paling2018ukm theme: mutltidisciplinary linguistics...

UKM IIC 2018 | 13-15 November 2018 1

PALing2018ukm Theme: Mutltidisciplinary Linguistics Research

UKM IIC 2018 | 13-15 November 2018 2


Cetakan Pertama/First Publishing, 2018 Hak Cipta/Copyright

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2018

Hak cipta terpelihara. Tiada bahagian daripada penerbitan ini boleh diterbitkan semula,

disimpan untuk pengeluaran atau ditukarkan ke dalam sebarang bentuk atau dengan sebarang alat juga pun, sama

ada dengan cara elektronik, gambar serta rakaman dan sebagainya tanpa kebenaran bertulis daripada

Program Linguistik UKM terlebih dahulu.

Diterbitkan di Malaysia oleh/ Published in Malaysia by

PROGRAM LINGUISTIK FAKULTI SAINS SOSIAL DAN KEMANUSIAAN

UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA 43600 UKM BANGI, SELANGOR D.E.

UKM IIC 2018 | 13-15 November 2018 3


Contents

Keynotes Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin (PhD) Pelestarian Penyelidikan Dialek: Aplikasi GIS

7

Panel 1 Mohammad Fadzeli Jaafar Aspek Penguasaan Bahasa Dalam Kalangan Penutur Bukan Melayu Di Greater KL Norsimah Mat Awal Persepsi Penduduk Di Greater KL Terhadap Bahasa Kebangsaan Azhar Jaludin Transformasi Linguistik Malaysia Selepas Enam Dekad Merdeka: Introspeksi Sikap Dan Penguasaan Bahasa Kebangsaan Warga Greater Kl (2017 – 2019) Mohammed Azlan Mis Aspek Penggunaan Bahasa Kebangsaan Di Greater KL Berdasarkan Domain Pendidikan Dan Persahabatan

8

Panel 2 Muhammad Faiz Aizuddin Suhami, Fazal Mohamed Mohamed Sultan

Gis Dan Dialek Melayu Perlis Nor Azilawati Binti Mohd. Noor, Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin, Fazal Mohammed Mohammed Sultan, Harishon Radzi Konsep Ruang Dalam Varian Kata Kerja ‘Baling’ Dialek Kedah: Analisis Gis Harishon Binti Radzi*, Fazal Mohamed Bin Mohamed Sultan, Nor Hashimah Binti Jalaluddin, Junaini Binti Kasdan Menyingkap Penyebaran Dialek Di Di Pulau Pinang Menerusi Kajian Multidisiplin.

Amir Imran Bin Jamil, Fazal Mohamed Mohamed Sultan Variasi Leksikal Dialek Melayu Di Negeri Kedah: Kajian Geolinguistik

12

Panel 3 Intan Safinaz Zainudin Analisis Kata ‘Kuasa’ Dalam Korpus Hansard Parlimen Malaysia Azhar Bin Jaludin & Muhammad Zakwan Bin Mohd Izam Penukaran Kod Dalam Korpus Hansard Malaysia : Analisis Berpandukan Korpus Kesumawati A.Bakar, Norsimah Mat Awal, Azhar Jaluddin, Anis Nadiah Che Abdul Rahman Youth Revisited: Representations Of ‘Belia’ In Malaysian Hansard Corpus Norsimah Mat Awal, Azhar Jaludin, Anis Nadiah Che Abdul Rahman & Imran Ho-Abdullah Penelitian Tren ‘Kemiskinan’ Dan ‘Pembangunan’ Dalam Enam Dekad Di Malaysia Berasaskan Malaysian Hansard Corpus (Mhc)

15

UKM IIC 2018 | 13-15 November 2018 4


1 Noor Fazilahhanum Abdul Latiff, Sri Nor Syarima Juhari, Najatul Najwa Shafiqah Tajudin Penutur Dialek Kedah Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Uiam Pagoh: Analisis Sikap Dan Kefahaman

14

2 Nur Fatihah Ahamad Zahini , Siti Nor Hafizah Ramli,, Nurul Nasuha Mohd Noor Zaidi Sikap Dan Kefahaman Pelajar Uiam Pagoh Terhadap Dialek Negeri Terengganu: Kajian Sosiolinguistik 22

3 Mohd Shahdan Sadin Eufemisme Leksikal Masyarakat Bajau Samah Di Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

33

4 Ab. Halim Mohamad Penggunaan Konsonan [ذ، ز، ظ] Dalam Sistem Tulisan Jawi Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Agama Dan Bukan Agama

41

5 Rona Almos, Sonezza Ladyanna, Pramono Leksikon Flora Dan Fauna Di Lingkungan Danau Maninjau (Kajian Ekolinguistik

48

6 Mohamad Suhaizi Suhaimi, Muhammad Faizuddin Hashim, Sharil Nizam Sha’ri Visual Ilustrasi Dan Fotografi Pada Reka Bentuk Kulit Buku Agama: Satu Analisis Semiotik

