Marfuatun, M.Si.

Jurdik Kimia FMIPA UNY

Mahasiswa mampu menggunakan fitur-fitur Microsoft Word untuk menulis laporan dan artikel penelitian

Mahasiswa mampu menggunakan fitur-fitur Microsoft Powerpoint untuk presentasi dalam forum ilmiah

Mahasiswa mampu menggunakan fitur-fitur Microsoft Excel untuk analisis data Mahasiswa mampu menggunakan fitur-fitur Microsoft Excel untuk analisis data

Mahasiswa mampu menggunakan aplikasi kimia untukmembuat nama dan struktur senyawa

Mahasiswa mampu memahami manfaat dan carapenggunaan aplikasi kimia untuk penelitian di bidangkomputasi

Pertemuan Ke- Materi Kuliah

1 Pendahuluan, Unduh Jurnal

2, 3 Microsoft Word

4, 5 Microsoft Powerpoint

6, 7, 8 Fungsi Dasar Microsoft Excel6, 7, 8 Fungsi Dasar Microsoft Excel

9, 10, 11 Analisis Data PenelitianMenggunakan Excel

12 Menampilkan perhitungan kimiamenggunakan excel

13, 14, 15 Pengenalan Beberapa Aplikasi/ Software Kimia

16 UAS

KomponenPenilaian

Bobot

Aktivitas 15 %

Tugas 55 %

UAS 30%

Faithe Wempen, et.al. 2007. Special edition using Microsoft Office Word 2007. Que Publishing: Indiana

Lisa A. Bucki.2007. Teach Yourself VISUALLY Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007: Wiley Publishing, Inc.: Indianapolis

Gerard M. Verschuuren. 2008. Excel 2007 for Scientists. Holy Macro! Books: ChicagoRobert de Levie. 2001. How to use excel in analytical Robert de Levie. 2001. How to use excel in analytical chemistry and in general scientific data analysis.Cambridge University Press: Cambridge

Advanced Chemistry Development, Inc. 2013. ACD/ChemBasic Tutorial. Diunduh darihttp://www.acdlabs.com/

Avogadro Tutorial yang diunduh darihttp://avogadro.cc/wiki/Tutorials

Username dan Password Email untuk masukbesmart v2

Create A Document

I. Page and Section Breaks

Page breaks and section breaks are two useful features for controlling page layout in

MS Word. Breaks can be difficult to format properly if you have a need to switch the

orientation of a single page within a document or if you need to adjust the margins for one

page only.

Page Breaks

Page breaks are used to end a page without filling it with text. It marks the point at

which one page ends and the next page begins (while still being in the same

section/chapter).

Page breaks will exist on every page of any multi-page document, and they are

essential to creating a relationship between pages, allowing consistent formatting from page

to page. In other words, whatever adjustments you make on one page—orientation, margins,

columns, footers—will be applied to all pages. This is a feature of Word that is made

possible by the page breaks that are automatically or manually inserted.

There are three menu in Page Breaks i.e. Page, Column, and Text Wrapping. Page,

mark the point at which one page ends and the next page begins. Column, indicate that the

text following the column break will begin in the next column. Text Wrapping, separate text

around objects on web pages, such as caption text from body text.

Section breaks

Create a discrete area within the document. Sectioning off a selected paragraph,

object, or page isolates it from the rest of the document, allowing its content to be formatted

separately. Section breaks and page breaks are not mutually exclusive. Regardless of

section breaks, page breaks will continue to occur because they are necessary for every

new page within the document to exist.

There are four menu in Section Breaks, i.e. Next Page, Continuos, Even Page, and

Odd Page. Next Page, insert a section break and start the new section on the next page.

Continuos, insert a section break and start the new section on the same page. Even Page,

insert a section break and start the new section on next even numbered page. Odd Page,

the new section begin on next odd numbered page.

Insert a manual page break

1. Click where you want to start a new page.

2. On the Insert tab, in the Pages group, click Page Break.

II. Citing Sources

Once you find a source you’d like to cite, Microsoft Word 2007 can help you with the

process. Here are the steps to citing sources:

1. Open up the References tab, In Citations & Bibliography groups, click Style and you

can select APA or MLA style. Those are the two styles used at GU/MSB.

2. Click ON insert citation

3. Click ON add new source

4. Select your type of source at the top. Fill in as much of the form as you can. If the form

doesn’t have enough/the right info, you can click the Show All Bibliography Fields button

or fill in the rest by hand later

5. After you click Ok the in-text citation will be entered into the body of your paper.

6. Repeat this as necessary for all your sources. To change the information in any of these

sources:

a. Click Manage sources

b. Click Edit in the middle of the screen.

7. Now you’re ready to insert a bibliography into your paper (called References in APA style

and Works Cited in MLA style).

8. Click on the References tab.

9. Click on Bibliography and insert the bibliography. If you’re using APA style, you’ll need to

change the word “bibliography” to “references” at the end of your paper.

10. Now you need to double check and edit your bibliography/references/works cited.

FUNGSI PAGE BREAK

Page break berfungsi untuk memisahkan satu halaman dengan halaman berikutnya dan

atau satu bagian dengan bagian lainnya. Seperti memisahkan halaman judul dengan halaman

daftar isi, dan seterusnya. Dengan menggunakan page break maka setting antar halaman

maupun bagian dalam dokumen dapat dibuat berbeda.

Ada dua fungsi page break yang sering digunakan, yaitu Page Breaks dan Section

Breaks. Cara menggunakan page break adalah buka Page Layout, pilih menu Breaks, maka

akan terlihat ada dua grups:

Page Breaks digunakan untuk memisahkan antar halaman dokumen, namun setting

halaman-halaman dokumen tetap sama, misalnya format page number, header dan footer

antar halaman tetap sama. Terdiri tiga menu yaitu Page yang digunakan sebagai penanda

untuk akhir satu halaman dengan awal halaman berikutnya. Column mengindikasikan bahwa

teks yang dipisahkan oleh column break akan dimulai penulisannya pada kolom berikutnya.

Dan fungsi yang ketiga adalah Text Wrapping untuk memisahkan teks yang berada disekitar

objeks dalam halaman web.

Section Breaks, digunakan untuk memisahkan halaman, dan setting antar halaman dapat

berbeda-beda, misalnya untuk menyisipkan suatu halaman yang orientasinya landscape pada

dokumen dengan format potrait. Ada empat menu dalam Section Breaks, yaitu Next Page

untuk memulai bagian kedua atau selanjutnya pada halaman berikutnya. Continuos digunakan

jika bagian kedua/seterusnya masih dalam halaman yang sama. Even Page dan Odd Page

masing-masing digunakan untuk memulai bagian yang berikutnya pada halaman selanjutnya

pada halaman genap dan ganjil.

Analisis Regresi Sederhana

Analisis Regresi adalah sebuah teknik statistik untuk menyelidiki hubungan antara

dua atau lebih variabel. Variabel-variabel tersebut ada yang merupakan variabel bebas dan

variabel terikat. Analisis regresi ini ada dua macam yaitu analisi regresi sederhana dan

analisis regresi berganda. Analisis regresi sederhana adalah analisis regresi dengan satu

buah variabel independen, sedangkan analisis regresi ganda menganalisis lebih dari satu

variabel independen. Pada pertemuan ini akan dilakukan analisis regresi sederhana.

Contoh Kasus:

Hubungan antara konsentrasi dan absorbansi pada analisis larutan standar seng dengan

menggunakan SSA

Konsentrasi Absorbansi

0 0

0,25 0,048

0,50 0,095

1,00 0,204

1,50 0,284

Langkah-langkah analisis regresi sederhana:

1. Masukkan data x dan y pada lembar kerja excel

2. Pilih Ribbon Data. Pada sisi sebelah kanan terlihat Command Analysis, pilih menu

Data Analysis. Dialog dari perintah tersebut adalah:

3. Pilih Regression maka akan tampil dialog

4. Pada Input masukkan nilai X dan Y dengan melakukan blok pada sel yang berisi data.

Pilih Confidence Level dan masukkan tingkat kepercayaannya, misal 99% atau 95%.

