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KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN

PUSAT STUDI DAN DAKWAH ISLAM (ISLAMIC CENTER)

DI MAGELANG DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR ISLAM

TUGAS AKHIR

Diajukan sebagai Syarat untuk Mencapai

Gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Universitas Sebelas Maret

Disusun Oleh :

Daniel Wira Prayogo

NIM. I0214030

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET

SURAKARTA

2018

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KATA PENGANTAR

Alhamdulillaah, segala puji bagi Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala karena atas berkat

limpahan rahmat, nikmat dan hidayah-Nya, penulis dapat menyelesaikan Skripsi/Konsep

Perencanaan dan Perancangan Tugas Akhir Arsitektur dengan judul “Pusat Studi dan

Dakwah Islam (Islamic Center) di Magelang, dengan Pendekatan Arsitektur Islam”. Tugas

Akhir ini disusun sebagai salah satu syarat untuk mencapai gelar Sarjana Arsitektur pada

Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.

Dalam menyusun dan merampungkan Tugas Akhir ini, banyak pihak yang telah

memberikan bimbingan, pertolongan, dan dukungan kepada penulis. Maka pada kesempatan

ini penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada:

1. Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala atas limpahan rahmat, nikmat dan hidayah-Nya.

2. Bapak (Supriyono), Ibu (Sri Sunarmi) sebagai orang tua yang selalu memberikan

inspirasi dan semangat kepada penulis untuk menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini.

3. Bapak Amin Sumadyo, S.T., M.T. selaku Kepala Program Studi Arsitektur UNS.

4. Bapak Ir. Suparno, M.T. selaku dosen pembimbing akademik.

5. Bapak Dr. Kahar Sunoko selaku dosen pembimbing 1 Tugas Akhir yang selalu

memberikan bimbingan, ilmu dan saran yang membangun agar Tugas Akhir ini

dapat terselesaikan dengan baik.

6. Bapak Tri Joko Daryanto S.T., M.T. selaku dosen pembimbing 2 Tugas Akhir yang

selalu memberikan bimbingan ilmu dan saran yang membangun agar Tugas Akhir

ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik.

7. Bapak Ir. Agus Heru Purnomo, M.T. selaku dosen penguji 1 Tugas Akhir yang

memberikan kritik, masukan dan saran yang membangun agar Tugas Akhir ini dapat

disempurnakan dengan baik.

8. Bapak Ir. Sumaryoto, M.T. selaku dosen penguji 2 Tugas Akhir yang memberikan

kritik, masukan dan saran yang membangun agar Tugas Akhir ini dapat

disempurnakan dengan baik.

9. Bapak Dr. Ir. Mohammad Muqoffa, M.T. dan Ibu Ofita Purwani S.T., M.T., Ph.D.

selaku koordinator mata kuliah Konsep Perencanaan dan Perancangan Tugas Akhir

Arsitektur periode 152.

10. Bapak Dr. Yosafat Winarto, S.T. M.T. dan Ibu Ir. Ana Hardiana, M.T. selaku

koordinator mata kuliah Studio Tugas Akhir Arsitektur periode 152.

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11. Bapak dan Ibu dosen program studi Arsitektur UNS atas ilmu dan bibimbingannya.

12. Bapak dan Ibu staff tata usaha program studi Arsitektur UNS.

13. Teman-teman mahasiswa Arsitektur UNS angkatan 2014 yang selalu membersamai

kuliah di kampus.

14. Teman-teman Arsitek Peradaban (Adnan Zuhdi Nur Rahman, Berlintan Isadian, Zeta

Khwarizmi Sulthan, Windra Dwi Saputra, Erpan Nur Saputro, Wahyu Setiaji, M.

Waskito Prabowo, Iqbal Maulana Fauzi, Muhammad Habibullah, David Ardian,

Reza Fahmi Irawan) yang telah memberikan warna dalam keseharian penulis.

15. Teman-teman Kos Collega (Iqbal Maulana Taufik, Agung Tinulat, Akmal, Obhe,

Angga) yang telah membersamai penulis dalam keseharian di kos.

