PSYCHOLOGY OF KESURUPAN : Understanding and Handling

Trance Possession in Indonesia

Drs. Asep Haerul Gani, Psiasephaerulgani@yahoo.co.id

www.PortalNLP.com+62-8151-0770-666

Rajah Pambuka• Pun Sapun ka Allah nu Maha Agung• Ka Gusti Nu Maha Suci• Muga Malaikat katitah nyaah ka kaula• Mugi Iblis Nu Nyiliwuri kasinglar ku Salira• Setan ti Diri Nyingkir, • Setan ti Sasama ingkah, • Setan ti Makhluk lian rempan,• Nya kuring seja Nyoara• Ngeunaan Kasurupan, Kamanjingan,

Karawuhan• Ngarah nu lenggah meunang hikmah• Sangkan nu datang mibanda tenang• Diri anteng ayem tengtrem• Kun fayakun• Pun Sapun Ampun Paralun

• Allah, the almighty forgive me• to Thou the Holly• Please ask the Angel to care of me• Please ask Iblis to separate of me• Satan from my self go out• Satan from another creature afraid of• Here I am create a sound• About Trance (Spirit, Demonic)

Possession• The audience got the wisdom• The people who comes in wellbeing• My Self calm, relax, convenience• “Done and be Done”• Forgive Me and Be Kind to me.

Why Am I Interested on KESURUPAN

• PRACTICE :– To prepare The Psychologist to have the confident

level in same level with Shaman.– To give understanding about the phenomena to

prepare the people and community • SCIENCE– Understanding about the phenomena based on

indigenous point of view

How I approached the Kesurupan

• Involve with those KESURUPAN phenomena• Observe and or Interview the people who involve in

KESURUPAN• Observe and Interview the people who handle

KESURUPAN • Learn from the literature about the KESURUPAN theme

(Novel, Story Book, etc)• Practice on handling some people who involve in

Kesurupan • Experiment on Kesurupan with The Balinese Balian

Shaman and his student.

KESURUPAN , what is it ?• Kesurupan (Sunda/Jawa : Surup, SUNSET)• Kemasukan (Betawi: COME IN TO)• Kaasupan (Sunda: Asup, COME IN TO)• Ngagerebeg (Sunda: Gerebeg, VIBRATION)• Keranjingan (Jawa: Ranjing, AFFECTED)• Kemanjingan (Jawa: Manjing, COME IN TO)• Kelinggihan (Bali: Linggih, SIT IN - APPEAR)• Kerawuhan (Bali: Rawuh, COME IN TO - PRESENT) • Kejantur (Jawa: Jantur , PULL )• Kerasukan (Melayu: Rasuk , ABSORB - COME IN TO)

• Another, please share...........................

Early speculation

1) SPIRIT POSSESSION • There is/are another entity in spirit (Good,

Bad, The Ugly) {many names: Genie, Satan, Iblis, Genderuwo, Makhluk Halus, Yang Linggih, Ruh leluhur, Ruh gentayangan, Betara, dll} come into and replace the spirit of the people in order to communicate to another people, direct or indirect, for the body owner’s interest or for the community interest.

Early Speculation

2. Energy channeling3. Pathology 4. Dissociation

State of Mind of KesurupanThinking

SPIRIT

PhysiologyFeeling

KESURUPAN Phenomena

• Present in SOCIAL CONTEXT (minimum 2 peoples)

• Binding and using the Local Memetic• Indigenous• Have the aims and gains• In most case “Law of effect”

Phenomenological of Trance1. Experiential absorption of attention2. Effortless expression3. Experiential, non conceptualinvolvement4. Willingness to experiment5. Flexibility in time/space relations6. Alteration of sensory experience7. Fluctuation in involvement8. Motoric/verbal inhibition9. Trance logic10. Metaphorical processing11. Time distortion12. Amnesia

