pengaruh aktifitas fisik terhadap kebugaran …

PENGARUH AKTIFITAS FISIK TERHADAP KEBUGARAN JASMANI

PADA LANSIA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF

USIA DAN JENIS KELAMIN

(Studi Ex Post Facto di Sanggar Bugar Aerobik Kabupaten Purwakarta)

TESIS

Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Sebagian dari Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Magister

Pendidikan Program Studi Pendidikan Olahraga

Oleh:

Acep Rohmat Nurhidayat

1906662

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN OLAHRAGA

SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA

UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA

2021

2





LEMBAR HAK CIPTA

Oleh :

Acep Rohmat Nurhidayat

Sebuah Tesis yang Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Sebagian dari Syarat Memperoleh

Gelar Magister Pendidikan Program Studi Pendidikan Olahraga

© Acep Rohmat Nurhidayat 2021

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Mei 2021

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3

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

ACEP ROHMAT NURHIDAYAT

1906662





Disetujui dan disahkan untuk mengikuti sidang tahap II

Oleh

Pembimbing I

\

Prof. Dr. Nurlan Kusmaedi, M.Pd.

NIP. 195301111980031002

Pembimbing II

Dr. Helmy Firmansyah, M.Pd.

NIP. 197912282005011002

Mengetahui,

Ketua Prodi Pendidikan Olahraga

Sekolah Pascasarjana

Prof. Dr. Amung Ma’mun, M.Pd.

NIP. 196001191986031002

Acep Rohmat Nurhidayat, 2021 PENGARUH AKTIFITAS FISIK TERHADAP KEBUGARAN JASMANI PADA LANSIA DITINJAU DARI

PERSPEKTIF USIA DAN JENIS KELAMIN Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

ABSTRAK

Pengaruh Aktifitas Fisik Terhadap Kebugaran Jasmani Pada Lansia Ditinjau Dari

Perspektif Usia dan Jenis Kelamin

1Acep Rohmat Nurhidayat, 2Prof. Dr. Nurlan Kusmaedi, M.Pd,. 3Dr. Helmy

Firmansyah, M.Pd

Departemen Pendidikan Olahraga, Pascasarjana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia,

Bandung, Indonesia

[email protected]

Kebugaran jasmani sangat diperlukan dalam kehidupan lansia. Banyak cara untuk memperoleh kebugaran jasmani salah satunya melakukan aktifitas fisik terstruktur,

aktifitas fisik sangat baik bagi tubuh, karena tanpa disadari dengan seringnya melakukan

aktifitas fisik membuat tubuh menjadi bugar dan sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh aktifitas fisik terhadap kebugaran jasmani pada lansia ditinjau dari Perspektif usia dan jenis kelamin. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi ex post facto. Sampel

yang digunakan yaitu lanjut usia >60 thn sebanyak 20 orang (L=10, P=10) untuk pra lansia berjumlah 20 orang (L=10, P=10). Instrumen yang digunakan tes Health Related

Physical Fitness dan Fitness Of Older Adult. Comparative Analysis of the Indicators of

the functional fitness of the elderly. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat perbedaan kebugaran jasmani berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin tingkat kebugaran jasmani lansia

laki-laki sekitar 0,15%, untuk lansia permpuan sekitar 0,175%, sedangkan untuk katagori

pra lansia laki-laki tingkat kebugaranya yaitu sekitar 0,175% dan untuk pra lansia perempuan sekitar 0,125% . perlu adanya kajian lebih lanjut terkait dengan hasil

penelitian ini.

Kata Kunci: Aktifitas Fisik, Kebugaran jasmani, Lansia,Usia, Jenis Kelamin



ABSTRACT

The Effect of Physical Activity on Physical Fitness in the Elderly Viewed from the

Perspekctive of Age and Gender 1Acep Rohmat Nurhidayat, 2Prof. Dr. Nurlan Kusmaedi, M.Pd,. 3Dr. Helmy

Firmansyah, M.Pd

Department of Sports Education, Postgraduate, Indonesian Education University,

Bandung, Indonesia

[email protected]

Physical fitness is very necessary in the life of the elderly. There are many ways to get

physical fitness, one of which is doing structured physical activity, physical activity is

very good for the body, because without realizing it often doing physical activity makes

the body fit and healthy. This study aims to determine the effect of physical activity on

physical fitness in the elderly in terms of age and gender perspective. This research uses

an ex post facto study. The sample used was 20 people aged >60 years (L=10, P=10) for

non-elderly 20 people (L=10, P=10). The instruments used are Health Related Physical

Fitness and Fitness Of Older Adult tests. Comparative Analysis of the Indicators of the

functional fitness of the elderly. The results showed that there were differences in

physical fitness based on age and gender, the level of physical fitness for the elderly male

was around 0.15%, for the female elderly it was around 0.175%, while for the male pre-

elderly category the fitness level was around 0.175% and for the pre-elderly women about

0.125%. There is a need for further studies related to the results of this study.