16. Seluruh pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu per satu.

Penulis menyadari, bahwa sebagai mahasiswa, masih banyak terdapat kekurangan

yang ada dalam Tugas Akhir ini. Penulis sangat berharap atas kritik dan saran dari pembaca

agar Tugas Akhir ini dapat tersusun lebih baik lagi. Sekian dari penulis, semoga Tugas Akhir

ini dapat bermanfaat baik bagi diri pribadi penulis sendiri ataupun pembaca.

Surakarta, Desember 2018

Daniel Wira Prayogo

(NIM. I0214030)

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DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................................ v

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR TABEL....................................................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR GRAFIK .................................................................................................................... xiv

BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................................ 1

A. Pengertian Judul ................................................................................................................ 1

1. Pusat Studi dan Dakwah Islam (PUSDAI) ...................................................................... 1

2. Magelang....................................................................................................................... 1

3. Arsitektur Islam ............................................................................................................. 1

4. Pusat Studi dan Dakwah Islam di Magelang dengan pendekatan Arsitektur Islam........... 2

B. Latar Belakang .................................................................................................................. 2

C. Permasalahan dan Persoalan .............................................................................................. 4

1. Permasalahan ................................................................................................................. 4

2. Persoalan ....................................................................................................................... 4

D. Tujuan dan Sasaran ........................................................................................................... 4

1. Tujuan ........................................................................................................................... 4

2. Sasaran .......................................................................................................................... 4

E. Lingkup dan Batasan ......................................................................................................... 5

1. Lingkup ......................................................................................................................... 5

2. Batasan .......................................................................................................................... 5

F. Sistematika ........................................................................................................................ 5

1. Sistematika Konsep ....................................................................................................... 5

BAB I (PENDAHULUAN) ................................................................................................... 5

BAB II (TINJAUAN PUSTAKA) ......................................................................................... 5

BAB III (METODE) ............................................................................................................. 5

BAB IV (TINJAUAN DATA) ............................................................................................... 5

BAB V (ANALISIS PERENCANAAN)................................................................................ 6

BAB VI (ANALISIS PERANCANGAN) .............................................................................. 6

BAB VII (KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN)......................................... 6

2. Sistematika Studio ......................................................................................................... 6

TRANSFORMASI DESAIN ................................................................................................. 6

GAMBAR KERJA ................................................................................................................ 6

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3D RENDERING .................................................................................................................. 6

DESIGN REPORT ................................................................................................................ 6

MAKET ................................................................................................................................ 7

BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................................................. 8

A. Islamic Center ................................................................................................................... 8

1. Pengertian ..................................................................................................................... 8

2. Tujuan ........................................................................................................................... 9

3. Fungsi ......................................................................................................................... 10

4. Klasifikasi ................................................................................................................... 10

5. Sifat dan Status Kelembagaan ...................................................................................... 11

6. Struktur Organisasi ...................................................................................................... 11

7. Kegiatan ...................................................................................................................... 12

8. Studi Preseden ............................................................................................................. 14

a) Jakarta Islamic Center (JIC) ......................................................................................... 14

b) Islamic Center Baitul Muttaqien, Samarinda ................................................................ 16

B. Arsitektur Islam ............................................................................................................... 18

1. Pengertian ................................................................................................................... 18

2. Metode ........................................................................................................................ 19

3. Karakteristik ................................................................................................................ 20

C. Islam di Magelang ........................................................................................................... 24

BAB III. METODE ..................................................................................................................... 26

A. Metode Konsep ............................................................................................................... 26

1. Gagasan awal .............................................................................................................. 26

2. Penelusuran rumusan masalah...................................................................................... 26

3. Pengumpulan Data ....................................................................................................... 26

4. Analisa Data ................................................................................................................ 27

5. Konsep Perencanaan dan Perancangan ......................................................................... 27

B. Metode Studio ................................................................................................................. 28

1. Transformasi Desain .................................................................................................... 28