Pada output pilih New Worksheet Ply dan ketikkan nama Sheet untuk menampilkan

output pada Sheet baru

Pada Residuals pilih Residuals Plots dan Standarized Residuals untuk menampilkan

tabel sisa dan grafik sisa

5. Klik OK untuk mengakhirinya

Dari Hasil Analisis diperoleh Output sebagai berikut:

SUMMARY

OUTPUT

Regression Statistics

Multiple R 0,998603983

R Square 0,997209914

Adjusted R

Square 0,996279886

Standard Error 0,007084669

Observations 5

ANOVA

df SS MS F

Significance

F

Regression 1 0,053818 0,053818 1072,236 6,26E-05

Residual 3 0,000151 5,02E-05

Total 4 0,053969

Coefficients

Standard

Error t Stat P-value

Lower

95%

Upper

95%

Lower

95,0%

Upper

95,0%

Intercept 0,000974138 0,004966 0,196152 0,857027 -0,01483 0,016779 -0,01483 0,016779

X Variable

1 0,192655172 0,005883 32,74501 6,26E-05 0,173931 0,211379 0,173931 0,211379

RESIDUAL

OUTPUT

Observation Predicted Y Residuals

Standard

Residuals

1 0,000974138 -0,00097 -0,15877

2 0,049137931 -0,00114 -0,18547

3 0,097301724 -0,0023 -0,37515

4 0,19362931 0,010371 1,690275

5 0,289956897 -0,00596 -0,97089

Grafik Regresi

-0,01

-0,005

0

0,005

0,01

0,015

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 Re

sid

ual

s

X Variable 1

X Variable 1 Residual Plot

0

0,05

0,1

0,15

0,2

0,25

0,3

0,35

0 0,5 1 1,5 2

Absorbansi

Linear (Absorbansi)

Interpretasi

1. Summary Options

Multiple R menjelaskan tingkat hubungan antara variabel independen (x) dan variabel

dependen (y). Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapat nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,9986...

yang berarti bahwa hubungan antara konsentrasi dan absorbansi adalah sebesar 99,86 %

R Square disebut sebagai koefisien determinasi yang menjelaskan besarnya pengaruh

variabel x terhadap variabel y. Nilai R Square 0,9972 artinya pengaruh konsentrasi

terhadap absorbansi sebesar 99,72% atau absorbansi ini dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi

hampir secara mutlak

Adjusted R merupakan nilai R Square yag disesuaikan sehingga gambarannya lebih

mendekati mutu penjajakan model dalam populasi

Standart Error merupakan kesalahan standar dari penafsiran

2. ANOVA

Menjelaskan apakah model dari persamaan regresi yang digunakan sesuai atau tidak.

Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah:

Ho : model regresi yang digunakan tidak sesuai

H1 : model regresi yang digunakan sesuai

Anggap kita menggunakan taraf signifikasi 0,05

Bandingkan Fhitung dengan Ftabel pada pada taraf signifikansi 0,05 dengan df1 = 1 dan df2=

3 yaitu 10.1280, maka Fhitung>>> Ftabel maka Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima, sehingga model

ini dapat diterima.

Taraf signifikansi F <<<0,05 jadi model ini dapat diterima

3. Coefficients

Setelah mengetahui apakah model yang kita gunakan sesuai atau tidak, maka kita

akan menguji apakah x mempunyai pengaruh yang nyata terhadap y. Hipotesis yang dapat

diajukan sebagai berikut:

H0 = Variabel x tidak mempunyai pengaruh yang nyata terhadap variabel y

H1 = Variabel x mempunyai pengaruh yang nyata terhadap variabel y

Hipotesis tersebut dapat kita uji dengan membandingkan antara nilai thitung dengan ttabel,

jika thitung> ttabel maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Pada data di atas nilai thitung = 32,75 >

ttabel = 2,35 pada p =0,05, jadi variabel x mempunyai pengaruh yang nyata terhadap

variabel y.

Residual Output

Menjelaskan selisih dengan nilai y yang sebenarnya dengan nilai y prediksi (ŷ).

Misalnya nilai y = 0,048, sedangkan nilai ŷ = 0,049137931, maka nilai sisanya adalah -

0,00114

Tugas:

Gunakan fungsi regresi untuk menyelesaikan kasus berikut ini:

1. Absorbansi larutan standar sianida yang diukur dengan menggunakan UV-VIS

No Kosentrasi Sianida

(ppm)

Absorbansi

1 25 0,026

2 50 0,043

3 100 0,088

4 150 0,107

5 200 0,181

2. Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Kontak Arang Aktif Terhadap Efisiensi Penjerapan Ion Logam

Zn (II) dalam Limbah Cair Industri Electroplating

No Variasi Waktu (Jam) Konsentrasi Rata-rata Zn (II) (M)

1 0 0,910

2 1 0,448

3 2 0,478

4 3 0,448

5 4 0,412

Catatan:

Untuk mencari nilai Ftabel dan ttabel anda dapat mengakses situs

http://www.statsoft.com/textbook

Diprotic Acid

Ka1= 8,20E-05 pKa1 4,0863796Ka2= 7,29E-06 pKa2 5,1373977

Kw= 1,00E-14 Mass Acid= 1,5401Ca= 0,023151 Molar Mass= 133,0Cb= 0,08267Va= 100Veq= 56,00942

Sresid2= 0,001842

pHexp H OH F Vb/Va(calc) Vexp/Va resid resid2m

2,78 1,66E-03 6,03E-12 4,75E-02 -6,65E-03 0,00E+00 6,65E-03 4,42E-05 1,66E-032,83 1,48E-03 6,76E-12 5,30E-02 -2,99E-03 8,10E-03 1,11E-02 0,000123 2,14E-032,9 1,26E-03 7,94E-12 6,18E-02 2,05E-03 1,21E-02 1,00E-02 0,000101 2,25E-03

3,05 8,91E-04 1,12E-11 8,55E-02 1,30E-02 2,16E-02 8,57E-03 7,34E-05 2,64E-033,13 7,41E-04 1,35E-11 1,01E-01 1,93E-02 2,71E-02 7,84E-03 6,14E-05 2,92E-033,26 5,50E-04 1,82E-11 1,33E-01 3,04E-02 3,71E-02 6,70E-03 4,49E-05 3,51E-033,31 4,90E-04 2,04E-11 1,47E-01 3,51E-02 4,12E-02 6,08E-03 3,7E-05 3,76E-033,36 4,37E-04 2,29E-11 1,63E-01 4,01E-02 4,69E-02 6,76E-03 4,57E-05 4,14E-033,42 3,80E-04 2,63E-11 1,84E-01 4,66E-02 5,16E-02 5,02E-03 2,52E-05 4,44E-033,47 3,39E-04 2,95E-11 2,02E-01 5,23E-02 5,65E-02 4,16E-03 1,73E-05 4,76E-033,52 3,02E-04 3,31E-11 2,23E-01 5,85E-02 6,16E-02 3,12E-03 9,74E-06 5,10E-033,56 2,75E-04 3,63E-11 2,40E-01 6,37E-02 6,71E-02 3,43E-03 1,17E-05 5,47E-033,6 2,51E-04 3,98E-11 2,58E-01 6,91E-02 7,21E-02 2,97E-03 8,81E-06 5,81E-03

3,64 2,29E-04 4,37E-11 2,78E-01 7,49E-02 7,71E-02 2,24E-03 5,03E-06 6,15E-033,68 2,09E-04 4,79E-11 2,98E-01 8,09E-02 8,20E-02 1,14E-03 1,3E-06 6,47E-033,71 1,95E-04 5,13E-11 3,15E-01 8,55E-02 8,66E-02 1,06E-03 1,12E-06 6,78E-033,74 1,82E-04 5,50E-11 3,31E-01 9,04E-02 9,21E-02 1,72E-03 2,96E-06 7,15E-03