Keywords: Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, Elderly, Age, Gender



DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ i

ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... ii

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... iii

KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... iv

UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH .............................................................................. v

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR...................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR GRAFIK .......................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. x

BAB I ............................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Latar Belakang Masalah ...................................................................... 1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................... 7

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian................................................................................. 7

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................... 8

1.4.1 Manfaat Teoritis ........................................................................... 8

1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis ............................................................................ 8

1.5. Struktur Organisasi Tesis ..................................................................... 9

BAB II ............................................................................................................ 10

KAJIAN TEORI ............................................................................................. 10

2.1 Konsep Dan Teori Yang Relevan ....................................................... 10

2.1.1 Aktivitas Fisik ............................................................................ 10

2.1.2 Manfaat Aktifitas Fisik Pada Lansia ............................................ 11

2.1.3 Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Aktivitas Pada Lansia........... 12

2.1.4 Kebugaran Jasmani pada Lansia .................................................. 13

2.1.5 Health Related Physical Fitness Pada Lansia ............................... 15

2.1.6 Kesehatan ................................................................................... 18

2.1.7 Pengertian Lansia(Lanjut Usia) ................................................... 19

2.2 Penelitian Terdahulu Yang Relevan ................................................... 21

2.3 Kerangka Berfikir .............................................................................. 25



2.4 Hipotesis Penelitian ........................................................................... 26

BAB III........................................................................................................... 28

METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................................ 28

3.1. Metode Penelitian .............................................................................. 28

3.2. Desain Penelitian ............................................................................... 29

3.3. Populasi dan Sampel .......................................................................... 30

3.3.1. Populasi ..................................................................................... 30

3.3.2. Sampel ....................................................................................... 30

3.3.3. Variabel Penelitian ..................................................................... 31

3.4. Instrumen Penelitian .......................................................................... 33

3.5. Prosedur penelitian ............................................................................ 38

3.6. Analisis dan Pengolahan Data ............................................................ 40

BAB IV .......................................................................................................... 42

HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ................................................. 42

4.1 Hasil Penelitian ................................................................................. 42

4.1.1 Uji Normalitas ............................................................................ 43

4.1.2 Uji Hipotesis .............................................................................. 43

4.1.3 Hasil Kebugaran Jasmani ............................................................ 44

4.2 Hasil Uji Hipotesis ............................................................................ 50

4.3 Pembahasan Penelitian ...................................................................... 52

BAB V ............................................................................................................ 55

PENUTUP ...................................................................................................... 55

5.1 Simpulan ........................................................................................... 55

5.2 Implikasi ........................................................................................... 56

5.3 Rekomendasi ..................................................................................... 56

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 57



DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Desain ex post facto........................................................................ 29

Gambar 2. Tahapan pelaksanaan penelitian ...................................................... 39



DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik 1. Nilai rata-rata setiap Variabel Penelitian ............................................ 42

Grafik 2. Hasil Tes Kebugaran Pra Lansia Laki-laki Umur 45-59 Tahun ........... 44

Grafik 3. Hasil Tes Kebugaran Lansia laki-laki Umur 60 Tahun ke Atas ........... 45

Grafik 4. Hasil Tes Kebugaran Lansia laki-laki Umur 60 Tahun ke Atas ........... 45

Grafik 5. Hasil Tes kebugaran Pra Lansia Perempuan Umur 45-59 Tahun ......... 46

Grafik 6. Hasil Tes kebugaran Lansia Perempuan Umur 60 Tahun ke atas......... 47

Grafik 7. Hasil Tes Kebugaran Pra Lansia Perempuan dan lansia perempuan .... 48

Grafik 8. Perbandingan Kebugaran Jasmani Pra Lansia dengan Lansia ............. 49



DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Physical Activity To Quality Of Life In The Elderly.......................... 22

Tabel 2. Perbedaan Jenis Kelamin, Usia, dan Body Mass Index (BMI)

Hubungannya dengan Kebugaran Jasmani Lanjut Usia ..................... 22

Tabel 3. Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani Lansia Dikaji Berdasarkan Tingkat

Partisipasi dan Gender ..................................................................... 23

Tabel 4. Pengaruh Aktivitas Fisik Terstruktur Terhadap Peningkatan Persentase

Massa Otot Pada Anggota Sanggar Senam ........................................ 23

Tabel 5. Gambaran Aktivitas Fisik Pada Lansia Demensia Di Balai Perlindungan

Sosial Tresna Wreda Ciparay Bandung ............................................. 24

Tabel 6. Pembinaan Fisik Lansia melalui AktivitasOlahraga Jalan Kaki .......... 24

Tabel 7. Hasil Tes 6 MWT............................................................................. 34

Tabel 8. Hasil Tes CST .................................................................................. 35

Tabel 9. Hasil Tes CSRT ............................................................................... 36

Tabel 10. Hasil Tes ACT ................................................................................. 37

Tabel 11. Hasil Tes 8 FUGT ............................................................................ 37

Tabel 12. Tabel 4.1. Deskripsi Data ................................................................. 42

Tabel 13. Uji Hipotesis .................................................................................... 43

Acep Rohmat Nurhidayat, 2021 PENGARUH AKTIFITAS FISIK TERHADAP KEBUGARAN JASMANI PADA LANSIA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF USIA DAN JENIS KELAMIN

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

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