Kincir Angin1

Type Savonious:

Type savonious, atau dikenal dengan sebutan kincir angin sumbu vertical (VAWT= vertical axis wind turbine), lebih sederhana dalam konstruksinya. Tidak perlu ada pengarah angin, karena dapat berputar oleh tiupan angin dari segala arah, dan tidak akan mengalami overspeed. Kekurangannya adalah tingkat efisiensinya sangat rendah yaitu sekitar 40% saja, dibandingkan dengan kincir angin sumbu horizontal. Namun demikian, type savonious ini selalu dapat berputar walaupun tiupan angin rendah. Itulah sebabnya mengapa saya menggunakan kincir angin type ini karena dapat saya tempatkan disembarang tempat. Terlebih bila ditempatkan disisi jalan raya yang ramai kendaraan lebih menguntungkan, cuma ada rasa was-was takut dicuri! Ketinggian petempatan minimal 6 meter dari permukaan tanah, lebih bagus bila disekelilingnya terbuka.

Bahan-bahan:

1 baut batangan 6mm + mur

1 baut batangan 4mm + mur

2 bh triplex 6mm dibuat bulat uk: 23 cm

½ m plastik fiber yg tipis; atau ½ m seng plat tipis

pralon ½ in + 2 sok + 2 knee

2 bh laher no. 608ZZ

½ kg resin fiber + 1ons katalis

papan uk 35 cm sebagai dasar

2 psg mur+ baut 4mm pjg 3 cm

Cara membuat:

Setelah triplex dibuat bulat, tentukan titik tengahnya, bagilah menjadi 20 sudut. Dari titik tengah buat lingkaran 8.4 cm. Potonglah garis-garis miring (lih gambar) dengan gergaji besi. Bisa juga bila dibagi menjadi 12-16 sudu, karena lebih banyak daun lebih mudah berputar walaupun tiupan angin kecil.

Dari titik tengah juga ukur 5 cm pada tiap- tiap garis 45 derajat (4 titik). Gabungkan kedua triplex, lalu bor dengan mata bor 6 mm. Bor juga titik tengahnya dengan mata bor 8 mm. Pisahkan kedua triplex.

Potong baut batangan 4 mm menjadi 4 (@ 25 cm), lalu masukkan kedalam 4 lubang. Kencangkan ke 4 baut batangan tsb dengan mur luar dalam pada salah satu triplex. Dengan mur didalam pada ujung baut lainnya, masukkan triplex yg sisa, lalu samakan tingginya pada tiap-tiap baut, kemudian kencangkan.

Tentukan titik tengah papan, bagi menjadi 4 bagian, gambar lingkaran selebar papannya lalu bor. Taruh susunan coil diatasnya (lihat pada posting Membuat Generator), gunakan sekrup untuk mengikatnya diatas papan.

odel lain

Alternatif dengan pipa PVC

http://www.mdpub.com/

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http://www.yourgreendream.com

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http://windturbine-analysis.com

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http://www.velacreations.com/

http://www.otherpower.com

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http://www.greeleynet.com/~cmorrison/

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http://www.windstuffnow.com

http://www.windstuffnow.com

Situs Wind:

http://www.scoraigwind.com/http://www.otherpower.comhttp://www.mdpub.com

http://www.wondermagnet.comhttp://renewables4africa.com/http://www.windstuffnow.comhttp://www.yourgreendream.comhttp://www.energyplanet.comhttp://www.greeleynet.comhttp://www.instructables.comhttp://www.thebackshed.comhttp://sle e kfreak.ath.cx:81/3wdev/ /CD3WD/ INDEX.HTM

basic aerodynamic operating principles of windturbineshttp://www.awea.org/faq/vawt.html

Simple Car Battery Charger   -Naveen P N  Click here for the circuit diagram

This very simple circuit uses a transformer ,two diodes , a capacitor and an ammeter.To charge a battery just connect the + and - terminals of the circuit to the corresponding terminals of the battery.When the battery is not charged, the ammeter reading shows 1-3 amps.When the battery is fully charged the ammeter reads Zero or nearly zero, after which the battery should be removed from thecharger. The circuit is a full wave rectifier using 2 diodes for rectification. The capacitor is used for smoothing.I think the circuit works fine without the capacitor since the battery itself acts a BIG capacitor. But when you are using the

circuit to supply 12V (as a battery eliminator) the capacitor needs to be present.Care should be taken NOT to reverse the + and - terminals while connecting it to the battery.

