patofisiologi indera khusus dan keseimbangan

7/21/2019 Patofisiologi Indera Khusus Dan Keseimbangan

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PATOFISIOLOGI INDERAKHUSUS DAN KESEIMBANGAN

Dr. Milahayati Daulay, M.Biom!

D"artm# Fi$iolo%i

FK USU



P#y&a& Pru&aha# "a!aP#%lihata#' Ga#%%ua# "a!a (lo"a( mata,

)o#*u#)ti+a, )or#a, !a# u+a

' T(a#a# i#trao(ular%lau)oma-

' L#$a )atara)t-

' Rti#a

' ala##ya "#%lihata# !a#

+i$ual )ort/' Otot0otot ($trao(ular !a#

"r%ra(a# mata



La"i$a# Di#!i#% Bola Mata' Sclera

' Choroid

' Retina



Kom"o## Fu#%$i P#%lihata#' Fu#%$i r$"tor "#%lihata#

' Nr+u$ o"ti(u$

' ala##ya "#%lihata# ya#%mm&a1a !a#

m#!i$tri&u$i(a# i#2orma$i$#$ori( !ari mata ( 3NS

' Kort($"#%lihata#4m#r*mah(

a# $i#yal $#$ori$4%am&arya#% trlihat



Stru(tur Klo"a( Mata Ata$ !a#Ba1ah' Palpebra

' Palpebral fssure

' Canthus

' Tarsus

5 M#%a#!u#% (l#*ar$&um ya#% trmo!i6(a$i!i$&ut Kl#*ar Mi&om



Ti" Bl"hariti$ A#trior' Seborrheic

5 Brhu&u#%a# !%#$&orrha misal , (tom&-

!ari ram&ut atau ali$ mata' Staphylococcal

blepharitis

5 Di$&a&(a# olh

Sta"hylo)o))u$ "i!rmiti$atau S. auru$

5 L$i ul$rati2



Kom"o## Si$tm La(rimal' Kelenjar lakrimal

utama

5 Pro!u($i air mata

' Punctum dan tear sac5 M#%um"ul(a# air mata

' Duktus Nasolacrimal

5 M#%o$o#%(a# airmata ((a+um #a$i



Klai#a# "a!a 3o#*u#)ti+a' Conjunctivitis

5 Inectious conjunctivitis' Ba)trial )o#*u#)ti+iti$

' 7iral )o#*u#)ti+iti$' 3hlamy!ial )o#*u#)ti+iti$

' O"thalmia #o#atorum

5 !ller"ic conjunctivitis



Klai#a# "a!a 3or#a' 3or#al trauma

' Kratiti$

' Hr"$ $im"l/ (ratiti$

' A&#ormal )or#al!"o$it$

' Ar)u$ $#ili$



R8($ Pu"il' M#%atur u(ura# "u"il

' Di(o#trol olh SSO

5 Para$ym"athti) →"u"illary

)o#$tri)tio#5 Sym"athti) →"u"illary

!ilatio#



Ko#trol T(a#a# I#trao(ular' A9uou$ humor



Glau)oma' Defnisi

5 Nuro"ati o"ti( ya#%!ita#!ai olh a!a#ya(ru$a(a# "a!a !i$(u$o"ti(u$ !a# hila#%#yala"a#%a# "a#!a#%

' Penyebab

5 K#ai(a# t(a#a#i#trao(ular→(ti!a($im&a#%a# "ro!u($i !a#"#%luara# a9uou$ humor



3la$$i6)atio#$ o2 Glau)oma' !n"le#closure $narro%#an"le& vs' open#an"le$%ide#an"le-

5 Tr%a#tu#% "a!a lo(a$i,$ir(ula$i, r$or"$i

' Con"enital vs' ac(uiredcondition

' Primary vs' secondarydisorder

5 Primary

5 Secondary



Stru(tur L#$a' A+a$(ular

' Tra#$"ara#, ti"i$, la$ti$

' Bi(o#+($



Ga#%%ua# R2ra($i' )yperopia

' *yopia

' Presbyopia



3atara)t

5 K(ruha# l#$a→%a#%%ua# tra#$mi$i )ahaya

( rti#a5 P#y&a& %a#%%ua#

"#%lihata# tr&a#ya( !i!u#ia ya#% &r(aita# !%#"#uaa#



Fa(tor r$i(o u#tu( 3atara)t$' U$ia tua

' P#%aruh %#ti(

' P#%aruh li#%(u#%a# !a#

mta&oli(

' O&at:(orti(o$troi!