2. Gambar Kerja .............................................................................................................. 28

3. 3D Rendering .............................................................................................................. 28

4. Design Report .............................................................................................................. 28

5. Maket .......................................................................................................................... 28

BAB IV. TINJAUAN DATA ...................................................................................................... 29

A. Pengguna ........................................................................................................................ 29

B. Kegiatan .......................................................................................................................... 30

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C. Tinjauan Umum Kabupaten Magelang ............................................................................. 31

1. Tinjauan Administrasi.................................................................................................. 31

2. Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah ...................................................................................... 32

D. Tinjauan Umum Kecamatan Mertoyudan ......................................................................... 33

1. Kondisi Administratif .................................................................................................. 33

2. Jumlah Penduduk......................................................................................................... 34

3. Tempat Peribadatan ..................................................................................................... 35

E. Konteks Perencanaan dan Perancangan ............................................................................ 35

BAB V. ANALISIS PERENCANAAN ....................................................................................... 36

A. Deskripsi Proyek ............................................................................................................. 36

B. Visi Misi ......................................................................................................................... 36

1. Visi ............................................................................................................................. 36

2. Misi ............................................................................................................................. 36

C. Tujuan ............................................................................................................................. 36

D. Struktur Organisasi .......................................................................................................... 37

E. Lokasi ............................................................................................................................. 38

F. Pendekatan Arsitektur Islam ............................................................................................ 39

G. Kegiatan .......................................................................................................................... 39

H. Kebutuhan Ruang ............................................................................................................ 41

BAB VI. ANALISIS PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR ............................................................ 45

A. Peruangan ....................................................................................................................... 45

1. Besaran Ruang............................................................................................................. 45

2. Persyaratan Ruang ....................................................................................................... 53

3. Fasilitas Ruang ............................................................................................................ 58

4. Hubungan Ruang ......................................................................................................... 60

B. Tapak .............................................................................................................................. 65

1. Luasan ......................................................................................................................... 65

2. Garis Sempadan ........................................................................................................... 65

3. Zonasi ......................................................................................................................... 65

4. Sirkulasi ...................................................................................................................... 66

5. Angin .......................................................................................................................... 67

6. Kebisingan .................................................................................................................. 67

7. Pencapaian .................................................................................................................. 68

8. View ............................................................................................................................ 68

9. Sun shadow pattern ..................................................................................................... 69

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C. Tampilan Bangunan ........................................................................................................ 69

1. Massa Bangunan .......................................................................................................... 69

2. Bentuk Bangunan ........................................................................................................ 70

3. Ornamentasi ................................................................................................................ 70

4. Ornamentasi Struktur ................................................................................................... 71

5. Lanskaping .................................................................................................................. 72

6. Muqarnas .................................................................................................................... 73

7. Pelataran Terbuka (Sahn) ............................................................................................. 73

D. Struktur ........................................................................................................................... 74

1. Sub Structure ............................................................................................................... 74

2. Super Structure ............................................................................................................ 74

3. Upper Structure ........................................................................................................... 74

E. Utilitas ............................................................................................................................ 75

1. Sistem Penghawaan ..................................................................................................... 75

2. Sistem air bersih .......................................................................................................... 75

3. Sistem air kotor ........................................................................................................... 75

4. Sistem kelistrikan ........................................................................................................ 76

5. Sistem Keamanan ........................................................................................................ 76

BAB VII. KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ................................................ 77

A. Konsep Perencanaan ........................................................................................................ 77

1. Deskripsi Proyek ......................................................................................................... 77

2. Visi Misi ..................................................................................................................... 77

3. Tujuan ......................................................................................................................... 78

4. Struktur Organisasi ...................................................................................................... 78

5. Lokasi ......................................................................................................................... 79

6. Pendekatan Arsitektur Islam ........................................................................................ 79

7. Kegiatan ...................................................................................................................... 80

8. Kebutuhan Ruang ........................................................................................................ 82

B. Konsep Perancangan ....................................................................................................... 84

