Perancangan Alat Pemantau Kadar Gas Amonia (NH3) Untuk Kandang Ayam di

Peternakan Berbasis Mikrokontroler

oleh

Laurentius Arvin Adiwijaya

NIM: 612014027

Skripsi

Untuk melengkapi salah satu syarat memperoleh

Gelar Sarjana Teknik

Program Studi Teknik Elektro

Fakultas Teknik Elektronika dan Komputer

Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Salatiga

Oktober 2019

ii

ABSTRACT

The chicken farming sector in Indonesia has become one of the livelihoods of

the people of Indonesia. One type of farm that is spread throughout Indonesia is broiler

chicken farming, many problems in the surrounding environment and health

(performance and productivity) of chickens. The problem arises from various factors, one

of which is air pollution caused by gases (such as carbon dioxide, ammonia and methane),

which can cause decreased productivity and performance of broilers. The tool commonly

used by chicken farmers in measuring ammonia gas levels in chicken coops is Hydrion

AM-40 paper. Therefore, this thesis designed an ammonia gas (NH3) monitoring tool for

chicken coops on microcontroller-based farms.

In the design of ammonia gas (NH3) monitoring devices, 1 MQ-135 sensor is

used to read ammonia levels in the cage by dividing 4 levels or the status of the ammonia

level itself. The 4 levels are divided into safe limits, normal limits, high limits, and hazard

limits, where each limit is set within the range of NH3 levels themselves. There is 1

Wemos D1-Mini module to send notifications in the form of a short message that will be

received by the user through the Line application, 1 LCD 16x2 module as a display

replacement for Hydrion AM-40 paper.

From the test results, the ammonia gas monitoring device (NH3) is able to

identify ammonia gas levels in the cage quite accurately by comparing the reading of

ammonia gas levels using Hydrion AM-40 paper and being able to send readings of these

gas levels if there is an increase in gas levels at level 3 and 4 to the user through a short

message notification in the Line application by giving commands to overcome the

excessive ammonia levels.

iii

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur kepada Allah Bapa, Yesus Kristus dan Roh Kudus atas segala

hikmat, karunia, mujizat dan penyertaanNya sehingga skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan

dengan baik. Segala yang telah dicapai oleh penulis tidak terlepas dari dorongan

semangat, bantuan , perhatian dan dukungan dari berbagai pihak. Maka, perkenankanlah

penulis menyampaikan rasa ucapan terimakasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada:

1. Tuhan yang memberikan berkat yang melimpah untuk penulis.

2. Pembimbing I, Bapak F.Dalu Setiaji., M.T. dan pembimbing II, Bapak Gunawan

Dewantoro, M.Sc.Eng. Terima kasih atas bimbingan, arahan, saran, nasihat,

waktu dan kesabaran yang telah diberikan kepada penulis.

3. Terima kasih yang tidak terhingga untuk Bapak Drh. Emanuel Ambang

Nugroho, Ibu Christina Sri Kurniastuti, dan kedua adikku Benedictus Tino

Nugroho dan Maria Cindy Maharani atas segala perhatian, dorongan semangat,

dukungan material dan doa. Kiranya Tuhan Yesus senantiasa memberkati.

4. Keluarga ke-dua penulis yaitu FTEK angkatan 2014.

5. Terimakasih untuk semua teman seperjuangan, Awen, Mbah Pupuh, Aceng,

Nico Dut, Gibach, Putu, Riko, Cino, Om Buncit, Adit, Nyon, Lisbeth, Sekar

Gembul, Enno, Kak Iki, Babang Melky, Fani, Eva, Venda, Ventha, Moncel,

Jejes, Devira, Albert, Emon, Fikra, Keluarga Rindang, Dido, Restu, Mbok e,

Nia Gode, Baby, Ki Bancak, Duar Mamat, Defriel, Rekan-rekan XT-RADIO.

6. Seluruh staff, dosen, karyawan, dan laboran FTEK atas dukungan material

maupun moral selama penulis melaksanakan perkuliahan di fakultas tercinta ini.

7. Pihak-pihak yang tidak bisa disebutkan satu per satu, yang turut membantu

dalam usaha penulis menyelesaikan studi di Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana.

Selama studi dan penulisan tugas akhir ini, tentunya ada begitu banyak pihak yang

membantu penulis. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih.

iv

Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari kata “sempurna”, oleh karena

itu penulis sangat mengharapkan kritik maupun saran dari pembaca sekalian sehingga

skripsi ini dapat berguna bagi kemajuan teknik elektronika.