56

7 Kenichi Namai Silent Pronominals In Mandarin Chinese

61

8 Maslida Yusof Analisis Struktur Kompleks Bahasa Melayu Berdasarkan Role And Reference Grammar (Rrg)

71

9 Reniwati Leksikon Yang (Hampir) Hilang Bahasa Minangkabau

77

10 Nurul Jannah Shahbuddin, Akhmal Hakim Mohamad Eufemisme Leksikal Dalam Dialek Melayu Melaka

84

11 Nur Faizzah Mohd Zalkanil, Rozaimah Rashidin), Norhazlina Husin Metafora Jenayah Seksual Pelacuran Dalam Akhbar Tabloid: Satu Analisis Teori Hibrid

92

12 Nurul Jamilah Rosly, Maslida Yusof Representasi Struktur Konseptual Bersama Representasi Ruang (Preposisi) Dalam Kata Kerja Gerak Bahasa Melayu

100

13 Kohji Kamada The Grammar-Parser Interplay: A Case Study Of (Heavy) Np Shift Constructions From A Cross-Linguistic Perspective

108

14 Suhaila Binsama-Ae, Maslida Yusof, Kartini Abd. Wahab Peranan Semantik Makro Dalam Ayat Pasif Bahasa Melayu Patani Berdasarkan Teori Role Reference Grammer (Rrg)

118

15 Urooj Fatima Alvi, Shafqat Rasool Investigation Of Intralingua Pragmatic Variation In Pakistani Elt Textbooks

127

16 Dewi Puspita The Semantic Changes Of The Word Tuan

137

17 Sharifah Raihan Syed Jaafar , Noor Azureen Hamid @ Ahmed Asimilasi Homorganik Nasal Di Akhir Kata Dialek Melayu Sarawak

145

18 Nurul Huda Mohd Saad, Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin Kerencaman Makna Imbuhan Awalan Men- Dengan Kata Nama Konkrit Unsur Alam Bahasa Melayu: Analisis Teori Relevans

155

UKM IIC 2018 | 13-15 November 2018 5


19 Firdous Muhamat, Sharifah Raihan Syed Jaafar Perubahan Pengguguran Konsonan Di Koda Dan Penyisipan Vokal Kata Pinjaman Arab Dalam Dialek Melayu Patani

163

20 Shahidi A.H., Mohamad Firdaus Azaharuddin, Rahim Aman Fonologi Dan Leksikal Subdialek Kuala Terengganu

181

21 Norhaniza Abdul Khairi, Shahidi A.H. Realisasi Kontras Penyuaraan Bunyi Plosif Awal Kata Dialek Melayu- Patani Di Lenggong Perak

198

22 Noor Fadilah Dawi, Zaitul Azma Zainon Hamzah, Che Ibrahim Salleh, Norazlina Hj. Mohd. Kiram ‘Aku’ Dalam Norma Interpretasi Masyarakat Di Sabah

198

23 Asiah Abas Analisis Kesalahan Penggunaan Nama Arab Dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Melayu

206

24 R. Kunjana Rahardi Phatic Functions In Specific Culture-Based Conversational Discourse Of The Indonesian Education And Family Domains

212

25 Yuliana Setyaningsih, R. Kunjana Rahardi The Degree Of Coherence In The Preschooler's Expository Descriptive Writing

224

26 Rishe Purnama Dewi The Development Of Indonesian Instructional Materials For Foreign Language Learners In The Pragmatic Perspective

234

27 Zaharom Bin Ridzwan, Norwati Binti Md. Yusuf Pola Terjemahan Kata Kerja Perintah Dalam Surah Al-Baqarah

240

28 Dina Amalia Ikramina, Putu Pramania Adnyana, Nazarudin, Faradilla Ichmawati, Mega Eka Putri Semiotic Study Of Korean Singer Iu’s Song Lyrics: Portrait Of Young Adulthood

249

29 Harishon Binti Radzi, Fazal Mohamed Mohamed Sultan, Nor Hashimah Binti Jalaluddin, Junaini Binti Kasdan Menyingkap Penyebaran Dialek Di Pulau Pinang Menerusi Kajian Multidisiplin

257

30 A. A. Sri Laksmi Paramitha, Bernadette Kushartanti The Concept Of Cinta ‘Love’ By Indonesian School Aged Children

269

31 Faradilla Ichmawati, Putu Pramania Adnyana, Nazarudin, Dina Amalia Ikramina, Mega Eka Putri Analysis Of Adjective In Korean Song Lyrics: Sign Of Depression In Jonghyun’s Songs

276

32 Thidarat Pruprong, Yaowaret Tharawoot Language Functions Of English Memorandum Of Understanding Of Universities In Thailand

284

33 Nur Fathia Rahma Fauzia, Lilie Suratminto, S.S., M.A, Untung Yuwono, S.S Myths On The Color Terms Used In Cosmetics According To Millennials In Jakarta

293

34 Noraisikin Ghazali ,Mohammad Fadzeli Jaafar, Harishon Radzi Peralihan Bahasa Cham Dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Cham Malaysia

303

35 Hasmidar Hassan, Mardian Shah Omar, Salinah Jaafar,Intan Marlina Tahap Penguasaan Ragam Ayat Pasif Dan Ayat Songsang Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Asing.

