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SARAF I

OLEH :

RATNA. P, M.Biomed.

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PENDAHULUAN

Susunan Saraf Pusa !SSP" manusia

men#andun# se$iar %&& mi'iar neuron

!(anon#" dan ada)u'a *u$u +#

men+aa$an sam)ai seri'+un !si'er-orn"

u#a erda)a se'/se' #'ia se*an+a$ %&/0&

$a'i 1um'a- erse*u.

Neuron2se' saraf meru)a$an uni

dasar2uni fun#siona' sisem saraf.

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MORFOLO(I SEL/SEL SARAF

Se1um'a- *esar neuron memi'i$i a$son +#*ermie'in !suau $om)'e$s 'i)id )roein +#mem*un#$us se$e'i'in# a$son"

Di'uar SSP 'a)isan mie'in ini ada'a- *a#ian darise'/se' S3-6ann, +aiu se'/se' +# men+eru)aise'/se' #'ia +# erda)a di se)an1an# a$son

Sarun# mie'in mem*un#$us a$son $e3ua'i )ada

u1un#n+a dan )ada nodus Ranvier, +aiu)en+em)ian/)en+em)ian *erdiameer %7m, +#*er1ara$ % mm.

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MORFOLO(I SEL/SEL SARAF

Tida$ semua neuron mama'ia *ermie'in,*e*era)a neuron ida$ *ermie'in, arin+a-an+a di$e'i'in#i se' s3-6ann an)a

di*un#$us mem*ran se' s3-6ann +#mem*enu$ mie'in.

Pada SSP mama'ia, se*a#ian *esar

neuron *ermie'in, ea)i se' +# mem*enu$mie'in ada'a- o'i#odendro#'iosi, *u$an se's3-6ann.

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MORFOLO(I SEL/SEL SARAF

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OR(ANISASI SISTEM SARAF

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5ONTROL REFLE5S

STIMULUS

RESEPTOR

ALUR AFEREN

PUSAT INTE(RASI

ALUR EEFEREN

EFE5TOR

RESPON

UMPAN BALI5 5EMBALI5E STIMULUS

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5LASIFI5ASI SARAF BERDASAR

STRU5TUR

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5LASIFI5ASI SARAF

Berdasar sru$ur :

Pseudouni)o'ar

Bi)o'ar

Mu'i)o'ar

Ana8oni3

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5LASIFI5ASI SARAF

Berdasar fun#si :

Aferen !sensori": mem*a6a informasi

enan# em)eraur, e$anan, ra*a, 3a-a+a

ds* $e SSP

Inerneuron: neuron +# *erada di SSP.

Eferen ! Somaomoor dan oonom"

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METABOLISME 9 SINTESIS DLM

SEBUAH NEURON

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METABOLISME 9 SINTESIS DLM

SEBUAH NEURON

Badan se'2 soma, memi'i$i nu$'eus dan semua

or#ane' +# di*uu-$an da'am a$iias se'u'er

!-asi'$an ener#i 9 sinesis".

A$son -an+a men#-anar$an sin+a' $imia dan'isri$, )roein +# di*uu-$an -arus disinesis d'm

rei$u'um endo)'asma $asar di *adan se'2 soma

Me$anisme )en#e)a$an $eda'am esi$e' dan

)er#era$an se)an1an# a$son dise*u d#n

transport aksonal.

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FUN(SI SEL (LIA

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FUN(SI SEL (LIA

Mes$i ida$ *er)arisi)asi 'an#sun#ransmisi sin+a' 'isri$ namun se' #'iasan#a )enin#

Se' #'ia men1a#a sa*i'ias sru$ura' *a#ineuron den#an mem*un#$usn+a

Glial-derived growth and trophic factors

!((F 9(TF", mem*anu dan memanduneuron se'ama )er$em*an#an dan)er*ai$an se'.

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FUN(SI SEL (LIA

Asrosi : *enu$n+a s) *inan# !san#a*er3a*an#" *erfun#si men#-u*un#$an anaraneuron dan )em*u'u- dara-, s-#men#-anar$an nurisi, da)a )u'a men#am*i'5 dan neuroranmier dari 3airan e$srase'men1a#a -omeosasis 3airan e$srase'dise$e'i'in# neuron.

Mi$ro#'ia : se'/se' imun $-usus, +an# menea))ada SSP. 5ei$a dia$if$an da)amen+in#$ir$an se'/se' +an# rusa$ dan inasiasin#.

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FUN(SI SEL (LIA

Se' E)endima' : se'/se' e)ie' +# mem*ua *arier

se'e$if )ermea*e' anar $om)aremen da'am

oa$

Se' S3-6ann )ada sisem saraf )erifer danO'i#odendrosi di SSP, me'indun#i d#n mie'in

!*er'a)is/'a)is mem*ran fosfo'i)id.