1. Peruangan .................................................................................................................... 84

2. Tapak ........................................................................................................................ 100

3. Tampilan Bangunan ................................................................................................... 104

4. Struktur ..................................................................................................................... 108

5. Utilitas....................................................................................................................... 109

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................................... 114

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman

Gambar 1. Tapak Jakarta Islamic Center ..................................................................................... 15

Gambar 2. Fasad Jakarta Islamic Center ...................................................................................... 16

Gambar 3. Interior Jakarta Islamic Center ................................................................................... 16

Gambar 4. Islamic Center Baitul Muttaqien, Samarinda .............................................................. 17

Gambar 5. Fasad Islamic Center Samarinda ................................................................................ 17

Gambar 6. Interior Islamic Center Samarinda .............................................................................. 18

Gambar 7. Ornamentasi Geometri pada Masjid ........................................................................... 20

Gambar 8. Ornamentasi pada Masjid Nabawi .............................................................................. 21

Gambar 9. Kolom melengkung pada Masjid Quba sebagai estetika dan menghilangkan simbol

cross ........................................................................................................................................... 21

Gambar 10. Seni Lanskaping pada Masjid Baiturrahman, Aceh. .................................................. 23

Gambar 11. Desain Muqarnas dengan Ornamentasi Geometri yang biasa terdapat di atas mihrab

atau pintu masuk sebuah Masjid .................................................................................................. 23

Gambar 12. Pelataran terbuka (sahn) pada masjid Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia .......... 24

Gambar 13. Peta Administrasi Kabupaten Magelang ................................................................... 31

Gambar 14. Peta RTRW Kabupaten Magelang ............................................................................ 32

Gambar 15. Peta Administrasi Kecamatan Mertoyudan ............................................................... 33

Gambar 16. Struktur Organisasi Islamic Center ........................................................................... 37

Gambar 17. Lokasi terpilih .......................................................................................................... 38

Gambar 18. Kiblat dari tapak terpilih di Magelang ...................................................................... 46

Gambar 19. Matriks ruang Masjid ............................................................................................... 60

Gambar 20. Matriks ruang Kantor Pengelola ............................................................................... 61

Gambar 21. Matriks ruang Perpustakaan ..................................................................................... 62

Gambar 22. Matriks ruang Pusat Konsultasi Ke-Islaman ............................................................. 62

Gambar 23. Matriks ruang Pertemuan ......................................................................................... 63

Gambar 24. Matriks ruang Pujasera ............................................................................................. 63

Gambar 25. Matriks ruang Asrama .............................................................................................. 64

Gambar 26. Matriks ruang Pos Kemanan .................................................................................... 64

Gambar 27. Matriks ruang servis dan lapangan parkir ................................................................. 64

Gambar 28. Analisis angin .......................................................................................................... 67

Gambar 29. Analisis kebisingan .................................................................................................. 67

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Gambar 30. Analisis pencapaian ................................................................................................. 68

Gambar 31. Analisis view ........................................................................................................... 68

Gambar 32. Analisis pola pembayangan matahari........................................................................ 69

Gambar 33. Ornamentasi Geometri yang Berbentuk Kaligrafi ..................................................... 71

Gambar 25. Ornamentasi Geometri dari Kombinasi Bentuk Bintang Daud .................................. 71

Gambar 35. Ragam Ornamen pada Kolom Masjid ....................................................................... 72

Gambar 36. Seni Lanskaping pada Masjid Sultan Qaboos, Muscat, Oman. .................................. 73

Gambar 37. Desain Ornamen pada Muqarnas .............................................................................. 73

Gambar 38. Pelataran terbuka (sahn) pada masjid Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia .......... 74

Gambar 39. Lokasi terpilih .......................................................................................................... 79

Gambar 40. Konsep program kegiatan pengelola ......................................................................... 82

Gambar 41. Konsep program kegiatan pengunjung ...................................................................... 82

Gambar 42. Konsep Ruang Sholat ............................................................................................... 94