312

36 Nurilmiyah Binti Ahmad, Suziana Mat Saad Isu Bahasa Dalam Kes Victoria Jayaseele Martin Lwn Majlis And Anor: Kajian Semantik-Korpus

320

37 Faris Fakhira Tauran, Zaitul Azma Zainon Hamzah Implisit Judul Berita Pilihan Raya Umum Ke-14 329

UKM IIC 2018 | 13-15 November 2018 6


38 Filia, Nazarudin, M. A. Transcribing Japanese Spoken Language Using Elan As Annotator Machine

337

39 Nurul Aishah Mohd Radzi, Normaliza Abd Rahim, Nor Azuwan Yaakob Wacana Tekstual Dalam Iklan Elektronik Atas Talian Youtube

345

40 Kalthum Ibrahim, Norwati Md Yusof, Harishon Radzi, Zaharom Ridzwan Tahap Penguasaan Lisan Bahasa Melayu Penutur Asing: Antara Persepsi Dan Realiti

355

41 Mohammed Azlan Mis Aspek Penggunaan Bahasa Kebangsaan di Greater KL Berdasarkan Domain Pendidikan dan Persahabatan

363

42 Noviatri, M.Hum, Aslinda, M.Hum Adverbia Kepastian Dan Ketidakpastian Yang Digunakan Dalam Media Cetak Lokal Di Kota Padang

368

43 Norwati Md Yusof, Nurul Suhadah Johar, Imran Ho Abdullah Kajian Leksikal Yang Berkolokasi Dengan ‘Kemiskinan’ Dalam Data Hansard Parlimen Malaysia 373

UKM IIC 2018 | 13-15 November 2018 275


Analysis of Adjective in Korean Song Lyrics: Sign of Depression in Jonghyun’s Songs35

Faradilla Ichmawati, Putu Pramania Adnyana, Nazarudin, Dina Amalia Ikramina,

Mega Eka Putri

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Korean Language and Culture Department, University of Indonesia

ABSTRACT This study discusses adjectives used in Korean men singer, Jonghyun’s song lyrics which can be seen as signs of depression. Jonghyun is Korean famous singer who committed suicide at young age due to depression. He wrote a confession note prior to his death which stated that could not fight against his depression. As one of the most significant health problems in Korea, depression can occur to anyone, including celebrity. Research related to characteristic and causes of depression have been widely conducted, while few attempts have been made to see the sign of depression through song lyrics. Thus, this research focus on analyzing adjectives in song lyrics to figure out how depression is represented in the lyrics. This research used 46 songs written by the singer which was released from 2015 to 2018. The method is descriptive analysis with semantic approach. Adjectives in corpus data first classified based on its meaning, which are adjectives that describe speaker’s feeling and thought, and adjectives that describe the characteristic of other people or thing. Former one is called subjective adjective and the later is objective adjectives (Goh, 2008). These adjectives are also divided into positive adjective and negative adjective. Result showed that overall negative adjective has higher percentage of appearance (54,75%) than the positive adjective (45,25%) that can be related with depression. The result also showed that positive-objective adjective (24,7%) has higher percentage of appearance than positive-subjective adjective (20,55%). This showed the singer’s tendency to see other positively rather than see himself the same way. Meanwhile, the negative-subjective adjective (34,2%) has higher percentage of appearance than negative-objective adjective (20,55%) which shows that the singer tends to see himself negatively and pessimistically. The use of positive adjective to comfort the listener can also be seen as a way to comfort the singer himself.

Keyword: Korean song, semantic, adjective, depression, sign

Introduction Differences in one’s life experiences may lead to different responses while facing a certain circumstance. This causes the emotional and stress intensity of each individual different in facing problems. However, if not managed well, the accumulation of the said stress will cause depression which could lead to suicide (Van Praag, 2004). In South Korea, depression has been one of the most significant and common health issues (Park and Kim, 2011). This is caused by a change of socio-cultural, economy, politics and the problem of population ageing. Meanwhile, the data of Mental Health from OECD (2016) shows that South Korea is the country with the highest suicide rate compared to other OECD countries. Singh (2017) also added that 90% of the cause of suicides is high level of stress and mental disorder. The rapid development of Korea’s economy started from the 1990s era triggered high demands and expectations in work environment. The competition in getting jobs has also increased. In addition to that, the education system which is considered ‘too demanding’ for students in Korea also caused stress and mental disorder such as depression that could lead to suicide.