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 0,25 0,5 0,75 1

pH

Vb/Va

Titration Curve

Page 1

3,74 1,82E-04 5,50E-11 3,31E-01 9,04E-02 9,21E-02 1,72E-03 2,96E-06 7,15E-033,79 1,62E-04 6,17E-11 3,60E-01 9,88E-02 9,71E-02 -1,69E-03 2,85E-06 7,48E-033,81 1,55E-04 6,46E-11 3,73E-01 1,02E-01 1,02E-01 -1,71E-04 2,91E-08 7,81E-033,83 1,48E-04 6,76E-11 3,85E-01 1,06E-01 1,07E-01 1,28E-03 1,64E-06 8,15E-033,87 1,35E-04 7,41E-11 4,10E-01 1,13E-01 1,12E-01 -1,02E-03 1,04E-06 8,47E-033,89 1,29E-04 7,76E-11 4,24E-01 1,17E-01 1,17E-01 2,35E-04 5,5E-08 8,79E-033,95 1,12E-04 8,91E-11 4,64E-01 1,28E-01 1,28E-01 -8,78E-04 7,71E-07 9,47E-03

4 1,00E-04 1,00E-10 5,00E-01 1,39E-01 1,38E-01 -4,60E-04 2,11E-07 1,01E-024,05E+00 8,91E-05 1,12E-10 5,36E-01 1,49E-01 1,48E-01 -1,18E-03 1,39E-06 1,07E-024,10E+00 7,94E-05 1,26E-10 5,74E-01 1,60E-01 1,57E-01 -2,61E-03 6,8E-06 1,13E-024,14E+00 7,24E-05 1,38E-10 6,05E-01 1,68E-01 1,67E-01 -1,39E-03 1,93E-06 1,19E-024,19E+00 6,46E-05 1,55E-10 6,45E-01 1,80E-01 1,77E-01 -2,59E-03 6,7E-06 1,25E-024,23E+00 5,89E-05 1,70E-10 6,77E-01 1,89E-01 1,87E-01 -1,70E-03 2,9E-06 1,31E-024,28E+00 5,25E-05 1,91E-10 7,18E-01 2,00E-01 1,97E-01 -3,26E-03 1,06E-05 1,37E-024,32E+00 4,79E-05 2,09E-10 7,51E-01 2,10E-01 2,07E-01 -2,62E-03 6,85E-06 1,42E-024,36E+00 4,37E-05 2,29E-10 7,85E-01 2,19E-01 2,17E-01 -2,56E-03 6,54E-06 1,48E-024,41E+00 3,89E-05 2,57E-10 8,27E-01 2,31E-01 2,27E-01 -3,95E-03 1,56E-05 1,53E-024,45E+00 3,55E-05 2,82E-10 8,61E-01 2,41E-01 2,37E-01 -3,53E-03 1,24E-05 1,59E-024,49E+00 3,24E-05 3,09E-10 8,95E-01 2,50E-01 2,48E-01 -2,14E-03 4,59E-06 1,65E-024,53E+00 2,95E-05 3,39E-10 9,30E-01 2,60E-01 2,57E-01 -2,78E-03 7,76E-06 1,69E-024,57E+00 2,69E-05 3,72E-10 9,64E-01 2,70E-01 2,68E-01 -1,94E-03 3,78E-06 1,75E-024,61E+00 2,45E-05 4,07E-10 9,98E-01 2,79E-01 2,77E-01 -2,11E-03 4,46E-06 1,80E-024,65E+00 2,24E-05 4,47E-10 1,03E+00 2,89E-01 2,87E-01 -2,28E-03 5,19E-06 1,84E-024,70E+00 2,00E-05 5,01E-10 1,08E+00 3,01E-01 2,98E-01 -2,84E-03 8,07E-06 1,90E-02

4,73 1,86E-05 5,37E-10 1,10E+00 3,08E-01 3,07E-01 -1,06E-03 1,13E-06 1,94E-02

Page 1

Diprotic Acid

4,78 1,66E-05 6,03E-10 1,14E+00 3,20E-01 3,17E-01 -3,05E-03 9,33E-06 1,99E-024,81 1,55E-05 6,46E-10 1,17E+00 3,27E-01 3,27E-01 -2,16E-04 4,68E-08 2,04E-024,86 1,38E-05 7,24E-10 1,21E+00 3,39E-01 3,38E-01 -1,08E-03 1,17E-06 2,09E-024,9 1,26E-05 7,94E-10 1,25E+00 3,49E-01 3,47E-01 -1,49E-03 2,22E-06 2,13E-02

4,91 1,23E-05 8,13E-10 1,25E+00 3,51E-01 3,57E-01 6,17E-03 3,81E-05 2,18E-024,98 1,05E-05 9,55E-10 1,31E+00 3,67E-01 3,67E-01 -2,97E-05 8,81E-10 2,22E-025,03 9,33E-06 1,07E-09 1,35E+00 3,78E-01 3,78E-01 -8,81E-04 7,77E-07 2,27E-025,07 8,51E-06 1,17E-09 1,38E+00 3,87E-01 3,87E-01 -3,04E-04 9,25E-08 2,31E-025,11 7,76E-06 1,29E-09 1,42E+00 3,96E-01 3,98E-01 1,43E-03 2,05E-06 2,35E-025,16 6,92E-06 1,45E-09 1,45E+00 4,07E-01 4,07E-01 -6,65E-05 4,42E-09 2,39E-025,21 6,17E-06 1,62E-09 1,49E+00 4,17E-01 4,17E-01 -1,53E-04 2,33E-08 2,43E-025,25 5,62E-06 1,78E-09 1,52E+00 4,25E-01 4,27E-01 1,79E-03 3,19E-06 2,47E-025,3 5,01E-06 2,00E-09 1,55E+00 4,35E-01 4,37E-01 2,05E-03 4,19E-06 2,51E-02

5,35 4,47E-06 2,24E-09 1,59E+00 4,44E-01 4,47E-01 2,71E-03 7,33E-06 2,55E-025,41 3,89E-06 2,57E-09 1,63E+00 4,55E-01 4,59E-01 3,66E-03 1,34E-05 2,60E-025,47 3,39E-06 2,95E-09 1,66E+00 4,65E-01 4,67E-01 2,05E-03 4,2E-06 2,63E-025,53 2,95E-06 3,39E-09 1,69E+00 4,74E-01 4,77E-01 2,70E-03 7,29E-06 2,67E-025,53 2,95E-06 3,39E-09 1,69E+00 4,74E-01 4,77E-01 2,70E-03 7,29E-06 2,67E-025,6 2,51E-06 3,98E-09 1,73E+00 4,84E-01 4,87E-01 2,64E-03 6,96E-06 2,71E-02

5,63 2,34E-06 4,27E-09 1,74E+00 4,88E-01 4,91E-01 2,61E-03 6,79E-06 2,72E-025,67 2,14E-06 4,68E-09 1,76E+00 4,94E-01 4,96E-01 2,48E-03 6,17E-06 2,74E-025,76 1,74E-06 5,75E-09 1,80E+00 5,04E-01 5,06E-01 2,02E-03 4,06E-06 2,78E-025,82 1,51E-06 6,61E-09 1,82E+00 5,10E-01 5,11E-01 8,13E-04 6,61E-07 2,80E-025,84 1,45E-06 6,92E-09 1,83E+00 5,12E-01 5,14E-01 1,88E-03 3,52E-06 2,81E-025,87 1,35E-06 7,41E-09 1,84E+00 5,15E-01 5,16E-01 1,09E-03 1,2E-06 2,81E-025,89 1,29E-06 7,76E-09 1,85E+00 5,17E-01 5,18E-01 1,32E-03 1,73E-06 2,82E-025,92 1,20E-06 8,32E-09 1,85E+00 5,19E-01 5,21E-01 1,76E-03 3,11E-06 2,83E-025,99 1,02E-06 9,77E-09 1,87E+00 5,25E-01 5,26E-01 1,31E-03 1,72E-06 2,85E-026,07 8,51E-07 1,17E-08 1,89E+00 5,30E-01 5,31E-01 8,83E-04 7,8E-07 2,87E-026,16 6,92E-07 1,45E-08 1,91E+00 5,35E-01 5,36E-01 6,90E-04 4,76E-07 2,89E-026,25 5,62E-07 1,78E-08 1,93E+00 5,40E-01 5,40E-01 5,42E-04 2,94E-07 2,90E-02

