skripsi -...
TRANSCRIPT
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ANALISIS HUBUNGAN TIPE KOPING KOGNITIF DENGAN
TINGKAT STRESS PADA PERAWAT DI UNIT GAWAT
DARURAT
SKRIPSI
Oleh :
FARAHUL JANNAH
201110420311008
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
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ANALISIS HUBUNGAN TIPE KOPING KOGNITIF DENGAN
TINGKAT STRESS PADA PERAWAT DI UNIT GAWAT
DARURAT
SKRIPSI
Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Mencapai Derajat Sarjana Keperawatan (S.Kep) pada
Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Oleh :
FARAHUL JANNAH
201110420311008
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2014/2015
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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah SWT, berkat rahmat dan bimbingan-Nya saya
dapat menyelesaikan proposal skripsi dengan judul “Analisis Hubungan Tipe Koping
Kognitif dengan Tingkat Stress Pada Perawat Di Unit Gawat Darurat”. Skripsi ini
disusun sebagai salah satu syarat guna memperoleh gelar sarjana keperawatan (S.Kep)
pada Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Penulis menyadari bahwa tugas akhir ini dapat terselesaikan berkat bantuan,
arahan dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak. Untuk itu tidak lupa penulis
menyampaikan terima kasih yang setulus-tulusnya kepada yang terhormat:
1. Yoyok Bekti Prasetyo, M.Kep., Sp.Kom, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu
Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dan sekaligus selaku Dosen
Pembimbing I yang telah memberikan bimbingan, arahan, dan motivasi
dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.
2. Nurul Aini, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kep., selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu
Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
3. Edi Purwanto, S.Kep., Ns., M.Ng., selaku Dosen Pembimbing II yang telah
memberikan bimbingan, arahan, dan motivasi dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.
4. Kedua orang tua dan keluarga yang selalu mendoakan dan memberikan
dukungan moril dan materil bagi terselesaikanya proposal ini.
5. Teman-teman PSIK 2011 dan semua pihak yang telah membantu
penyelesaian proposal skripsi ini.
Penulis hanya mampu berdoa semoga amal kebaikannya mendapat imbalan
dan diterima sebagai ibadah oleh Allah SWT. Penulis menyadari masih banyak
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kekurangan yang disebabkan oleh keterbatasan kemampuan dan pengetahuan yang
penulis miliki, oleh karena itu kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun sangat
penulis harapkan. Semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi penulis dan para
pembaca.
Malang, Mei 2015
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Halaman Judul .................................................................................................................. i Lembar Persetujuan ........................................................................................................ ii Surat Pernyataan Keaslian Tulisan ............................................................................... iii Kata Pengantar ............................................................................................................... iv Intisari .............................................................................................................................. vi Abstract ...........................................................................................................................vii Daftar Isi ....................................................................................................................... viii Daftar Tabel .................................................................................................................... xi Daftar Gambar .............................................................................................................. xii Daftar Lampiran ...........................................................................................................xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................... 4 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian..................................................................................... 5
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ............................................................................... 5 1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus .............................................................................. 5
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian................................................................................... 5 1.4.1 Bagi Peneliti ................................................................................... 5 1.4.2 Bagi Pendidikan ............................................................................ 5 1.4.3 Bagi Perawat .................................................................................. 6 1.4.4 Bagi Peneliti Selanjutnya .............................................................. 6
1.5 Keaslian Penelitian .................................................................................. 6
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Konsep Tipe Koping Kognitif .............................................................. 9
2.1.1 Strategi Koping ............................................................................. 9 2.1.2 Tipe Koping Kognitif ............................................................... 10
2.1.2.1 Self-Blame ..................................................................... 11 2.1.2.2 Acceptance .................................................................... 12 2.1.2.3 Rumination ................................................................... 13 2.1.2.4 Positive Refocusing ..................................................... 14 2.1.2.5 Planning......................................................................... 14 2.1.2.6 Positive Reappraisal ..................................................... 15
a. Pengertian Positive Reappraisal ............................ 15 b. Respon Tubuh Terhadap Pikiran ......................... 15 c. Positive Reappraisal sebagai Strategi Koping ..... 16
2.1.2.7 Putting Into Perspective ............................................. 18 2.1.2.8 Catastrophizing ............................................................ 18 2.1.2.9 Other-Blame ................................................................. 19
2.2 Konsep Stress pada Perawat ............................................................... 20 2.2.1 Pengertian Stress ........................................................................ 20 2.2.2 Stress Kerja ................................................................................. 20 2.2.3 Stress Kerja pada Perawat ........................................................ 22
2.3 Hubungan antara Stress dan Strategi Koping .................................. 24
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2.3.1 Faktor Pemicu Stress ................................................................ 25 2.3.2 Appraisal ..................................................................................... 26 2.3.3 Koping ........................................................................................ 28