Gambar 43. Pendekatan Konsep Ruang Wudhu ........................................................................... 94

Gambar 44. Pendekatan konsep besaran bak penampung air ........................................................ 95

Gambar 45. Pendekatan konsep kemiringan lantai kamar mandi .................................................. 95

Gambar 46. Konsep pendekatan untuk peletakan dan dimensi kloset. .......................................... 95

Gambar 47. Orientasi Kamar Mandi ............................................................................................ 96

Gambar 48. Diagram hubungan ruang Masjid ............................................................................. 96

Gambar 49. Diagram hubungan ruang pengelola ......................................................................... 97

Gambar 50. Diagram hubungan ruang perpustakaan .................................................................... 97

Gambar 51. Diagram hubungan ruang pusat konsultasi ke-Islaman .............................................. 98

Gambar 52. Diagram hubungan ruang pertemuan ........................................................................ 98

Gambar 53. Diagram hubungan ruang pujasera ........................................................................... 98

Gambar 54. Diagram hubungan ruang asrama ............................................................................. 99

Gambar 55. Diagram hubungan ruang pos keamanan .................................................................. 99

Gambar 56. Diagram hubungan ruang servis dan parkir ............................................................... 99

Gambar 57. Konsep Luasan dan Dimensi Tapak........................................................................ 100

Gambar 58. Konsep Garis Sempadan ........................................................................................ 100

Gambar 59. Konsep zonasi ........................................................................................................ 101

Gambar 60. Konsep sirkulasi .................................................................................................... 101

Gambar 61. Ilustrasi sun shading .............................................................................................. 102

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Gambar 62. Pagar vegetasi ........................................................................................................ 102

Gambar 63. Pintu masuk Masjid Putra, Malaysia ....................................................................... 103

Gambar 64. Sahn Masjid sebagai penyambut di main entrance .................................................. 103

Gambar 65. Secondary skin pada masjid.................................................................................... 104

Gambar 66. Konsep massa bangunan ........................................................................................ 105

Gambar 67. Konsep bentuk bangunan ....................................................................................... 105

Gambar 68. Ornamentasi Geometri yang Berbentuk Kaligrafi ................................................... 106

Gambar 69. Pilihan bentuk dan corak ornamentasi muqarnas..................................................... 106

Gambar 70. Lanskaping dalam tapak ......................................................................................... 107

Gambar 71. Pendekatan bentuk dan ornamen pada Muqarnas .................................................... 107

Gambar 72. Pelataran terbuka (sahn) pada masjid Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia ........ 108

Gambar 73. Konstruksi Pondasi Batu Kali dan Footplat ............................................................ 108

Gambar 74. Konstruksi dinding batu bata .................................................................................. 108

Gambar 75. Konstruksi atap kubah beton .................................................................................. 109

Gambar 76. Cross ventilation yang baik dan benar .................................................................... 109

Gambar 77. Beberapa contoh penghawaan buatan ..................................................................... 110

Gambar 78. Ilustrasi skema PAM dan sumur dalam................................................................... 110

Gambar 79. Ilustrasi skema peresapan air kotor padat ................................................................ 110

Gambar 80. Ilustrasi skema peresapan air kotor cair .................................................................. 111

Gambar 81. Ilustrasi skema peresapan air hujan ........................................................................ 111

Gambar 82. Ilustrasi skema arus listrik ...................................................................................... 111

Gambar 83. Sprinkler ................................................................................................................ 112

Gambar 84. Tangga darurat/ tangga kebakaran .......................................................................... 112

Gambar 85. Sistem penangkal petir ........................................................................................... 112

Gambar 86. Sistem tangga......................................................................................................... 113

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DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman

Tabel 1. Komponen Lanskap dalam Arsitektur Islam................................................................... 22

Tabel 2. Data pengajian rutin di Magelang .................................................................................. 31

Tabel 3. Kegiatan pengguna dan kebutuhan ruang ....................................................................... 42

Tabel 4. Ruang wudhu dan servis ................................................................................................ 46

