................................................................ 236C7.4.4 Takikan .................................................................................................................... 236C7.4.5 defleksi .................................................................................................................... 236C7.4.6 Transfer Beban Vertikal ........................................................................................... 236C7.4.7 Geser ....................................................................................................................... 236C8 Kayu Komposit Struktural ............................................................................................ 236C8.1 Umum ......................................................................................................................... 236C8.1.1 Ruang Lingkup ........................................................................................................ 237C8.1.2 Definisi ..................................................................................................................... 237C8.1.3 Identifikasi ............................................................................................................... 237C8.1.4 Kondisi Layan .......................................................................................................... 237C8.2 Nilai Desain Acuan ..................................................................................................... 237C8.3 Koreksi dari Nilai Desain Acuan ................................................................................. 237C8.3.1 Umum ...................................................................................................................... 237C8.3.2 Faktor Durasi Beban, CD (hanya DTI) .........