35 This work is supported by Hibah PITTA 2018 funded by DRPM Universitas Indonesia No. 5000/UN2.R3.1/HKP.05.00/2018

mailto:[email protected]





UKM IIC 2018 | 13-15 November 2018 276


King (2004) stated that depression is a psychological disorder which made a person feel gloomy, sad and pressured. Depression could be influenced by three factors, which is biological, psychological and socio-cultural factor. The biological factor includes genes, brain structure and function, and also neurotransmitter which trigger someone to experience feelings and certain thoughts when facing a certain circumstance in one’s life. Meanwhile, the psychological factor related to one’s behavior and cognitive is pessimistic attitude and negative thinking. Socio-cultural condition can also trigger one’s depression, such as bad economy and financial condition. Depression may attack occurred to anyone, including public figures, such as Miley Cyrus, Demi Lovato and Lady Gaga who actually have good careers. One of Korea’s public figure with a quite successful career but experienced depression is Kim Jonghyun, or known as Jonghyun. He is the main vocalist of the Korean male idol group SHINee. Jonghyun died of suicide at the age of 27 on December 18, 2017 in his own apartment due to monoxide gas poisoning. Jonghyun also left a letter before he passed away, which he gave to a friend who is also a vocalist from the band Dear Cloud, Nine9. The letter contained Jonghyun’s deepest thoughts when battling depression within him until he couldn’t bear it any longer (Wang, 2017).

The case of suicide by public figures in Korea due to depression had also happened previously, as happened to actress Lee Eunju who passed away in 22 February 2005 and international model Daul Kim who passed away in 19 November 2009 (The Singapore Women’s Weekly, 2018). However, the suicide of Jonghyun really took the public and media by surprise, nationally and internationally. This is because Jonghyun is a member of SHINee which has a reputable career and is publicly known in Korea and internationally. Jonghyun also had a good image in media and had never involved in any scandals, so this incident has surprised many people. Hence, the sign of depression which triggers the act of suicide of the singer is interesting to be studied. This research attempts to analyze the signs of depression in song lyrics written by Jonghyun. Hauser (2017) stated that song lyric is a platform for a writer to pour his heart and thoughts into the form of words. Hence, the song lyrics written and sung by Jonghyun are believed to be able to represent his emotions and thoughts. Therefore, the research question in this study is how the signs of depression be represented through adjectives in Jonghyun’s song lyrics. Research related to characteristic, causes and medication of depression has been widely conducted, while few attempts have been made to see the sign of depression through song lyrics. Thus, this research focuses on analyzing adjectives in song lyrics to figure out how depression is represented in the lyrics. Research related to the issue of depression and suicide by adults in Korea has already been conducted plenty of times. A few of them were studies conducted by Cha (2011), Park (2014) and Jeon (2015). The result of Cha’s study (2011) stated that the dissatisfaction of adult Koreans towards their physical appearance contributed in triggering depression and the desire to commit suicide. Meanwhile, Park (2014) studied the rate of suicidal desire on Korean men and women and stated that the suicidal desire on women is higher than men, in the amount of 18,9% and 9,8%. Even so, the causes of depression on both genders are the same; depression, stress, marriage matters, financial and health issues. Jeon (2015) also stated a similar matter by adding that demographic issues such as age, education and living area also correlates to the issues of depression and suicidal desire. These three studies further prove that depression can trigger the desire to commit suicide of adults in Korea. On the other hand, the study that analyzes the signs of depression in literature has been conducted by Fitriyani (2014) and Hamidah (2015). Fitriyani (2014) discussed the symptoms of depression in the character of Tristan in the movie Tristan et Iseut. The character of Tristan experienced depression because the woman he loves is marrying his step father. With the reference of five manifestations of depression symptoms stated by Beck (2009), the result of this study showed that the character of Tristan experienced all of the depression symptoms which include the manifestation of emotion, cognitive, motivational, physical and vegetative. However, the most prominent manifestation is the emotional manifestation, seen through Tristan’s attitude that showcased anger, sadness and jealousy. While Hamidah (2015) discussed the symptoms of depression in the protagonist character in the novel Adultery written by Paulo Coelho, Linda. Linda experienced

UKM IIC 2018 | 13-15 November 2018 277


the signs of depression in the form of insomnia and the decreased enthusiasm for life caused by the monotone life routine Linda has lived. In addition to both of the studies about depression in novel and film above, the study discussing the symptoms of depression within Korean singer’s song lyrics have yet to be found. Considering the case of Jonghyun’s suicide that occurred in 2017 left strong evidences that showed Jonghyun’s symptoms of depression, this research aims to study the symptoms of depression delivered by Jonghyun through his song lyrics. Based on the elaboration above, the research question in this study is how symptoms of depression is portrayed in song lyrics written by Jonghyun. This research focuses on the analysis of adjective utilized by the singer in his song lyrics. Hence, this study aims to analyze the symptoms of depression in song lyrics written by Jonghyun, particularly through the adjectives. The analysis is conducted with a semantic approach to discover the meaning from the adjectives in Jonghyun’s song lyrics.