Page 2

6,25 5,62E-07 1,78E-08 1,93E+00 5,40E-01 5,40E-01 5,42E-04 2,94E-07 2,90E-026,32 4,79E-07 2,09E-08 1,94E+00 5,43E-01 5,43E-01 6,68E-04 4,46E-07 2,91E-026,39 4,07E-07 2,45E-08 1,95E+00 5,45E-01 5,46E-01 9,82E-04 9,64E-07 2,92E-026,48 3,31E-07 3,02E-08 1,96E+00 5,48E-01 5,49E-01 1,28E-03 1,64E-06 2,93E-026,54 2,88E-07 3,47E-08 1,96E+00 5,49E-01 5,51E-01 1,24E-03 1,55E-06 2,94E-026,56 2,75E-07 3,63E-08 1,96E+00 5,50E-01 5,51E-01 1,28E-03 1,63E-06 2,94E-026,62 2,40E-07 4,17E-08 1,97E+00 5,51E-01 5,53E-01 1,48E-03 2,21E-06 2,94E-026,7 2,00E-07 5,01E-08 1,97E+00 5,53E-01 5,54E-01 1,51E-03 2,27E-06 2,95E-02

6,77 1,70E-07 5,89E-08 1,98E+00 5,54E-01 5,55E-01 1,41E-03 1,99E-06 2,95E-026,88 1,32E-07 7,59E-08 1,98E+00 5,55E-01 5,57E-01 2,00E-03 3,99E-06 2,96E-026,92 1,20E-07 8,32E-08 1,98E+00 5,56E-01 5,58E-01 2,06E-03 4,26E-06 2,96E-026,97 1,07E-07 9,33E-08 1,99E+00 5,56E-01 5,58E-01 2,07E-03 4,3E-06 2,96E-027,02 9,55E-08 1,05E-07 1,99E+00 5,56E-01 5,59E-01 2,14E-03 4,56E-06 2,96E-027,08 8,32E-08 1,20E-07 1,99E+00 5,57E-01 5,59E-01 2,17E-03 4,72E-06 2,96E-027,2 6,31E-08 1,58E-07 1,99E+00 5,58E-01 5,60E-01 2,41E-03 5,81E-06 2,97E-027,3 5,01E-08 2,00E-07 1,99E+00 5,58E-01 5,61E-01 2,42E-03 5,85E-06 2,97E-02

7,52 3,02E-08 3,31E-07 2,00E+00 5,59E-01 5,62E-01 2,66E-03 7,06E-06 2,97E-027,73 1,86E-08 5,37E-07 2,00E+00 5,59E-01 5,62E-01 2,71E-03 7,34E-06 2,97E-028,08 8,32E-09 1,20E-06 2,00E+00 5,60E-01 5,63E-01 2,80E-03 7,85E-06 2,98E-028,85 1,41E-09 7,08E-06 2,00E+00 5,60E-01 5,63E-01 2,93E-03 8,56E-06 2,98E-029,41 3,89E-10 2,57E-05 2,00E+00 5,61E-01 5,64E-01 3,04E-03 9,21E-06 2,98E-029,72 1,91E-10 5,25E-05 2,00E+00 5,61E-01 5,64E-01 3,02E-03 9,13E-06 2,99E-02

10,05 8,91E-11 1,12E-04 2,00E+00 5,62E-01 5,65E-01 2,89E-03 8,35E-06 3,00E-0210,24 5,75E-11 1,74E-04 2,00E+00 5,63E-01 5,66E-01 2,72E-03 7,41E-06 3,01E-0210,32 4,79E-11 2,09E-04 2,00E+00 5,64E-01 5,67E-01 2,55E-03 6,53E-06 3,01E-0210,39 4,07E-11 2,45E-04 2,00E+00 5,65E-01 5,67E-01 2,36E-03 5,58E-06 3,02E-02

Page 2

Diprotic Acid

10,5 3,16E-11 3,16E-04 2,00E+00 5,66E-01 5,68E-01 2,02E-03 4,07E-06 3,03E-0210,56 2,75E-11 3,63E-04 2,00E+00 5,67E-01 5,69E-01 1,62E-03 2,64E-06 3,03E-0210,6 2,51E-11 3,98E-04 2,00E+00 5,68E-01 5,69E-01 1,46E-03 2,12E-06 3,04E-02

10,69 2,04E-11 4,90E-04 2,00E+00 5,69E-01 5,71E-01 1,61E-03 2,59E-06 3,05E-0210,72 1,91E-11 5,25E-04 2,00E+00 5,70E-01 5,71E-01 1,14E-03 1,3E-06 3,06E-0210,82 1,51E-11 6,61E-04 2,00E+00 5,73E-01 5,73E-01 3,38E-04 1,14E-07 3,08E-0210,84 1,45E-11 6,92E-04 2,00E+00 5,73E-01 5,73E-01 -5,96E-05 3,56E-09 3,08E-0210,97 1,07E-11 9,33E-04 2,00E+00 5,78E-01 5,77E-01 -1,31E-03 1,71E-06 3,12E-02

11 1,00E-11 1,00E-03 2,00E+00 5,79E-01 5,77E-01 -2,10E-03 4,39E-06 3,13E-0211,07 8,51E-12 1,17E-03 2,00E+00 5,83E-01 5,79E-01 -3,49E-03 1,21E-05 3,15E-0211,13 7,41E-12 1,35E-03 2,00E+00 5,86E-01 5,82E-01 -4,37E-03 1,91E-05 3,17E-0211,21 6,17E-12 1,62E-03 2,00E+00 5,91E-01 5,85E-01 -6,31E-03 3,98E-05 3,21E-0211,24 5,75E-12 1,74E-03 2,00E+00 5,94E-01 5,86E-01 -7,49E-03 5,61E-05 3,23E-0211,27 5,37E-12 1,86E-03 2,00E+00 5,96E-01 5,89E-01 -7,14E-03 5,1E-05 3,25E-0211,32 4,79E-12 2,09E-03 2,00E+00 6,01E-01 5,90E-01 -1,04E-02 0,000109 3,28E-0211,37 4,27E-12 2,34E-03 2,00E+00 6,06E-01 5,94E-01 -1,20E-02 0,000145 3,31E-0211,42 3,80E-12 2,63E-03 2,00E+00 6,11E-01 5,98E-01 -1,33E-02 0,000176 3,36E-0211,45 3,55E-12 2,82E-03 2,00E+00 6,15E-01 6,00E-01 -1,51E-02 0,000227 3,38E-0211,51 3,09E-12 3,24E-03 2,00E+00 6,24E-01 6,06E-01 -1,75E-02 0,000308 3,44E-0211,56 2,75E-12 3,63E-03 2,00E+00 6,32E-01 6,12E-01 -1,97E-02 0,000386 3,50E-0211,6 2,51E-12 3,98E-03 2,00E+00 6,39E-01 6,17E-01 -2,24E-02 0,000503 3,55E-02

11,63 2,34E-12 4,27E-03 2,00E+00 6,45E-01 6,21E-01 -2,39E-02 0,00057 3,59E-0211,66 2,19E-12 4,57E-03 2,00E+00 6,51E-01 6,26E-01 -2,53E-02 0,00064 3,64E-0211,69 2,04E-12 4,90E-03 2,00E+00 6,58E-01 6,31E-01 -2,72E-02 0,000742 3,69E-0211,72 1,91E-12 5,25E-03 2,00E+00 6,66E-01 6,36E-01 -2,97E-02 0,000885 3,74E-0211,74 1,82E-12 5,50E-03 2,00E+00 6,71E-01 6,41E-01 -3,01E-02 0,000905 3,78E-0211,79 1,62E-12 6,17E-03 2,00E+00 6,86E-01 6,51E-01 -3,47E-02 0,001206 3,88E-0211,83 1,48E-12 6,76E-03 2,00E+00 6,99E-01 6,61E-01 -3,79E-02 0,00144 3,97E-0211,86 1,38E-12 7,24E-03 2,00E+00 7,10E-01 6,71E-01 -3,88E-02 0,001508 4,04E-0211,89 1,29E-12 7,76E-03 2,00E+00 7,22E-01 6,81E-01 -4,07E-02 0,001653 4,13E-0211,92 1,20E-12 8,32E-03 2,00E+00 7,35E-01 6,91E-01 -4,35E-02 0,001894 4,21E-02