Tabel 5. Perhitungan ruang pengelola .......................................................................................... 47

Tabel 6. Perhitungan ruang perpustakaan .................................................................................... 49

Tabel 7. Perhitungan ruang pusat konsultasi keIslaman ............................................................... 50

Tabel 8. Perhitungan ruang pertemuan ........................................................................................ 50

Tabel 9. Perhitungan ruang pujasera ............................................................................................ 51

Tabel 10. Perhitungan ruang Asrama ........................................................................................... 51

Tabel 11. Perhitungan ruang pos keamanan ................................................................................. 52

Tabel 12. Perhitungan ruang servis dan parkir ............................................................................. 52

Tabel 13. Perhitungan ruang keseluruhan .................................................................................... 53

Tabel 14. Persyaratan ruang Masjid ............................................................................................. 53

Tabel 15. Persyaratan ruang Kantor Pengelola ............................................................................. 54

Tabel 16. Persyaratan ruang Perpustakaan ................................................................................... 55

Tabel 17. Persyaratan ruang Konsultasi KeIslaman ..................................................................... 56

Tabel 18. Persyaratan ruang Pertemuan ....................................................................................... 56

Tabel 19. Persyaratan ruang Pujasera .......................................................................................... 57

Tabel 20. Persyaratan ruang Asrama ........................................................................................... 57

Tabel 21. Persyaratan ruang Pos Keamanan ................................................................................ 58

Tabel 22. Persyaratan ruang Servis dan Lapangan Parkir ............................................................. 58

Tabel 23. Komponen Lanskap dalam Arsitektur Islam ................................................................. 72

Tabel 24. Penerapan konsep Arsitektur Islam .............................................................................. 79

Tabel 25. Kegiatan pengguna dan kebutuhan ruang ..................................................................... 80

Tabel 26. Kebutuhan ruang ......................................................................................................... 82

Tabel 27. Besaran ruang Masjid .................................................................................................. 84

Tabel 28. Besaran ruang Kantor Pengelola .................................................................................. 84

Tabel 29. Besaran ruang Perpustakaan ........................................................................................ 85

Tabel 30. Besaran ruang Pusat Konsultasi Ke-Islaman ................................................................ 86

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Tabel 31. Besaran ruang Pertemuan ............................................................................................ 86

Tabel 32. Besaran ruang Pujasera ................................................................................................ 87

Tabel 33. Besaran ruang Asrama ................................................................................................. 87

Tabel 34. Besaran ruang Pos Keamanan ...................................................................................... 88

Tabel 35. Besaran ruang Servis dan Lapangan Parkir .................................................................. 88

Tabel 36. Perhitungan ruang keseluruhan .................................................................................... 89

Tabel 37. Persyaratan ruang Masjid ............................................................................................. 89

Tabel 38. Persyaratan ruang Kantor Pengelola ............................................................................. 89

Tabel 39. Persyaratan ruang Perpustakaan ................................................................................... 90

Tabel 40. Persyaratan ruang Pusat Konsultasi Ke-Islaman ........................................................... 91

Tabel 41. Persyaratan ruang Pertemuan ....................................................................................... 91

Tabel 42. Persyaratan ruang Pujasera .......................................................................................... 92

Tabel 43. Persyaratan ruang Asrama ........................................................................................... 92

Tabel 44. Persyaratan ruang Pos Keamanan ................................................................................ 93

Tabel 45. Besaran ruang Servis dan Lapangan Parkir .................................................................. 93

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DAFTAR GRAFIK

Halaman

Grafik 1. Penduduk Magelang yang Beragama Islam .................................................................. 29

Grafik 2. Data persebaran pondok pesantren di kota Magelang .................................................. 30

Grafik 3. Data jumlah Dusun, RT dan RW di Kecamatan Mertoyudan ........................................ 34

Grafik 4. Data jumlah penduduk di Kecamatan Mertoyudan ....................................................... 34

Grafik 5. Data persebaran Masjid dan Surau di Kecamatan Mertoyudan, Magelang .................... 35

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