Theoretical Framework The language of Korea is an agglutinative language which classifies words into substantive (cheon), predicative (yongon), modifier (susikeon), interjection and particle (josa). Substantive can also be divided into noun, pronoun and number words, while predicative consists of verb and adjective (Goh, 2008). Verb and adjective are in the same category because both can be placed in the predicate position and must use a final ending (eomi) when used in a sentence. Even so, Kim (2002) said that Korean language does not have an adjective because what is usually considered an adjective is actually stative verbs. Heyvaert (2010) also stated regarding the issues emerging in semantic adjective categorization that is different from noun categorization. If nouns can be categorized based on its conceptual realm into hypernim and hyponym, this matter is difficult to apply to adjectives. Hence, Hayvaert (2010) divided adjectives into two categories, descriptive and relational adjectives. There are also two additional categories to accommodate the small groups of adjectives that cannot be categorized into the two previous categories, which is privative and conjectural adjectives, also evaluative adjectives. Relational adjective, which is the adjective that states the relation between the subjects with the noun object aimed. Meanwhile, descriptive adjective can form a sub-category to elaborate degrading or absolute adjective, scalar meaning, extensional or intentional meaning (Kamp, 1975). In reference to Goh (2008), in this study, adjective is seen as a different category of words compared to verb. Goh (2008) also explained that adjectives are usually iconic since it may portrays the characteristics of a noun or living being. This iconic adjective can be divided into subjective, objective and imperfect adjectives. Subjective adjective is an adjective stating the speaker’s thoughts or feelings, while objective adjective is the adjective explaining the one’s or other thing’s characteristics. While imperfect adjective is the adjective which in its usage requires complement. Example from each category can be seen below.

(1) Example of subjective, objective and imperfect adjective: a. Subjective adjective: apheuda (sick), gopheuda (hungry), seulpheuda (sad) b. Objective adjective:

x Asserting sense: dalda (sweet), sikkeurobda (noisy) x Asserting judgment: chakhada (nice), areumdabda (beautiful) x Asserting comparison: gatda (same), dareuda (different) x Asserting existence: itda (exist), eobda (not exist)

c. Imperfect adjective: anida (not)

The difference between subjective and objective adjectives can be seen clearly when utilized along with the adverb ‘jigeum’ (now). Subjective adjective can be utilized along with the adverb ‘jigeum’ (now) within a sentence, while this cannot occur in objective adjective. Hence, the word ‘gopheuda’ (hungry) can be used in the sentence ‘naneun jigeum bega gopheuda (I am hungry now)’,

UKM IIC 2018 | 13-15 November 2018 278


but the word ‘chakhada (nice)’ cannot be used in the sentence ‘naneun jigeum chakhada (I am nice now)’. This showed that ‘chakhada (nice)’ is an objective verb.

Research Methodology The method applied in this research is descriptive-analysis, which is analyzing data corpus based on the theoretical framework used in this research. The corpuses are lyrics of Jonghyun’s song released which was written by the singer himself. Song lyrics used in this research are 46 song lyrics that was released from 2015 to 2018. The first step of this research is identifying adjectives used in Jonghyun’s song lyrics. These adjectives are then classified into subjective adjective and objective adjective, and also positive and negative adjective.

Sign of Depression through Adjectives in Jonghyun’s Song Lyrics Based on the data of 46 songs written by Jonghyun released in 2015 to 2018, 477 adjectives had been found and could be further elaborated in the table below. The adjectives are categorized into subjective and objective adjectives, and further categorized into positive and negative adjectives based on the meaning and context in the song lyrics. Positive adjective is an adjective stating the positive feeling from the singer or objects around him. Meanwhile, the negative adjective is an adjective expressing negative feeling of the singer or objects around him.

Table 1. Adjective in Song Lyrics by Jonghyun from 2015 to 2018 Subjective Adjective Objective Adjective Year Positive Negative Positive Negative

2015 17 61 62 48 2016 31 2 16 24 2017 17 62 37 17 2018 33 36 3 11

Total 98 (20,55%)

163 (34,2%)

118 (24,7%)

98 (20,55%)

Based on the table above, it can be seen that negative subjective appears to have the highest number of occurrences (34,2%) compared to other types of adjectives. In addition to that, on the subjective adjective, the dominant adjective is negative adjective. This shows that the singer tends to think negatively about himself. Meanwhile, on objective adjective, the dominant adjective is the positive adjective (24,7%) which shows the singer’s tendency to judge the world around him positively. Furthermore, the adjective found in the corpus can also be categorized based on the dominant adjective on each category as seen on the table below.