Page 3

11,92 1,20E-12 8,32E-03 2,00E+00 7,35E-01 6,91E-01 -4,35E-02 0,001894 4,21E-0211,95 1,12E-12 8,91E-03 2,00E+00 7,49E-01 7,01E-01 -4,75E-02 0,002257 4,30E-0211,98 1,05E-12 9,55E-03 2,00E+00 7,64E-01 7,12E-01 -5,23E-02 0,00273 4,39E-0211,99 1,02E-12 9,77E-03 2,00E+00 7,69E-01 7,21E-01 -4,81E-02 0,002317 4,44E-0212,02 9,55E-13 1,05E-02 2,00E+00 7,86E-01 7,31E-01 -5,53E-02 0,003054 4,54E-0212,07 8,51E-13 1,17E-02 2,00E+00 8,19E-01 7,71E-01 -4,74E-02 0,002251 4,77E-0212,08 8,32E-13 1,20E-02 2,00E+00 8,26E-01 7,82E-01 -4,40E-02 0,001935 4,83E-0212,14 7,24E-13 1,38E-02 2,00E+00 8,73E-01 8,26E-01 -4,67E-02 0,002181 5,12E-0212,15 7,08E-13 1,41E-02 2,00E+00 8,82E-01 8,45E-01 -3,65E-02 0,001332 5,20E-0212,16 6,92E-13 1,45E-02 2,00E+00 8,91E-01 8,63E-01 -2,76E-02 0,00076 5,28E-0212,18 6,61E-13 1,51E-02 2,00E+00 9,10E-01 8,93E-01 -1,66E-02 0,000277 5,41E-0212,19 6,46E-13 1,55E-02 2,00E+00 9,20E-01 9,07E-01 -1,27E-02 0,00016 5,48E-0212,2 6,31E-13 1,58E-02 2,00E+00 9,30E-01 9,24E-01 -6,02E-03 3,63E-05 5,56E-02

12,21 6,17E-13 1,62E-02 2,00E+00 9,41E-01 9,46E-01 5,25E-03 2,76E-05 5,64E-0212,23 5,89E-13 1,70E-02 2,00E+00 9,63E-01 9,56E-01 -7,33E-03 5,37E-05 5,74E-02

Page 3

Diprotic Acid

g(Davies) g(Paste Special/Values) Vexp

0,95484 1 0,00E+000,948928 1 8,10E-010,947755 1 1,21E+000,943576 1 2,16E+000,940761 1 2,71E+000,935393 1 3,71E+000,933211 1 4,12E+000,930104 1 4,69E+000,927779 1 5,16E+000,925342 1 5,65E+000,922882 1 6,16E+000,920267 1 6,71E+000,917998 1 7,21E+000,91581 1 7,71E+000,91374 1 8,20E+00

0,911837 1 8,66E+000,909624 1 9,21E+00

1,25

00,511,522,533,544,5

-0,01 0 0,01 0,02

pH

Residual

Page 4

0,909624 1 9,21E+000,907732 1 9,71E+000,905833 1 1,02E+010,903995 1 1,07E+010,902248 1 1,12E+010,900517 1 1,17E+010,897065 1 1,28E+010,89379 1 1,38E+01

0,890922 1 1,48E+010,888297 1 1,57E+010,885589 1 1,67E+010,883007 1 1,77E+010,880528 1 1,87E+010,878155 1 1,97E+010,875871 1 2,07E+010,873782 1 2,17E+010,871561 1 2,27E+010,86952 1 2,37E+01

0,867356 1 2,48E+010,865647 1 2,57E+010,863716 1 2,68E+010,862025 1 2,77E+010,860384 1 2,87E+010,858462 1 2,98E+010,857002 1 3,07E+01

Page 4

Diprotic Acid

0,855427 1 3,17E+010,853895 1 3,27E+010,852261 1 3,38E+010,85096 1 3,47E+01

0,849548 1 3,57E+010,848179 1 3,67E+010,846777 1 3,78E+010,845541 1 3,87E+010,844208 1 3,98E+010,843069 1 4,07E+010,841824 1 4,17E+010,840643 1 4,27E+010,839491 1 4,37E+010,838364 1 4,47E+010,83709 1 4,59E+01

0,836188 1 4,67E+010,835135 1 4,77E+010,835135 1 4,77E+010,834106 1 4,87E+01

0,8337 1 4,91E+010,833198 1 4,96E+010,83221 1 5,06E+01

0,831723 1 5,11E+010,831434 1 5,14E+010,831242 1 5,16E+010,831051 1 5,18E+010,830765 1 5,21E+010,830294 1 5,26E+010,829827 1 5,31E+010,829365 1 5,36E+010,82898 1 5,40E+01

Page 5

0,82898 1 5,40E+010,828708 1 5,43E+010,828454 1 5,46E+010,828185 1 5,49E+010,828051 1 5,51E+010,828006 1 5,51E+010,827872 1 5,53E+010,827739 1 5,54E+010,827651 1 5,55E+010,827474 1 5,57E+010,82743 1 5,58E+01

0,827386 1 5,58E+010,827342 1 5,59E+010,827298 1 5,59E+010,82721 1 5,60E+01

0,827166 1 5,61E+010,827078 1 5,62E+010,827034 1 5,62E+010,826988 1 5,63E+010,82693 1 5,63E+01

0,826838 1 5,64E+010,826726 1 5,64E+010,826485 1 5,65E+010,826241 1 5,66E+010,826108 1 5,67E+010,825971 1 5,67E+01

Page 5

Diprotic Acid

0,825704 1 5,68E+010,825542 1 5,69E+010,82541 1 5,69E+01

0,825015 1 5,71E+010,824909 1 5,71E+010,824412 1 5,73E+010,824317 1 5,73E+010,823424 1 5,77E+010,823215 1 5,77E+010,822612 1 5,79E+010,821973 1 5,82E+010,821022 1 5,85E+010,820647 1 5,86E+010,820118 1 5,89E+010,819467 1 5,90E+010,818572 1 5,94E+010,817531 1 5,98E+010,816926 1 6,00E+010,815475 1 6,06E+010,814096 1 6,12E+010,812948 1 6,17E+010,811962 1 6,21E+010,810902 1 6,26E+010,809803 1 6,31E+010,808662 1 6,36E+010,807762 1 6,41E+010,805599 1 6,51E+010,80364 1 6,61E+01

0,801954 1 6,71E+010,800222 1 6,81E+010,79844 1 6,91E+01

Page 6

0,79844 1 6,91E+010,796604 1 7,01E+010,794682 1 7,12E+010,793688 1 7,21E+010,791721 1 7,31E+010,787079 1 7,71E+010,786018 1 7,82E+010,780507 1 8,26E+010,779049 1 8,45E+010,777651 1 8,63E+010,775143 1 8,93E+010,773937 1 9,07E+010,772616 1 9,24E+010,77111 1 9,46E+01

0,769399 1 9,56E+01

Page 6

Triprotic Acid

Ka1= 2,21E-03 pKa1 2,66Ka2= 3,70E-05 pKa2 4,43Ka3= 8,28E-07 pKa3 6,08Kw= 1,00E-14 Mass Acid= 0,1955Ca= 0,0022059 Molar Mass= 177,3Cb= 0,08267Va= 100Veq= 8,005