' Trauma; lu(a



Ga#%%ua# "a!a Rti#a' I$(mia rti#a

' Pa"ill!ma

' 3#tral Rti#al Artry

O))lu$io#

' 3#tral Rti#al 7i#O))lu$io#



Rti#o"athi$' Dia&ti) rti#o"athy

' Hy"rt#$i+ rti#o"athy

' Athro$)lro$i$ o2 rti#al

+$$l$

' Rti#o"athy o2"rmaturity



Ga#%%ua# Nural Path1ay$ !a#

3orti)al 3#tr$' 7i$ual 6l! !2)t$

5 Rti#al !2)t$

' Ga#%%ua# o"ti) "ath1ay$

' Ga#%%ua# 7i$ual 3ort/



Ga#%%ua# Pr%ra(a# Mata' !mblyopia

' Strabismus

5 A&#ormalita$ (oor!i#a$i

%ra(a# mata !a# %ari$luru$ mata

' Paralyti) $tra&i$mu$

' No#0"aralyti) $tra&i$mu$



P#y&a& Ga#%%ua# Tli#%aLuar' Srum# "ro"

' I#8ammatio# otiti$

/tr#a-

' Drai#a$ !ari tli#%a luarotorrha-



Ga#%%ua# "a!a Tli#%a

T#%ah !a# Tu&a Eu$ta)hiu$' +arotrauma

5 Kti!a(mam"ua#m#yama(a# t(a#a# !lmtli#%a t#%ah

' ,titis media $,*&

5 I#2($i tli#%a t#%ah

' ,tosclerosis

5 Pm&#tu(a# tula#% &aru !i$(itar $ta"$ !a# *#!lao+al 4 (tulia# "ro%r$i2



Ga#%%ua# !i Tli#%a Dalam' Tinnitus

5 Pr$"$i olh tli#%a ya#%

a&#ormal ta#"a a!a#ya$timulu$ !ari luar

' Tuli

5 Tuli Ko#!u(ti2

5 Tuli S#$ori#ural



Ny$ta%mu$

' Pr%ra(a# mata ya#%&r"utar ritmi$ !a#

i#+olu#tr $lama%ra(a# "r"utara#("ala

5 Pr%ra(a# #!olym"h !i

(a#ali$ $mi$ir(ulari$



Ga#%%ua# Fu#%$iK$im&a#%a#' -erti"o

5 Ilu$i a!a#ya "r%ra(a#

5 P#!rita !iam, li#%(u#%a#&r%ra( o&*)ti+ +rti%o- atau$&ali(#ya $u&*)ti+ +rti%o-

' *otion sickness5 7rti%o y% #ormal;6$iolo%i$

5 Di$&a&(a# olh $timula$i $i$tm+$ti&ular ya#% &rula#%0ula#%!a# ritmi$ mi$al "r*ala#a# !i!alam mo&il, "$a1at, !ll.



Ga#%%ua# P#)iuma#

' A#o$mia

' Hi"o$mia

' Di$o$mia

P#y&a&:

Kru$a(a# r$"tor

U$ia

P#ya(it: $i#!rom (allma#



D#%a# a!a#ya (orla$i $%ala ya#% !i)ium!ia$o$ia$i(a# .

A"a&ila a!a tumor &ul&u$ ol2a)toriu$ trt(a# t!( &i$a m#)ium a"a 5a"a

anosmia - u#ilatral ; &ilatral.

3ommo#! )ol!,rhi#iti$ !a# 8u hy"rtro6 )o#)ha anosmia

O&at 5 o&ata# i#halr - !aya "#)iuma#m#uru#.

)yperosmia !aya "#)iuma# ya#% &rl&iha# -Cacosmia $"rti m#)ium &au &u$u( -Parosmia a$o$ia$i "#)iuma# ya#% $alah

Hi$tria !a# $)hi<o2r#ia.

Sy#!, Fo$tr 5 K##!y tumor "a!a lo&u$

2ro#tali$ anosmia u#ilatrali$!ita#!ai !#%a# : "a"il atro6 i"$ilatrali$, a#o$mia

i"$ilatrali$ !a# "a"il!ma )o#tralatrali$.



Ga#%%ua# P#%)a"a#

' A%u$ia

' Hi"o%u$ia

' Di$%u$ia

4O&at0o&ata#:(a"to"ril



)ipo"eusia ("(aa# "#%)a"a# ya#%&r(ura#% "a!a ora#% ya#% $u!ah tua !a#"ma(ai o&at 5o&ata#,$"t : (a"to"ril,

"#i$ilami# !a# #ar(o&a.

!"eusia !aya "#%)a"a# &r(ura#% #a2$u ma(a# hila#% otitis media !a#!i$rtai anosmia i(ut mm"r&rat%a#%%ua#.

Dis"eusia !i$tor$i !aya "#%)a"a#.

Kom&i#a$i %a#%%ua# i#i &i$a !i*um"ai "a!a "o$ttrauma (a"iti$ !#%a# 2ra(tur "a!a basiscranii !a# tumor di ossa cranii'

L$i iritati pada uncus halu$i#a$i

"#%)a"a#.

L$i desturkti pada uncus Par%u$ia "#%)a"a# ya#% ti!a( $$uai !#%a#$timulu$#ya !a# &r$i2at ti!a( #a(

patofisiologi indera khusus dan keseimbangan

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