Table 2. Dominant Adjective in Song Lyrics Written by Jonghyun from 2015 to 2018 Positive Subjective Adejctive

jotha ‘like’ (39), gwenchanta ‘okay’ (19), curious (14), gomapta ‘thank you’ (7), ttateuthada ‘warm’ (7), gunggeumhada ‘curious’ (5), ttoryeothada ‘clear’ (3), haengbokhada ‘happy’ (2), pyeonanhada ‘comfortable’ (2), singihada ‘amazw’ (1)

Negative Subjective Adjective

seulpheuda ‘sad’ (16), jichida ‘tired’ (13), sentimental (13), lonely (11), himdeulda ‘exhausted’ (11), siltha ‘hate’ (9), meonghada ‘daze’ (8), jotha ‘like’ (6), duryeobta ‘scared’ (5), buranhada ‘anxious’ (5), phigonhada ‘tired’ (5), apheuda ‘painful’ (3), phogeunhada

Positive Objective Adjective

jotha ‘good’ (9), beautiful (7), nice (7), areumdabta ‘beautiful’ (7), fine (6), hwaryohada ‘elegant’ (6), theukbyeolhada ‘special’ (5), yeppeuda ‘beautiful’ (4), wanbyeokhada ‘perfect’, phogeunhada ‘nica and warm’

Negative Objective Adjective

jakta ‘small’ (9), akkabta ‘unfortunate’ (5), chubta ‘cold’ (5), kkamkamhada ‘black’(4), ssikeureobta ‘noisy’ (3), eosekhada ‘awkward’ (3), eodubta ‘dark’ (3), igijeokida ‘egois’ (3), wiheomhada ‘dangerous’ (2), mugeobta ‘heavy’ (2)

UKM IIC 2018 | 13-15 November 2018 279


According to the data corpus, one of the negative subjective words with the most occurrences is the adjective lonely which appeared in the lyrical fragment below.

(2) Baby I’m so lonely so lonely naneun honja inneunggeomman gatayo. Jichin neol bolttaemyeon naega neoege hokshi jimi dwaelkka? Mani beogeoolkka? Baby I’m so lonely so lonely nado honha inneunggeoman gatayo. Geuraedo neoege ti nagi shireo naneun honja chamneungge deo iksukhae nal ihaehaejwo. Free translation: Baby I’m so lonely, I feel lonely. Seeing the tired you make me wonder if I am a burden troubling you. I’m so lonely, I feel lonely. Even so, I do not want to show you. I am used to keeping this all by myself, so please understand me.

(Lonely, 2017) The appearance of the word ‘lonely’ in the lyrical fragment above shows that the singer feels lonely yet still attempted to ask for help in order to overcome his loneliness. He also expressed his guilt because he thought he has become a burden for other people. This portrays one of the depression symptoms by Borrill (2000), which is guilt for a considerably long period. This can be seen through the singer’s behavior who has kept his guilt and finally poured it into his song lyrics. Hiding this thought and feeling apparently put so much pressure on himself, hence, he felt lonely because there is no one who knows his feelings until that time. On the same song in the lyrical fragment (2), there is also an appearance of a negative subjective word that can illustrate the depression within Jonghyun, which is the adjective himdeulda ‘exhausted’ and apheuda ‘painful’ in the following lyrical fragment.

(3) Uneun eolgullo na himdeulda hamyeon jeongmal naajilkka? Geureom nuga himdeulkka apeuda jingjingdaemyeon? Modu da gwaenchanajineunde. Free translation: Will I feel relieved if I cry while I complain about all the fatigue I have been feeling? If I complain about this pain will I trouble anyone? Although the reality is that I feel better.

(Lonely, 2017) The lyrical fragment above shows that the singer felt restrained in expressing his emotions, especially the one burdening him, which is represented by the adjective apeuda ‘painful’ and himdeulda ‘exhausted’. This is because even though the singer owns the right to complain about things that made him uncomfortable to other people, he feels guilty because it may become a burden for other people, as explained in the example (2). While in reality, the singer acknowledges the fact that by expressing his feelings, he will become relieved. Example (3) implicitly shows that the singer has kept his feelings all by himself all these time, which could trigger depression. In addition to the adjectives mentioned above, there is also another appearance of negative subjective word in the corpus which is jichida ‘tired’ in the lyrical fragment below.

(4) Mamkkeot ul sudo tto mam kkeot useul sudo eomneun jichin harue kkeut geuraedo geudae yeophimyeon eorinaicheoreom chingeoldaeda sum neomeogadeut utda nado eosaekhaejin nareul mannajyo. Free translation: I can not laugh and cry as my heart wishes. At the end of the day, I cry and laugh then act like a child beside you until I run out of breath. Even I am not accustomed to see myself like that.