Sresid2= 6,386E-06

pHexp H OH F Vb/Va(calc) Vexp/Va resid resid2

2,83E+00 1,48E-03 6,76E-12 6,20E-01 -1,33E-03 0,00E+00 1,33E-03 1,77553E-062,98E+00 1,05E-03 9,55E-12 7,09E-01 6,19E-03 6,70E-03 5,15E-04 2,65219E-073,05E+00 8,91E-04 1,12E-11 7,50E-01 9,12E-03 9,50E-03 3,78E-04 1,42521E-073,18E+00 6,61E-04 1,51E-11 8,21E-01 1,38E-02 1,36E-02 -1,98E-04 3,90645E-083,23E+00 5,89E-04 1,70E-11 8,47E-01 1,54E-02 1,52E-02 -1,66E-04 2,74714E-083,29E+00 5,13E-04 1,95E-11 8,77E-01 1,71E-02 1,67E-02 -4,05E-04 1,63793E-073,35E+00 4,47E-04 2,24E-11 9,07E-01 1,87E-02 1,85E-02 -2,07E-04 4,26827E-083,42E+00 3,80E-04 2,63E-11 9,41E-01 2,04E-02 2,00E-02 -4,27E-04 1,82408E-073,50E+00 3,16E-04 3,16E-11 9,80E-01 2,22E-02 2,17E-02 -5,32E-04 2,82702E-073,57E+00 2,69E-04 3,72E-11 1,01E+00 2,37E-02 2,36E-02 -9,82E-05 9,64626E-093,65E+00 2,24E-04 4,47E-11 1,05E+00 2,53E-02 2,53E-02 2,27E-05 5,14432E-103,77E+00 1,70E-04 5,89E-11 1,11E+00 2,75E-02 2,74E-02 -1,18E-04 1,38787E-083,83E+00 1,48E-04 6,76E-11 1,14E+00 2,86E-02 2,85E-02 -1,05E-04 1,10126E-083,89E+00 1,29E-04 7,76E-11 1,17E+00 2,97E-02 2,95E-02 -1,83E-04 3,33305E-083,95E+00 1,12E-04 8,91E-11 1,21E+00 3,08E-02 3,06E-02 -1,58E-04 2,50146E-084,02E+00 9,55E-05 1,05E-10 1,24E+00 3,20E-02 3,17E-02 -3,18E-04 1,01192E-074,08E+00 8,32E-05 1,20E-10 1,28E+00 3,31E-02 3,28E-02 -3,07E-04 9,42069E-08

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0,00 0,05 0,10

pH

Vb/Va

Titration Curve

Page 1

4,08E+00 8,32E-05 1,20E-10 1,28E+00 3,31E-02 3,28E-02 -3,07E-04 9,42069E-084,14E+00 7,24E-05 1,38E-10 1,32E+00 3,42E-02 3,40E-02 -2,06E-04 4,25148E-084,20E+00 6,31E-05 1,58E-10 1,35E+00 3,53E-02 3,50E-02 -3,16E-04 1,00014E-074,26E+00 5,50E-05 1,82E-10 1,39E+00 3,64E-02 3,62E-02 -2,36E-04 5,56424E-084,35E+00 4,47E-05 2,24E-10 1,45E+00 3,81E-02 3,77E-02 -4,27E-04 1,8254E-074,41E+00 3,89E-05 2,57E-10 1,49E+00 3,93E-02 3,89E-02 -3,57E-04 1,27405E-074,47E+00 3,39E-05 2,95E-10 1,53E+00 4,04E-02 4,03E-02 -8,27E-05 6,84104E-094,53E+00 2,95E-05 3,39E-10 1,57E+00 4,15E-02 4,13E-02 -1,99E-04 3,97525E-084,62E+00 2,40E-05 4,17E-10 1,63E+00 4,31E-02 4,27E-02 -4,46E-04 1,99159E-074,68E+00 2,09E-05 4,79E-10 1,67E+00 4,42E-02 4,40E-02 -2,19E-04 4,79264E-084,74E+00 1,82E-05 5,50E-10 1,71E+00 4,53E-02 4,51E-02 -1,67E-04 2,79567E-084,80E+00 1,58E-05 6,31E-10 1,74E+00 4,63E-02 4,72E-02 9,11E-04 8,30333E-074,87E+00 1,35E-05 7,41E-10 1,78E+00 4,74E-02 4,84E-02 9,55E-04 9,11212E-074,97E+00 1,07E-05 9,33E-10 1,84E+00 4,90E-02 4,91E-02 6,65E-05 4,42714E-095,03E+00 9,33E-06 1,07E-09 1,88E+00 5,00E-02 5,02E-02 2,47E-04 6,08876E-085,10E+00 7,94E-06 1,26E-09 1,92E+00 5,10E-02 5,14E-02 4,00E-04 1,59786E-075,18E+00 6,61E-06 1,51E-09 1,96E+00 5,22E-02 5,25E-02 3,29E-04 1,08277E-075,25E+00 5,62E-06 1,78E-09 2,00E+00 5,32E-02 5,36E-02 4,18E-04 1,7513E-075,31E+00 4,90E-06 2,04E-09 2,03E+00 5,40E-02 5,42E-02 1,56E-04 2,42665E-085,37E+00 4,27E-06 2,34E-09 2,06E+00 5,49E-02 5,47E-02 -2,09E-04 4,38201E-085,43E+00 3,72E-06 2,69E-09 2,09E+00 5,58E-02 5,57E-02 -8,19E-05 6,70386E-095,49E+00 3,24E-06 3,09E-09 2,13E+00 5,67E-02 5,66E-02 -6,63E-05 4,40189E-095,56E+00 2,75E-06 3,63E-09 2,16E+00 5,77E-02 5,76E-02 -1,18E-04 1,39695E-085,62E+00 2,40E-06 4,17E-09 2,20E+00 5,86E-02 5,86E-02 -3,99E-05 1,58998E-09

5,69 2,04E-06 4,90E-09 2,24E+00 5,97E-02 5,97E-02 -4,05E-05 1,63681E-09

Page 1

Triprotic Acid

5,75 1,78E-06 5,62E-09 2,28E+00 6,07E-02 6,07E-02 -5,32E-06 2,8303E-115,82 1,51E-06 6,61E-09 2,32E+00 6,19E-02 6,17E-02 -1,54E-04 2,36301E-085,89 1,29E-06 7,76E-09 2,36E+00 6,30E-02 6,28E-02 -2,22E-04 4,91374E-085,94 1,15E-06 8,71E-09 2,39E+00 6,39E-02 6,37E-02 -1,64E-04 2,68401E-085,99 1,02E-06 9,77E-09 2,43E+00 6,47E-02 6,47E-02 -8,82E-06 7,77972E-116,06 8,71E-07 1,15E-08 2,47E+00 6,59E-02 6,57E-02 -1,89E-04 3,58308E-086,12 7,59E-07 1,32E-08 2,51E+00 6,69E-02 6,71E-02 2,09E-04 4,36599E-086,19 6,46E-07 1,55E-08 2,55E+00 6,80E-02 6,81E-02 6,23E-05 3,88554E-096,26 5,50E-07 1,82E-08 2,59E+00 6,91E-02 6,90E-02 -1,50E-04 2,23683E-086,33 4,68E-07 2,14E-08 2,63E+00 7,02E-02 7,02E-02 -1,62E-05 2,61002E-106,4 3,98E-07 2,51E-08 2,67E+00 7,12E-02 7,11E-02 -1,28E-04 1,64701E-08

6,48 3,31E-07 3,02E-08 2,71E+00 7,23E-02 7,20E-02 -3,09E-04 9,56482E-086,56 2,75E-07 3,63E-08 2,75E+00 7,33E-02 7,33E-02 -2,22E-06 4,93128E-126,65 2,24E-07 4,47E-08 2,78E+00 7,43E-02 7,41E-02 -2,09E-04 4,38276E-086,76 1,74E-07 5,75E-08 2,83E+00 7,54E-02 7,53E-02 -8,18E-05 6,69215E-096,81 1,55E-07 6,46E-08 2,84E+00 7,58E-02 7,56E-02 -2,13E-04 4,55126E-086,87 1,35E-07 7,41E-08 2,86E+00 7,63E-02 7,60E-02 -2,87E-04 8,24812E-086,93 1,17E-07 8,51E-08 2,88E+00 7,67E-02 7,65E-02 -2,15E-04 4,64128E-08

7 1,00E-07 1,00E-07 2,89E+00 7,72E-02 7,68E-02 -3,61E-04 1,30425E-077,09 8,13E-08 1,23E-07 2,91E+00 7,77E-02 7,75E-02 -1,56E-04 2,44188E-087,19 6,46E-08 1,55E-07 2,93E+00 7,81E-02 7,77E-02 -4,15E-04 1,72505E-077,31 4,90E-08 2,04E-07 2,94E+00 7,86E-02 7,84E-02 -1,59E-04 2,51627E-087,47 3,39E-08 2,95E-07 2,96E+00 7,90E-02 7,87E-02 -3,03E-04 9,17861E-087,69 2,04E-08 4,90E-07 2,98E+00 7,94E-02 7,95E-02 8,64E-05 7,46812E-098,09 8,13E-09 1,23E-06 2,99E+00 7,98E-02 7,98E-02 -6,57E-06 4,31942E-118,96 1,10E-09 9,12E-06 3,00E+00 8,01E-02 8,03E-02 1,66E-04 2,75988E-089,5 3,16E-10 3,16E-05 3,00E+00 8,05E-02 8,07E-02 2,47E-04 6,09564E-08

