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PERAN WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME (WFP) DALAM
MENGATASI KRISIS PANGAN DI HAITI
PASCA GEMPA BUMI 2010
Disusun dan Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana
Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1
ROSSI DAMAYANTI
201410360311138
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2018
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PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS
Yang bertandatangan dibawah ini:
Nama : Rossi Damayanti
Tempat, tanggal lahir : Bogor, 04 Juni 1996
Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
Program Studi : Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah (skripsi) dengan judul:
Peran World Food Programme (WFP) dalam Mengatasi Krisis Pangan di Haiti
Pasca Gempa Bumi 2010
Adalah bukan karya tulis ilmiah atau skripsi orang lain, baik sebagian atau
seluruhnya, kecuali dalam bentuk kutipan yang telah saya sebutkan sumbernya
dengan benar.
Demikian surat pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenar-benanya dan
apabila pernyataan ini tidak benar, saya bersedia mendapat sanksi sesuai dengan
ketentuan yang berlaku.
Malang, 03 Juli 2018
Yang menyatakan,
Rossi Damayanti
v
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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur peneliti panjatkan kepada Allah Subhanahu wa ta‟ala yang telah
memberikan kesehatan, rahmat, dan hidayahNya sehingga peneliti mampu menyelesaikan
penelitian skripsi. Shalawat serta salam yang senantiasa tercurahkan kepada junjungan
besar, Nabi Muhammad Shallallahu „alaihi wasallam.
Penelitian skripsi ini diajukan sebagai syarat kelulusan dan meraih gelar strata 1
ilmu hubungan internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang, dengan judul “Peran World Food Programme (WFP) dalam
Mengatasi Krisis Pangan di Haiti Pasca Gempa Bumi 2010”. Penelitian skrispsi ini
tentunya tidak dapat dapat diselesaikan tanpa adanya bantuan, dukungan dan bimbingan
dari dosen pembimbing, sehingga peneliti mengucapkan rasa terima kasih yang sebesar-
besarnya.
Akhir kata, dengan sangat rendah hati peneliti menyadari bahwa penelitian skripsi
ini masih jauh dari sempurna, baik secara pengetahuan maupun secara teknis. Oleh sebab
itu, kritik dan saran yang membangun sangat dibutuhkan sebagai bahan evalusasi ke
depannya. Semoga penelitian skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat sekaligus dapat menjadi
referensi bagi para pembaca.
Malang, 03 Juli 2018
Peneliti,
Rossi Damayanti
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LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN
Puji syukur juga peneliti panjatkan kepada Allah SWT, yang telah memberikan
kesempatan bagi peneliti untuk memperoleh pendidikan ke jenjang Sarjana S-1, serta
mampu menyelesaikan penelitian skripsi ini. Pada kesempatan ini, peneliti juga ingin
mengucapkan terima kasih yang mendalam kepada semua pihak yang terlibat, diantaranya:
1. Bapak Dr. Rinikso Kartono, M.Si selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu
Politik.
2. Bapak M. Syaprin Zahidi, MA selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan
Internasional.
3. Bapak Havidz Ageng Prakoso, MA selaku dosen pembimbing I dan Bapak
Najamuddin Khairur Rijal, M.Hub.Int selaku dosen pembimbing II yang telah
membimbing dan mengarahkan penulis selama proses penelitian skripsi.
4. Seluruh dosen pengajar Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional,
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
5. Ayah dan Ibu yang selalu mendo‟akan dan memotivasi saya selama proses
akademik. Kakak-kakak saya, Muhammad Ridwan, Renni Nuranti dan Muhlis.
Adik saya, Shelvi Annisa. Serta seluruh keluarga besar yang tidak dapat saya
sebutkan.
6. Kepada seluruh kerabat saya mahasiswa HI 2014 UMM; teman seperjuangan
saya: Sitti Syarifah, Sherly Ayu, Melawati, Ayuni Nur Siami, Rama Fernandy,
Endra Kurniawan, Albi Restu, Wachyu Eka, Diana, Veronica, Dhiyah Arimbi,
Roghip, dan lain-lain.
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7. Serta seluruh kerabat saya; Alyani Yasmin, Firda Febriana, Irham Salsabila,
Novilia, Annisa Aulia, Anas Amrullah, Luthfan Bayu, Amir Syaifudin,
Wiranto, Nur Wahid, Arin Puspita, Najwa Wafiyya, Muhammad Irsyad, Agus
Arif, Rifqi Aini, Rizki Nur, Nadiya Asti, Siti Aisyah, Ajeng Wulan, Yustin
Dira, Faradila, Cynthia, Siti Hanifah, dan seluruh kerabat lainnya yang tidak
dapat saya sebutkan satu persatu.