(Harue Kkeut, 2015) In the lyrical fragment above, the singer shows that he has been keeping many things throughout his activities every day. This is similar with lyrical fragment (3) which shows that the singer is a dishonest figure in expressing his true emotions, like sadness for instance, that he keeps

UKM IIC 2018 | 13-15 November 2018 280


this matter to himself. The word jichida ‘tired’ in the lyrical fragment above can be interpreted as emotional fatigue experienced by the singer from keeping so many things and feelings to himself. The word jichida ‘tired’ also appeared in the following fragment.

(5) Uri soni noajin geuttaebuteo nae du nuni mereosseo ije nugurado joa sesange jichin nal nuga jom jebal anajwo, nunmure jeojeun nal nuga jom dakkajwo, himdeureohaneun nal jebal meonjeo nunchichaejwo monnan nal arajwo jebal nal doajwo. Free translation: Ever since our hands parted with each other, so does the both of my eyes, please anyone hug this tired self of mine, wipe my crying eyes, know that I am tired with all of these, help the miserable me.

(Noajwo, 2017) The appearance of the word jichida ‘tired’ in the lyrical fragment above shows that the singer has experienced an unfortunate thing that made him helpless, which is the end of a relationship with a person close to him. Borrill (2000) stated that one of the causes of depression is a life experience that can make someone feel traumatized, which can influence one’s way of thinking in facing difficult times. This can be seen through the singer’s behavior that was so helpless that he needed help from other people when he felt sad and hopeless. This experience could be the trigger or even increase his depression. Life experience that could trigger depression also appeared in the usage of negative subjective word nappeuda ‘bad’ and motwaeda ‘bad’ in the following lyrical fragment.

(6) Woo naega nappasseotji, naega motdwaesseotji, kkeutkkaji igijeogin bangbeobeuro nan woo naega motdwaesseotji neon ajik himdeulji kkeutkkaji na honjaman haengbokhan chueok Free translation: I am the guilty one, I am the bad one, and all these time I selfishly thought so. I am the bad one for exhausting you, only it is only me who think the memories between us is a beautiful one.

(Mianhae, 2015) The appearance of the word nappeuda ‘bad’ and motdwaeda ‘bad’ above is referring to the singer’s self which shows that the singer blames himself for the ending of someone else’s relationship. This shows that there is a cognitive pattern of the singer that makes him think negatively and keep blaming himself, which can trigger depression within one’s self. In addition to negative subjective adjective, there is also a positive subjective adjective in the corpus which is jotta ‘good’ that appeared in the following lyrical fragment.

(7) Jageun shilsuedo anjeolbujeolmothaseon nae moseupto useumyeo gidaryeo junggeotto neoppuniya nan cham undo joa Free translation: I feel so lucky to have you who wait for me while smiling when I was so worried over a small mistake.

(1000, 2015) The word jotta ‘good’ in the lyrical fragment above is referring to the existence of the figure ‘you’ who is very supportive towards the singer. Borrill (2000) stated that usually a person who suffer from depression can also experience anxiety. This can be seen through the singer’s behavior who feels anxious over a small mistake. However, the ‘you’ figure is able to help the singer in facing any worries and his anxiousness that the singer consider the said figure who has always supported him at

UKM IIC 2018 | 13-15 November 2018 281


that time luck. Borrill (2000) also stated that support from surroundings can also help sufferers of depression in going through their days. Other than the word jotta ‘good’, there is also a positive subjective adjective in the corpus which is the word gwaenchanta ‘it is okay’. The word gwaenchanta ‘it is okay’ appeared in the following lyrical fragment.

(8) Uriga salmyeonseo maeil shinnal suneun eopjana, uriga pyeongsaeng nunmul heullinggeotdo anijana. Gwaenchana gwaenchana harujjeum modu jechyeo dugo swieodo dwae. Free translation: This life is not only for fun or also not to be cried over forever. That is why it is okay to rest and release your boredom even just for a while.

(Naeil Jjeum, 2015) The appearance of the word gwaenchanta ‘it is okay’ in the lyrical fragment above shows that the singer tries to comfort the unmentioned figure to not push himself too hard throughout his days. The attempt to comfort someone else also indirectly expressed consolation toward the singer himself to be able to go through his daily life even if he has to fight the depression within him. Aside from the subjective adjective, there are also objective adjectives found in the song lyrics which is 45,25% of total adjectives found. The positive-objective adjectives appear in higher number than negative-objective adjectives. Example of positive-objective adjective can be seen in the word joa ‘good / lovely’ and theubyeolhada ‘special’ in lyrical fragments below.