9,76 1,74E-10 5,75E-05 3,00E+00 8,08E-02 8,12E-02 4,03E-04 1,62643E-079,93 1,17E-10 8,51E-05 3,00E+00 8,12E-02 8,16E-02 4,41E-04 1,94187E-07

10,16 6,92E-11 1,45E-04 3,00E+00 8,19E-02 8,26E-02 6,61E-04 4,36283E-0710,25 5,62E-11 1,78E-04 3,00E+00 8,24E-02 8,30E-02 6,24E-04 3,88824E-07

Page 2

10,25 5,62E-11 1,78E-04 3,00E+00 8,24E-02 8,30E-02 6,24E-04 3,88824E-0710,32 4,79E-11 2,09E-04 3,00E+00 8,28E-02 8,36E-02 8,15E-04 6,64306E-0710,38 4,17E-11 2,40E-04 3,00E+00 8,32E-02 8,40E-02 8,08E-04 6,53266E-0710,44 3,63E-11 2,75E-04 3,00E+00 8,37E-02 8,46E-02 9,41E-04 8,85213E-0710,49 3,24E-11 3,09E-04 3,00E+00 8,41E-02 8,49E-02 7,99E-04 6,37686E-0710,54 2,88E-11 3,47E-04 3,00E+00 8,46E-02 8,55E-02 9,02E-04 8,13383E-0710,58 2,63E-11 3,80E-04 3,00E+00 8,50E-02 8,60E-02 9,61E-04 9,23296E-0710,62 2,40E-11 4,17E-04 3,00E+00 8,55E-02 8,66E-02 1,08E-03 1,15981E-0610,66 2,19E-11 4,57E-04 3,00E+00 8,61E-02 8,69E-02 8,46E-04 7,15438E-0710,69 2,04E-11 4,90E-04 3,00E+00 8,65E-02 8,76E-02 1,11E-03 1,24047E-0610,72 1,91E-11 5,25E-04 3,00E+00 8,69E-02 8,78E-02 8,50E-04 7,2321E-0710,77 1,70E-11 5,89E-04 3,00E+00 8,78E-02 8,89E-02 1,10E-03 1,21519E-0610,83 1,48E-11 6,76E-04 3,00E+00 8,90E-02 9,01E-02 1,14E-03 1,3108E-0610,88 1,32E-11 7,59E-04 3,00E+00 9,01E-02 9,10E-02 9,48E-04 8,98969E-0710,92 1,20E-11 8,32E-04 3,00E+00 9,10E-02 9,22E-02 1,17E-03 1,37661E-0610,96 1,10E-11 9,12E-04 3,00E+00 9,21E-02 9,31E-02 1,00E-03 1,00479E-0611,01 9,77E-12 1,02E-03 3,00E+00 9,36E-02 9,46E-02 1,01E-03 1,0279E-0611,06 8,71E-12 1,15E-03 3,00E+00 9,53E-02 9,62E-02 9,39E-04 8,8146E-0711,09 8,13E-12 1,23E-03 3,00E+00 9,64E-02 9,74E-02 1,03E-03 1,07019E-0611,14 7,24E-12 1,38E-03 3,00E+00 9,84E-02 9,94E-02 1,01E-03 1,01977E-0611,19 6,46E-12 1,55E-03 3,00E+00 1,01E-01 1,02E-01 9,29E-04 8,63447E-0711,24 5,75E-12 1,74E-03 3,00E+00 1,03E-01 1,04E-01 3,59E-04 1,289E-0711,27 5,37E-12 1,86E-03 3,00E+00 1,05E-01 1,06E-01 7,62E-04 5,80916E-0711,32 4,79E-12 2,09E-03 3,00E+00 1,08E-01 1,09E-01 4,47E-04 1,99475E-0711,36 4,37E-12 2,29E-03 3,00E+00 1,11E-01 1,11E-01 1,68E-04 2,81842E-0811,4 3,98E-12 2,51E-03 3,00E+00 1,14E-01 1,14E-01 -1,95E-04 3,80298E-08

Page 2

Triprotic Acid

11,44 3,63E-12 2,75E-03 3,00E+00 1,17E-01 1,17E-01 -7,29E-05 5,31126E-0911,48 3,31E-12 3,02E-03 3,00E+00 1,21E-01 1,21E-01 -5,00E-04 2,50258E-0711,52 3,02E-12 3,31E-03 3,00E+00 1,25E-01 1,24E-01 -1,52E-03 2,29806E-0611,55 2,82E-12 3,55E-03 3,00E+00 1,28E-01 1,27E-01 -1,68E-03 2,83441E-0611,58 2,63E-12 3,80E-03 3,00E+00 1,32E-01 1,31E-01 -1,51E-03 2,29371E-0611,62 2,40E-12 4,17E-03 3,00E+00 1,37E-01 1,35E-01 -2,30E-03 5,31003E-0611,66 2,19E-12 4,57E-03 3,00E+00 1,43E-01 1,41E-01 -2,56E-03 6,56212E-0611,7 2,00E-12 5,01E-03 3,00E+00 1,50E-01 1,47E-01 -2,65E-03 7,04271E-06

Page 3Page 3

Triprotic Acid

m g(Davies) g(Paste Special/Values) Vexp

1,48E-03 0,95728 1 0,00E+001,60E-03 0,955665 1 6,70E-011,67E-03 0,954713 1 9,50E-011,77E-03 0,953417 1 1,36E+001,83E-03 0,952705 1 1,52E+001,87E-03 0,952158 1 1,67E+001,95E-03 0,951215 1 1,85E+002,00E-03 0,950583 1 2,00E+002,07E-03 0,94975 1 2,172,18E-03 0,948565 1 2,362,26E-03 0,947571 1 2,532,37E-03 0,946357 1 2,742,44E-03 0,945668 1 2,852,50E-03 0,945043 1 2,952,57E-03 0,944321 1 3,062,64E-03 0,943612 1 3,172,71E-03 0,942871 1 3,28

0,10 0,15 0,20Vb/Va

Titration Curve

00,511,522,533,544,55

-0,01 0 0,01 0,02

pH

Residual

Page 4

2,71E-03 0,942871 1 3,282,79E-03 0,94205 1 3,42,86E-03 0,941382 1 3,52,94E-03 0,940563 1 3,623,05E-03 0,939561 1 3,773,13E-03 0,938753 1 3,893,24E-03 0,937811 1 4,033,31E-03 0,937157 1 4,133,41E-03 0,936252 1 4,273,51E-03 0,935408 1 4,43,59E-03 0,934707 1 4,513,74E-03 0,933372 1 4,723,83E-03 0,932633 1 4,843,88E-03 0,932219 1 4,913,96E-03 0,931551 1 5,024,05E-03 0,930832 1 5,144,13E-03 0,930181 1 5,254,21E-03 0,929537 1 5,364,26E-03 0,92919 1 5,424,29E-03 0,928903 1 5,474,37E-03 0,928329 1 5,574,43E-03 0,927817 1 5,664,51E-03 0,927254 1 5,764,58E-03 0,926697 1 5,864,66E-03 0,92609 1 5,97

Page 4

Triprotic Acid

4,73E-03 0,925544 1 6,074,81E-03 0,925003 1 6,174,89E-03 0,924415 1 6,284,95E-03 0,923938 1 6,375,02E-03 0,923413 1 6,475,10E-03 0,922893 1 6,575,20E-03 0,922173 1 6,715,27E-03 0,921665 1 6,815,34E-03 0,921212 1 6,95,42E-03 0,920613 1 7,025,49E-03 0,920169 1 7,115,55E-03 0,919728 1 7,25,65E-03 0,919097 1 7,335,70E-03 0,918713 1 7,415,79E-03 0,918141 1 7,535,81E-03 0,917999 1 7,565,84E-03 0,91781 1 7,65,88E-03 0,917575 1 7,655,90E-03 0,917434 1 7,685,95E-03 0,917108 1 7,755,96E-03 0,917014 1 7,776,01E-03 0,91669 1 7,846,03E-03 0,916551 1 7,876,09E-03 0,916183 1 7,956,11E-03 0,916041 1 7,986,15E-03 0,915763 1 8,036,20E-03 0,915438 1 8,076,27E-03 0,915048 1 8,126,32E-03 0,914694 1 8,166,45E-03 0,913878 1 8,266,51E-03 0,913495 1 8,3