Se' Se'i ! se' s3-6ann d$ *ermie'in", mem*ua

$a)su' )en+an##a dise$e'i'in# *adan se' saraf di

#an#'ia !$um)u'an *adan se' saraf di'uar SSP"

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Sin+a' 'isri$

Poensia' mem*ran

(radien $onsenrasi se';Na:,

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5onsenrasi ion

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Pen#-anaran se' $e se' : Sina)s

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Me$anisme Sina)s

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Neuro$rin

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Neuro$rin

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ANATOMI SISTEM SARAF PUSAT

P 'i d * i O $

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Ram*u, $u'i, $ranium

Dara- sinus ena

Menin#ens

Dura maerMem*ran Ara3-noid

Pia maer

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um'a- +# san#a *an+a$ : 3a)i'er 9 sinusTau era :)ermea*i'ias er*aas5a$i asrosi men#-asi'$an )ara$rinPer'indun#an oa$: -ormon 9 $imia d'm sir$u'asi

Se1um'a- *esar #'u$osa rans)orer

Barrier Dara- Oa$

Figure 9-&: The bloo%-brain barrier

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Oa$

Seri'+un inerneuron men#isi oa$

Masin#/masin# memi'i$i 'e*i- dari =&&.&&&

sina)s

Diisi Oa$

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Anaomi oa$

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Oa$ en#a-, Pons dan Medu'a

Ban+a$ sarfa $rania' +# masu$

Piramid ? 1a'ur saraf *ersi'an#an

Oa$ en#a- ? $onro' )er#erera$an maa

Pons ? )ernafasan , )en+e*ar sin+a'

Medu''a ? fun#si ino'uner

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Oa$ en#a-, Pons dan Medu'a

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Saraf 5rania'

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Diensefa'on

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Dien3e)-a'on

Pusa $onro' -omeosasis

T-a'amus ? re'a+ 9 ine#rasi sensor+

H+)o-a'amusLa)ar, sress

Haus: osmo'arias u*u-

Flight/fight pathways

Mara- 9 a$uIrama Sir3adian

5ordinasi d#n endo$rine

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Piuiari 9 $e'en1ar )inea'

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Piuiari 9 $e'en1ar )inea'

Piuiar+ ro)-i3 9 o-er -ormones

Pinea'Me'aonin

S'ee) 3oordinaion

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Sere*rum

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Sere*rum: -emisfer $iri dan $anan

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Sere*rum:

Nu$'eus *asa' /$onro' )er#era$an

Sisem Lim*i$Cingulated gyrus

*er)eran da'am emosi.

Hippocampus

*e'a1ar 9 memori

Amygdala emosi 9 memori

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5ore$s Sere*ra' :

La)isan *a#ian 'uar !e*a' %mm "

Perse)si: )enden#aran, )en#'i-aan,

)en#-idu, oo 9 is3era'2or#an da'ameasoning, ine#rasi informasi

!irecting voluntary behavior

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5ore$s sere*rum

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Frona': )er#era$an o'uner, $e*iasaan, )erse)si

Pariea' ? sensori a$i'

O$si)ia' ? )en#'i-aan

Tem)ora' ? )en#-iidu, )enden#aran 9)en#e3a)an.

Lo*us 5ore$s Sere*ra' dan ine#rasi

asosiasi

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eticular activating system!RAS"Berasa' dari sera*u rei$u'erMen#aur $esadaran

Disri*usi neuromodu'aor

NeuroransmierNoradrene#i$ ? nore)inefrin

Serooner#i$ ? seroonin

Do)aminer#i$ ? do)amin

5o'iner#i$ ? a3e+'3-o'in

5ordinasi fun#si oa$.

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5ordinasi fun#si oa$.

Figure 9-'9: The %i((ue "o%ulator! !te" "o%ulate brain (unction

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Hi)oa'amus :nu$'eus su)ra$iasmai$

Feed*a3$ 'oo): #en/#en )en#eur )roeinHam)ir se'uru- sisem fisio'o#is memi'i$i )o'a

irama erenu.

Tidur : REM 9 idur da'am

5ordinasi irama sir$ardian dan idur.

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5ordinasi irama sir$ardian dan idur.

Figure 9-)*: +lectroence$halogra" ++. an% the lee$ c!cle

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Hi)oa'amus, 'im*i$ 9 ine#rasi $ore$s

Emosi: $esenan#an, doron#an se$s, mara-9 a$u.

Moiasi: doron#an men3a)ai u1uan

Mood

a'ur $om)'e$s emosi dan moiasi

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a'ur $om)'e$s emosi dan moiasi

Figure 9-)': The lin/ bet0een e"otion an% $h!iological (unction

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Be'a1ar? a$uisisi )en#ea-uanAssosiaif

Non/assosiaif

Memori ? reenion 9 re3a''Hi))o$am)us

S-or erm 9 6or$in#

Lon# erm

Ref'e$s: mus3'e memor+

a'ur $om)'e$s *e'a1ar dan memori

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a'ur $om)'e$ *e'a1ar dan memori.

Figure 9-)): Me"or! $roceing

1 'i $ ' $

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Ba-asa ? )eru$aran informasi +# $om)'e$sArea Cerni$s

Area Bro3a

5e)ri*adian5om)onen (enei$

Pen#a'aman

Be'a1arMemori2 in#aan

Perse)si

aras/1aras +# )a'in# $om)'e$s:

*a-asa dan $e)ri*adian

1 'i $ ' $

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aras/1aras +# )a'in# $om)'e$ :

*a-asa 9 $e)ri*adian

Figure 9-)1: Cerebral $roceing o( $o/en an% viual language

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S3-io)-renia

E)i'e)si

De)resi

A'-eimer

5e'ainan Pao'o#i di Oa$

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