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN SAMPUL.....................................................................................................i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI..........................................................................ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI..........................................................................iii
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS................................................................................iv
BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI..................................................................v
KATA PENGANTAR....................................................................................................vi
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN.......................................................................................vii
ABSTRAKSI...................................................................................................................ix
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................x
DAFTAR ISI...................................................................................................................xi
DAFTAR TABEL........................................................................................................xiii
DAFTAR BAGAN........................................................................................................xiv
DAFTAR DIAGRAM...................................................................................................xv
DAFTAR GRAFIK......................................................................................................xvi
DAFTAR GAMBAR...................................................................................................xvii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN............................................................................................xviii
BAB 1 Pendahuluan..........................................................................................................1 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah...................................................................................1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah............................................................................................7 1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian........................................................................7
1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian.................................................................................7 1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian...............................................................................8
1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu........................................................................................8 Table 1.1 Posisi Penelitian..................................................................................22 1.5 Kerangka Konseptual....................................................................................29
1.5.1 Food Security....................................................................................29 1.5.2 Organisasi Internasio........................................................................32
1.6 Metodologi Penelitian...................................................................................37 1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian.................................................................................37 1.6.2 Teknik Analisa Data.........................................................................38 1.6.3 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian................................................................38 1.6.4 Teknik Pengumpulan Data...............................................................39
1.7 Argumen Dasar.............................................................................................39 1.8 Sistematika Penulisan...................................................................................41
BAB II MASALAH KRISIS PANGAN DI HAITI DAN GAMBARAN WFP
SEBAGAI ORGANISASI INTERNASIONAL..........................................................43
2.1 Masalah Krisis Pangan di Haiti......................................................................43 2.1.1 Kondisi Geografis Haiti.....................................................................43 2.1.2 Kondisi Pangan di Haiti....................................................................46 2.1.3 Krisis Pangan Pasca Gempa Bumi 2010...........................................51
2.2 Gambaran Umum WFP Sebagai Organisasi Internasional............................66
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2.2.1 Latar Belakang Terbentuknya WFP.................................................67 2.2.2 Profil, Visi dan Misi WFP.................................................................69 2.2.3 Keterlibatan WFP di Haiti.................................................................73
BAB III PERAN WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME (WFP) DALAM
KESIAPSIAGAAN DAN PENINGKATAN RESPON CEPAT...............................76
3.1 Peran WFP Melalui Kesiapsiagaan..................................................................76 3.2 Peran WFP dalam Meningkatkan Respon Cepat.............................................79 3.3 Pengadaan Sarana Fasilitas Darurat.................................................................84
a. Listrik dan Telekomunikasi.................................................................84 b.Shelter dan Air Bersih..........................................................................88
BAB IV PERAN WFP MELALUI INTERVENSI PANGAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN
KAPASITAS NASIONAL SEBAGAI SUISTANABLE PROGRAMMES...............93
4.1Bantuan Intervensi Pangan dan utrisi..............................................................93 4.1.1 Malnutition Management................................... ..........................93 4.1.2 School Feeding Program...............................................................97 4.1.3 Pengelolaan Pangan Lokal...........................................................104 4.1.4 Menciptakan Peluang Kerja Sementara.......................................110
4.2 Pembangunan Kapasitas Nasional..............................................................115 BAB V PENUTUPAN................................................................................................121
5.1 Kesimpulan.................................................................................................121 5.2 Saran ..........................................................................................................123
DAFTAR PUSTAKA.................................................................................................125
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Posisi Penelitian ............................................................................... ........ 22
Tabel 1.8 Sistematika Penulisan ....................................................................... ........ 41
Tabel 4.1 Jumlah Sekolah Penerima School Feeding Program oleh WFP (2010-2011)
........... ............................................................................................................... ........ 102
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DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 2.1 Struktur Organisasi WFP ................................................................ ........ 69
xv
DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 2.1 Total Populasi Dunia Tahun 2001-2015 ........ ........................... ........ 48
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DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 2.1 Komoditas Harga Pangan Global ................................................... ........ 50
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Lempeng Tektonik Amerika dan Karibia .................................... ........ 44
Gambar 2.2 Intensitas Gempa .................................................................................. 53
Gambar 3.1 Gudang Stok Pangan ............................................................................ 76
Gambar 3.2 WFP Mendistribusikan Makanan Darurat ............................................ 79
Gambar 3.3 Masyarakat Haiti Menerima Pendistribusian Makanan ........................ 80
Gambar 3.4 Kerusakan Infrastruktur Pasca Gempa Bumi 2010 .............................. 81
Gambar 4.1 Pelajar Haiti Menerima Makanan di Sekolah ....................................... 101
xviii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
CCIH : The Haitian Chamber of Commerce
CCIH : The Haitian Chamber of Commerce
CFAM : Crop Food Security Assessment Mission
CNSA : Coordination Nationale Pour la Securite Alimentaire
DCP : National Deroctorate for Civil Protection
DOS : Department of State
ECHO : European Community Humanitarian Aid
EDH : Electricite d‟Haiti
EU : Europa Union
FAO : Food and Agiculture Organization
FEE : Food for Education
FFW : Food for Work
HEBS : High Energy Biscuits
IFAD : International Fund for Agriculture Development
IGO : Inter Governmental Organization
INGO : Inter Non Governmental Organization
IOM : International Organization for Migration
MOU : Memorandum of Understanding
MSF : Medicos Sin Fronteras
PAHO : Pan American Health Organization
PBB : Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa
SDG‟s : Suistainable Development Goals
SFP : School Feeding Program
TSF : Telecoms Sans Frontieres
UNICEF : United Nations International Children‟s Emergency Fund
USAID : United State Agency for International Development
WHO : World Health Organization
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