Page 5

6,51E-03 0,913495 1 8,36,59E-03 0,913041 1 8,366,65E-03 0,912677 1 8,46,72E-03 0,912201 1 8,466,78E-03 0,911868 1 8,496,86E-03 0,911385 1 8,556,93E-03 0,910973 1 8,67,01E-03 0,910502 1 8,667,07E-03 0,910138 1 8,697,15E-03 0,909656 1 8,767,20E-03 0,909367 1 8,787,34E-03 0,908545 1 8,897,51E-03 0,90756 1 9,017,65E-03 0,906733 1 9,17,81E-03 0,90585 1 9,227,95E-03 0,905055 1 9,318,17E-03 0,903871 1 9,468,40E-03 0,902596 1 9,628,57E-03 0,901716 1 9,748,85E-03 0,900202 1 9,949,17E-03 0,898555 1 10,169,50E-03 0,896908 1 10,369,76E-03 0,895581 1 10,571,02E-02 0,89355 1 10,851,06E-02 0,891787 1 11,11,10E-02 0,88991 1 11,37

Page 5

Triprotic Acid

1,14E-02 0,88774 1 11,721,19E-02 0,885582 1 12,051,24E-02 0,883425 1 12,361,29E-02 0,881525 1 12,681,34E-02 0,879437 1 13,061,40E-02 0,876763 1 13,511,48E-02 0,87376 1 14,071,56E-02 0,870521 1 14,71

Page 6Page 6

Differentiate

V, mL pH DV DpH DpH/DV V(ave) D(DpH)/DV2

2,00E+00 3 2,29E+00 3,3333E-01 1,45E-01 3,149157 -0,0176814,30E+00 3,3333333 3,56E+00 3,3333E-01 9,36E-02 6,075378 -0,0052217,86E+00 3,6666667 4,61E+00 3,3333E-01 7,23E-02 10,1598 4,67E-051,25E+01 4 4,60E+00 3,3333E-01 7,25E-02 14,76219 0,0055351,71E+01 4,3333333 3,51E+00 3,3333E-01 9,50E-02 18,81501 0,0204442,06E+01 4,6666667 2,18E+00 3,3333E-01 1,53E-01 21,65866 0,0746042,27E+01 5 1,20E+00 3,3333E-01 2,79E-01 23,34486 0,2588632,39E+01 5,3333333 6,45E-01 3,3333E-01 5,17E-01 24,2648 0,5511992,46E+01 5,6666667 4,12E-01 3,3333E-01 8,08E-01 24,79333 0,0014252,50E+01 6 4,12E-01 3,3333E-01 8,09E-01 25,20553 -0,5514012,54E+01 6,3333333 6,44E-01 3,3333E-01 5,18E-01 25,73338 -0,2596732,61E+01 6,6666667 1,19E+00 3,3333E-01 2,79E-01 26,65158 -0,0748962,72E+01 7 2,17E+00 3,3333E-01 1,53E-01 28,3341 -0,0205282,94E+01 7,3333333 3,50E+00 3,3333E-01 9,52E-02 31,1705 -0,0055483,29E+01 7,6666667 4,58E+00 3,3333E-01 7,28E-02 35,20975 4,36E-063,75E+01 8 4,58E+00 3,3333E-01 7,28E-02 39,78711 0,0055764,21E+01 8,3333333 3,50E+00 3,3333E-01 9,53E-02 43,8236 0,0207754,56E+01 8,6666667 2,16E+00 3,3333E-01 1,54E-01 46,65311 0,0780594,77E+01 9 1,17E+00 3,3333E-01 2,84E-01 48,32075 0,3056584,89E+01 9,3333333 6,00E-01 3,3333E-01 5,55E-01 49,20716 1,0573074,95E+01 9,6666667 3,20E-01 3,3333E-01 1,04E+00 49,66732 1,7859444,98E+01 10 2,19E-01 3,3333E-01 1,52E+00 49,93674 -0,7996865,00E+01 10,333333 2,50E-01 3,3333E-01 1,34E+00 50,17096 -1,6676885,03E+01 10,666667 4,37E-01 3,3333E-01 7,63E-01 50,51405 -0,5894395,07E+01 1,10E+01 9,07E-01 3,3333E-01 3,67E-01 51,18595 -0,1381665,16E+01 1,13E+01 2,01E+00 3,3333E-01 1,66E-01 52,64227 -0,0284195,36E+01 1,17E+01 4,69E+00 3,3333E-01 7,11E-02 55,98777 -0,0051875,83E+01 1,20E+01 1,23E+01 3,3333E-01 2,72E-02 64,46224 -0,0006957,06E+01 1,23E+01 4,44E+01 3,3333E-01 7,51E-03 92,77989 -0,0029091,15E+02 1,27E+01 -1,15E+02 -1,2667E+01 1,10E-01 57,48293 0,001917

Page 1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

pH

Volume NaOH, mL

Titration Curve

Page 1

Differentiate

Page 2Page 2

Differentiate

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

0 20 40 60 80 100

Dp

H/D

V

Volume NaOH, mL

First Derivative

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

0 20 40 60 80 100pH

)/D

V^

2

Second Derivative

Page 3

-2

-1,5

-1

-0,5

0

0,5

0 20 40 60 80 100

D(D

pH

)/D

V^

2

Volume NaOH, mL

80

Page 3

Differentiate

Page 4Page 4

Differentiate

Page 5Page 5

Ka's & pKa's

Carbonic Ka1= 4,45E-07 pKa1= 6,35Ka2= 4,69E-11 pKa2= 10,33

Fumaric Ka1= 8,85E-04 pKa1= 3,05Ka2= 3,21E-05 pKa2= 4,49

Maleic Ka1= 1,30E-02 pKa1= 1,89Ka2= 5,90E-07 pKa2= 6,23

Malic Ka1= 3,48E-04 pKa1= 3,46Ka2= 8,00E-06 pKa2= 5,10

Malonic Ka1= 1,42E-03 pKa1= 2,85Ka2= 2,01E-06 pKa2= 5,70

Oxalic Ka1= 5,60E-02 pKa1= 1,25Ka2= 5,42E-05 pKa2= 4,27

o-Phthalic Ka1= 1,12E-03 pKa1= 2,95Ka2= 3,91E-06 pKa2= 5,41

Succinic Ka1= 6,21E-05 pKa1= 4,21Ka2= 2,31E-06 pKa2= 5,64

Tartaric Ka1= 9,20E-04 pKa1= 3,04Ka2= 4,31E-05 pKa2= 4,37

Page 1Page 1

V.NaOH pH ∆ V. NaOH ∆pH DpH/DV V(ave) D(DpH)/DV2

0,00 1,00

10,00 1,17 10,00 0,17 0,017 5 0,000733

25,00 1,48 15,00 0,31 0,021 17,5 0,001105

45,00 2,28 20,00 0,80 0,040 35 0,005333

49,50 3,30 4,50 1,02 0,227 47,25 0,0206

49,75 3,60 0,25 0,30 1,200 49,625 0,249874

50,00 7,00 0,25 3,40 13,600 49,875 3,56E-17

50,25 10,40 0,25 3,40 13,600 50,125 -0,26595

55,00 11,68 4,75 1,28 0,269 52,625 -0,00406

60,00 11,96 5,00 0,28 0,056 57,5 -0,00097

0,00

2,00

4,00

6,00

8,00

10,00

12,00

14,00

0,00

-2,000

0,000

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Derivat 1

Derivat 1

-0,3

-0,2

-0,1

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00

Kurva Titrasi

Kurva Titrasi

0,3

0,2

0,1

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Derivat 2

Derivat 2