Behavioral Indicator of Trance

Kesurupan and Trance

KESURUPAN

TRANCE08090

KESURUPANTRANCE

TRANCE

KESURUPAN08090

KESURUPAN

TRANCE

KESURUPAN

TRANCE

1

2

3

4

5

Kesurupan : Concept to Compare

KESURUPAN

HysteriaCatharsis

Abreaction

KesurupanKESURUPAN

Mass

Art

Ceremony

Problem in the group

Solitary

Voluntary Channeling

Unvoluntary Channeling

Problem

Fake

Mass Kesurupan

Mass Kesurupan

• Triggered by:– Problems feel by the group as the community stress

(Eg: Mass Kesurupan at Schools, Boarding, Dormitory, Clubs, etc)

– Art activities (Music & Dance) . (Eg : Ebeg & Janturan (Banyumas), Kuda Lumping, Tari Barong (Bali), Tor-tor (Batak), Lais (Garut), Debus (Banten), Bambu Gila , etc)

– Activity related to the Religious or Community Ceremony (Eg: Balinese ceremony, Ordo Sufi, Acehnese people when the HIKAYAT PERANG SABIL read etc)

Solitary

Kesurupan Solitary Type

Normal Disstress Kesurupan Neurotik Psikotik

Solitary KESURUPAN PROBLEM Type

• People already have problem • People instability in emotion• A part of defense mechanisme which heritage

in culture• Act of get attention

Solitary KESURUPAN FAKE Type

• People LEARN that Kesurupan have the impact to manipulate another people to do something for his/her/their/our interest AND he/she act in KESURUPAN mode of behavior to influence another people THEN when he/she another people give attention to him/her , He/She speaks using KESURUPAN way about his/her interest.

Handling on Culture

1. Ceremony :a. Jampi (Chanting) , Mantra (mantram), Du’a (Pray),

Ruqyahb. Ruwatan (Bath, Mantram)c. Pengorbanan (Sacrifice)

2. Panggil (Invite) – Bujuk (Persuate) –Ancam (Punish) - Usir ( )

3. Penyiksaan Fisik (Physically Punishment)4. Pendiaman / Pengucilan (Time out or Separate)

General Principle

• Accept – Utilize– Case #1 : The Wife and The Siliwangi Tiger– Case #2 : The 15yrs old Lady and Nini (Grandma) Marongge– Case #3 : The widow and Mbah (Grandpa) Jambrong

• Pattern Interruption– Case #1 : Drumming and Janturan– Case #2 : Istigosah (Together prayer) and finger pressure– Case #3 : Aki (Grandpa) Balangantrang and Clasp on the face– Case #4 : Ruh Gentayangan (The mobility spirit) and bath– Case #5 : The NETHDERLAND TOURIST and the LEAK

SOP for handling Kesurupan

Private (Single) Kesurupan1. Calm2. Please ask to the people surrounding the client

and watching go out from there. 3. Relatives only stay in the room4. Ensure the location is safety5. Observe and validate the client.6. Choose approach which appropriate with , safe

and convenience for the client (Physically and Ego) a. Accept – Utilizeb. Pattern Interruption

7. Give the suggestion :that he/she will take a rest or sleep in certain minutes and next inform to the relatives what did he or she want.

8. When the Client come to the normal conditions, Give opportunity to him/her to inform exactly waht he/she want to.

Mass Kesurupan1. Calm2. Observe the context and act according to the

contexta. Art – Stop the musicb.Ritual – Stop praying/chantingc. Exercise – Stop

3. Separate the people in normal and the people involve in kesurupan

4. Give the information and counseling to the normal

5. To the people who involve on kesurupan handle using:

a. Accept – Utilize, orb.Pattern Intervention, or a both

6. When the Client come to the normal conditions, Give opportunity to him/her to inform exactly waht he/she want to.

Proposal Approach

1. Defense mechanism expression2. Cultural memetic expression

The Challenge for Psychologist

1. Know2. Appreciate3. Understand4. Comprehend5. Feel able to Cope6. Apply7. Master8. Transfer

Rajah Pamunah

• Pun Sapun Ka Gusti Nu Maha Agung

• Pun Sapun, Ampun paralun