(9) a. Jageumahan nun, neoui nunbichi joa. Oh, she is. Free translation: Your little eyes, your gazing look is so lovely. Oh, she is.

(Joa, 2016) b. Ni yegi jom he jwo. Hangsang naman marhetjana, geochanghal geo obseo sosohan

eodi gogi matjib hugina, geuron gotdo joa. Geuron ge theukbyeolhajana. Free translation: Tell me your story. It is always me who talking. Just trivial story like good place to eat, nothing bombastic. That kind of story is lovely, it is special. (You and I, 2015)

Most of positive-objective adjective used in the song lyrics describe the singer feeling

towards his loved one as can be seen in example (9a). The word joa ‘good/lovely’ is used to describe the singer’s positive feeling about the woman he admired. Meanwhile in example (9b), the joa ‘good/lovely’ also appeared again to describe the trivial story that he would love to hear from his loved one. The word theubyeolhada ‘special’ appeared along in the example (9b), showing that this kind of little thing is considered special by the singer. In other words, what singer perceived as positive in his surrounding is actually very simple and little things.

Conclusion The adjective with a negative context in song lyrics written by Jonghyun had portrayed the depression he experienced plenty of times, specifically the subjective negative adjectives. This shows that Jonghyun often thinks of himself negatively. This can be seen through his behavior that tends to think negatively towards something that occurred to him. This matter is accompanied by pessimistic and self-blame feelings. Moreover, Jonghyun also expressed his guilty feeling, even for his own sake, such as sharing things that are burdening him. Jonghyun chose to keep his feelings to himself because of the guilt and anxiety of being a burden to other people. At the end this has made him feel lonely because he felt like no one who understood his feelings.

UKM IIC 2018 | 13-15 November 2018 282


In addition to adjectives with a negative context, adjective with positive contexts found in song lyrics also expressed the depression he suffered from. This can be seen through his behavior who considered that the person who supported him as a luck that he could go through his daily life well when he was facing something in his life that could trigger depression. Jonghyun also portrayed comfort and support explicitly aimed for his listeners to live their life well, although Jonghyun has implicitly aimed the said comfort and support to himself who was battling depression. This study has showed that adjectives in song lyrics can illustrate the mental and psychological mental of the writer. This is referring to the function of song lyrics as a platform to express the write’s feelings and thoughts. The meaning of the adjective can be seen from the accompanying context, characteristic and word collocation. The author hopes that this study can increase the knowledge of literature study in linguistic, specifically psycholinguistic and semantics. References Boder, D. P. (1940). The adjective-verb quotient; a contribution to the psychology of language. The

Psychological Record, 3(22), 310-343. Borrill, Jo. (2000). All about depression. London: The Mental Health Foundation Cha, Seung Min. (2011). The association of problem solving style, interpersonal problems,

depression, suicidal ideation and body image satisfaction in a young healthy Korean adult. Journal of the Korean Society of Bilogical Therapies in Psychiatry, 17(2), 221-228.

Clore, G. L., Ortony, A., & Foss, M. A. (1987). The psychological foundations of the affective lexicon. Journal of personality and social psychology, 53(4), 751.

Fitriyani, D. (2014). Gejala Depresi Tokoh Tristan dalam Film Tristan Et Iseut: sebuah Kajian Psikoanalitis Gejala Depresi Tokoh Tristan dalam Film: sebuah Kajian Psikoanalitis. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FIB, 5(3).

Goh, Young-geun & Gu Bon-gwan. (2008). Urimal Munbeobron. Seoul: Jibmundang. Hamidah, E.R. (2015). A Study of Linda’s Depression in Doing Unlawful Affair in Paulo Coelho’s

Adultery. Doctoral Dissertation, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Hauser, C.V., Tomal, D.R., Rajan, R.S. (2017). Songwriting: Strategies for musical self-expression

and creativity. London: Rowman & Littlefield Heyvaert, F. (2010). An outline for a semantic categorisation of adjectives. In Proceedings of the XIV

Euralex International Congress, Leeuwarden, 6-10. Jeon, Hyeon Gyu. (2015). An empirical analysis of effects of depression on suicidal ideation of

Korean adults: Emphasis on 2008-2012 KNHANES Dataset. The Korea Content Society 15(7), 264-281.

Kim, M. J. (2002). Does Korean have adjectives. MIT Working Papers in Linguistics, 43, 71-89. Park, Eunok (2014). Suicide Ideation and the related Factors among Korean adults by gender. Journal

of Agricultural Medicine and Community Health, 39(3), 161-175. Park, J. H., & Kim, K.W. (2011). A review of the epidemiology of depression in korea. Seoul:

National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency Van Praag, H. M. (2004). Can stress cause depression?. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and

Biological Psychiatry, 28(5), 891-907.

paling2018ukm theme: mutltidisciplinary linguistics...

Documents