Salatiga, 2 Oktober 2019

Penulis

v

DAFTAR ISI

INTISARI .......................................................................................................................... i

ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................... ii

KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................................... iii

DAFTAR ISI..................................................................................................................... v

DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR TABEL.......................................................................................................... viii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................. 1

1.1. Tujuan ................................................................................................................ 1

1.2. Latar Belakang ................................................................................................... 1

1.3. Spesifikasi Alat .................................................................................................. 3

1.4. Sistematika Penulisan ........................................................................................ 4

BAB II DASAR TEORI ................................................................................................... 5

2.1. Kajian Pustaka ................................................................................................... 5

2.2. Sensor MQ-135 .................................................................................................. 7

2.3. LCD 16 × 2 ........................................................................................................ 8

2.4. Buzzer................................................................................................................. 8

2.5. Arduino Uno ...................................................................................................... 9

2.6. Wemos D1-Mini .............................................................................................. 10

2.7. IFTTT…………………………………………………………………………10

BAB III PERANCANGAN ALAT ................................................................................ 11

3.1. Gambaran Sistem ............................................................................................. 11

3.2. Perancangan ..................................................................................................... 12

3.3. Realisasi .......................................................................................................... 14

3.4. Perancangan Elektronika dan Pengkabelan .................................................... 16

3.4.1. Sensor MQ-135 ...................................................................................... 16

3.4.2. LCD ....................................................................................................... 18

3.4.3. LED Indikator ........................................................................................ 19

3.4.4. Buzzer..................................................................................................... 19

3.4.5. Wemos D1-Mini & Arduino Uno .......................................................... 20

3.4.6. Terminal Kabel ...................................................................................... 21

vi

3.4.7. Power Supply ......................................................................................... 21

3.5. Perancangan Perangkat Lunak .......................................................................... 22

BAB IV PENGUJIAN DAN ANALISIS ....................................................................... 25

4.1. Perbandingan Pengukuran Sampel Amonia dengan Sensor MQ-135 dan Kertas

Ukur Hydrion AM-40 ...................................................................................... 25

4.1.1. Pengujian Sensor MQ-135 Di Udara Bebas .......................................... 26

4.1.2. Pengujian Sensor MQ-135 Dengan Sampel yang Diambil Dari Kandang

Ayam ...................................................................................................... 27

4.2. Pengujian di Kandang Ayam Pada Peternakan................................................ 29

4.3. Pengujian Sistem Peringatan Buzzer................................................................ 30

BAB V Kesimpulan Dan Saran ...................................................................................... 30

5.1. Kesimpulan ...................................................................................................... 30

5.2. Saran Pengembangan ....................................................................................... 31

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................................... 32

vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Sensor MQ-135 ..................................................................................... 7

Gambar 2.2. Struktur dan Konfigurasi Sensor MQ-135 ............................................ 7

Gambar 2.3. LCD 16 × 2 ............................................................................................ 8

Gambar 2.4. Buzzer .................................................................................................... 8

Gambar 2.5. Arduino Uno .......................................................................................... 9

Gambar 2.6. Wemos D1-Mini ............................................................................... 10

Gambar 2.7. IFTTT .................................................................................................. 10

Gambar 3.1. Diagram Blok Perangkat Keras ........................................................... 11

Gambar 3.2. Desain Fisik Alat ................................................................................. 12

Gambar 3.3. Desain Fisik Peternakan Ayam Close House ...................................... 13

Gambar 3.4. Realisasi Fisik Alat .............................................................................. 14

Gambar 3.5. Realisasi Bentuk Kandang Dari Luar .................................................. 14

Gambar 3.6. Realisasi Bentuk Kandang Dari Dalam ............................................... 15

Gambar 3.7. Realisasi Kandang Ayam dari Dalam Saat Keadaan Isi Ayam ........... 15

Gambar 3.8. Wiring Sensor MQ-135 ....................................................................... 17

Gambar 3.9. Karakteristik Sensitivitas Sensor MQ-135 .......................................... 17

Gambar 3.10. Wiring LCD 16 × 2 dengan I2C ke Arduino ....................................... 18

Gambar 3.11. Wiring LED Indikator ......................................................................... 19

Gambar 3.12. Wiring Buzzer ...................................................................................... 20

Gambar 3.13. Wiring Wemos D1-Mini ke Arduino Uno ........................................... 21

Gambar 3.14. Diagram Alair Perangkat Lunak ......................................................... 22

Source 3.1. Proses Pembacaan Sensor MQ-135 .................................................... 23

Source 3.2. Pengkondisian Dari Pembacaan Sensor .............................................. 24

Gambar 4.1. Pembacaan Sensor MQ-135 di Udara Bebas ...................................... 26

Gambar 4.2. Pembacaan Sensor dan Kertas Hydrion Terhadap Sampel yan Diambil

Dari Kandang Ayam ........................................................................... 28

Gambar 4.3. Pesan Notifikasi Kepada User Melalui Aplikasi Line ........................ 29

Gambar 4.4. Pesan Notifikasi Kepada User Melalui Aplikasi Line ........................ 30

viii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Studi Literatur ............................................................................................... 5

Tabel 4.1. Tabel Cara Pembacaan Kertas Hydiron ...................................................... 26

Tabel 4.2. Hasil Pembacaan Sensor dan Kertas Hydrion AM – 40 di Udara Bebas ... 27

Tabel 4.3. Pengambilan Data Uji Pembacaan Sensor .................................................. 28

Tabel 4.4. Hasil Pengujian Kadar Level Amonia di Kandang Ayam Pada Peternakan30