BAB III KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS 3.1 Kerangka Konsep ................................................................................ 30 3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ............................................................................. 31
BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN 4.1 Desain Penelitian .................................................................................. 32 4.2 Kerangka Kerja ..................................................................................... 32 4.3 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ......................................................... 34
4.3.1 Populasi ....................................................................................... 34 4.3.2 Sampel ......................................................................................... 34 4.3.3 Teknik Sampling ........................................................................ 34
4.4 Variabel Penelitian ............................................................................... 35 4.4.1 Variabel Independent................................................................ 35 4.4.2 Variabel Dependent .................................................................. 35
4.5 Definisi Operasional ............................................................................ 35 4.6 Tempat Penelitian ................................................................................ 38 4.7 Waktu Penelitian .................................................................................. 38 4.8 Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................................ 38 4.9 Prosedur Pengumpulan Data ............................................................. 40 4.10 Analisis dan Pengolahan Data ............................................................ 41
4.10.1 Analisis Univariat .................................................................... 41 4.10.2 Analisis Bivariat ....................................................................... 41
4.11 Etika Penelitian ..................................................................................... 42
BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA 5.1 Identifikasi Karakteristik Sampel ....................................................... 43 5.2 Identifikasi Tipe Koping Kognitif yang Digunakan Oleh Perawat
Unit Gawat Darurat ............................................................................. 44 5.3 Identifikasi Tingkat Stress Pada Perawat Unit Gawat Darurat ..... 45 5.4 Analisa Normalitas Data ..................................................................... 46 5.5 Analisis Hubungan Tipe Koping Kognitif dengan Tingkat Stress
Pada Perawat Unit Gawat Darurat .................................................... 46
BAB VI PEMBAHASAN 6.1 Karakteristik Responden
6.1.1 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin .......... 47 6.1.2 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Usia .......................... 48 6.1.3 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Lama Bekerja Di
Unit Gawat Darurat .................................................................. 48 6.2 Tipe Koping Kognitif yang Digunakan Oleh Perawat Unit Gawat
Darurat ................................................................................................... 49 6.3 Tingkat Stress Pada Perawat Unit Gawat Darurat .......................... 50 6.4 Hubungan Tipe Koping Kognitif dengan Tingkat Stress Pada
Perawat Unit Gawat Darurat .............................................................. 51 6.5 Implikasi Keperawatan ........................................................................ 52 6.6 Keterbatasan Penelitian ....................................................................... 53
viii
BAB VII KESIMPULAN 7.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................... 55 7.2 Saran ....................................................................................................... 55
7.2.1 Bagi Keperawatan ...................................................................... 55 7.2.2 Bagi Peneliti Selanjutnya ........................................................... 56
Daftar Pustaka .............................................................................................................. 57 Lampiran ........................................................................................................................ 63
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DAFTAR TABEL
Halaman Tabel 4.1 Definisi Operasional ................................................................................... 36 Tabel 4.2 Sistem Penilaian Kuesioner The Workplace Stress Scale ............................ 39 Tabel 4.3 Interpretasi Kuesioner The Workplace Stress Scale .................................... 39 Tabel 4.4 Interpretasi Hasil Uji Korelasi Pearson ................................................... 40 Tabel 5.1 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Karaktersitik Responden Pada
Perawat Unit Gawat di Rumah Sakit Wava Husada, Rumah Sakit Islam Malang UNISMA dan Rumah Sakit Tk II dr. Seopraoen Malang Pada Tanggal 9 Maret – 1 April 2015 (N=45) ........................ 43
Tabel 5.2 Tipe Koping Kognitif yang Digunakan Oleh Perawat Unit Gawat Darurat di Rumah Sakit Wava Husada, Rumah Sakit Islam Malang UNISMA dan Rumah Sakit Tk II dr. Seopraoen Malang Pada Tanggal 9 Maret – 1 April 2015 (N=45) ................................................ 45
Tabel 5.3 Tingkat Stress Perawat Unit Gawat Darurat di Rumah Sakit Wava Husada, Rumah Sakit Islam Malang UNISMA dan Rumah Sakit Tk II dr. Seopraoen Malang Tahun 2015............................................... 45
Tabel 5.4 Analisa Normalitas Data ............................................................................ 46 Tabel 5.5 Hasil Uji Korelasi Pearson ......................................................................... 46
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman Gambar 3.1 Kerangka Konsep ................................................................................... 30 Gambar 4.1 Hubungan antara Tipe Koping Kognitif dengan Tingkat Stress .... 32 Gambar 4.2 Kerangka Kerja ....................................................................................... 33
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Permohonan Menjadi Responden Lampiran 2 Informed Consent Lampiran 3 Kuesioner The Workplace Stress Scale Lampiran 4 Kuesioner The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Lampiran 5 Tabulasi Data Variabel Tipe Koping Kognitif Lampiran 6 Tabulasi Data Variabel Tingkat Stress Lampiran 7 Hasil Uji Normalitas Data Lampiran 8 Hasil Uji Korelasi Pearson Lampiran 9 Surat Telah Menyelesaikan Penelitian di Rumah Sakit Wava Husada Lampiran 10 Surat Telah Menyelesaikan Penelitian di Rumah Sakit Islam Malang
UNISMA Lampiran 11 Surat Telah Menyelesaikan Penelitian di Rumah Sakit Tk.II
dr.Seopraoen Lampiran 12 Dokumentasi Penelitian Lampiran 13 Lembar Konsultasi Bimbingan Skripsi
xii
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