Colour sensor is an interesting project for hobbyists. The cir- cuit can sense eight colours, i.e. blue, green and red (primary colours); magenta, yellow and cyan (secondary colours); and black and white. The circuit is based on the fundamentals of optics and digital electronics. The object whose colour is required to be detected should be placed in front of the system. The light rays reflected from the object will fall on the three convex lenses which are fixed in front of the three LDRs. The convex lenses are used to converge light rays. This helps to increase the sensitivity of LDRs. Blue, green and red glass plates (filters) are fixed in front of LDR1, LDR2 and LDR3 respectively. When reflected light rays from the object fall on the gadget, the coloured filter glass plates determine which of the LDRs would get triggered. The circuit makes use of only �AND� gates and �NOT� gates.When a primary coloured light ray falls on the system, the glass plate corresponding to that primary colour will allow that specific light to pass through. But the other two glass plates will not allow any light to pass through. Thus only one LDR will get triggered and the gate output corresponding to that LDR will become logic 1 to indicate which colour it is. Similarly, when a secondary coloured light ray falls on the system, the two primary glass plates corres- ponding to the mixed colour will allow that light to pass through while the remaining one will not allow any light ray to pass through it. As a result two of the LDRs get triggered and the gate output corresponding to these will become logic 1 and indicate which colour it is.When all the LDRs get triggered or remain untriggered, you will observe white and black light indications respectively. Following points may be carefully noted :1. Potmeters VR1, VR2 and VR3 may be used to adjust the sensitivity of the LDRs.2. Common ends of the LDRs should be connected to positive supply.3. Use good quality light filters.The LDR is mounded in a tube, behind a lens, and aimed at the object. The coloured glass filter should be fixed in front of the LDR as shown in the figure. Make three of that kind and fix them in a suitable case. Adjustments are critical and the gadget performance would depend upon its proper fabrication and use of correct filters as well as light conditions

Membuat Fuellcell Hydrogen Sederhana

http://sci-toys.com/scitoys/scitoys/echem/fuel_cell/fuel_cell.html

http://www.thesietch.org/projects.htm

Situs lainnya:

http://www.instructables.com/id/Generating-Hydrogen…-without-Batteries/Generating-Hydrogen…-without-Batteries.pdfhttp://www.instructables.com/id/Collecting-Hydrogen-and-Oxygen/Collecting-Hydrogen-and-Oxygen.pdfhttp://www.instructables.com/id/Separate-Hydrogen-and-Oxygen-from-Water-Through-El/Separate-Hydrogen-and-Oxygen-from-Water-Through-El.pdfhttp://www.instructables.com/id/Run-Your-Car-on-Hydrogen-from-Aluminum-Soda-Cans-a/Run-Your-Car-on-Hydrogen-from-Aluminum-Soda-Cans-a.pdf

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Jika saja mendapatkan komposisi yang pas maka semua mesin tidak lagi perlu BBM tetapi cukup dengan air sudah bisa berjalan!

Hayo bangsaku, ciptakanlah energi alternatif ini.

7 segment rolling display using PC     Click here for the circuit diagram

 It is very interesting and convenient to be able to control everything while sitting at your PC terminal. Here, a simple hardware circuit and software is used to interface a 7-segment based rolling display. The printer port of a PC provides a set of points with some acting as input lines and some others as output lines. Some lines are open collector type which can be used as input lines. The circuit given here can be used for interfacing with any type of PC�s printer port. The 25-pin parallel port connector at the back of a PC is a combination of three ports. The address varies from 378H-37AH. The 7 lines of port 378H (pins 2 through 8) are used in this circuit to output the code for segment display through IC1. The remaining one line of port 378H (pin 9) and four lines of port 37AH (pins 1, 14, 16, 17) are used to enable the display digits (one a time) through IC2. The bits D0, D1 and D3 of port 37AH connected to pins 1, 14 and 17 of �D� connector are inverted by the computer before application to the pins while data bit D2 is not inverted. Therefore to get a logic high at any of former three pins, we must send logic 0 output to the corresponding pin of port 37AH. Another important concept illustrated by the project is the time division multiplexing. Note that all the five 7-segment displays share a common data bus. The PC places the 7-segment code for the first digit/character on the data bus and enables only the first 7-segment display. After delay of a few milliseconds, the 7-segment code for the digit/character is replaced by that of the next charter/digit, but this time only second display digit is enabled. After the display of all characters/digits in

this way, the cycle repeats itself over and over again. Because of this repetition at a fairly high rate, there is an illusion that all the digits/characters are continuously being displayed. DISP1 is to be physically placed as the least significant digit. IC1 (74LS244) is an octal buffer which is primarily used to increase the driving capability. It has two groups of four buffers with non-inverted tri-state outputs. The buffer is controlled by two active low enable lines. IC2 (75492) can drive a maximum of six 7-segment displays. (For driving up to seven common-cathode displays one may use ULN2003 described elsewhere in this section.) The program for rolling display is given in the listing DISP.C above. Whatever the message/characters to be displayed (here five characters have been displayed), these are separated and stored in an array. Then these are decoded. Decoding software is very simple. Just replace the desired character with the binary equivalent of the display code. The display code is a byte that has the appropriate bits turned on. For example, to display character �L�, the segments to be turned on are f, e and d. This is equivalent to 111000 binary or 38 hex. Please note that only limited characters can be formed using 7-segment display. Characters such as M, N and K cannot be formed properly

Running Message Display         Click here for the circuit diagram

 Light emitting diodes are advan- tageous due to their smaller size, low current consumption and catchy colours they emit. Here is a running message display circuit wherein the letters formed by LED arrangement light up progressively. Once all the letters of the message have been lit up, the circuit gets reset. The circuit is built around Johnson decade counter CD4017BC (IC2). One of the IC CD4017BE�s features is its provision of ten fully decoded outputs, making the IC ideal for use in a whole range of sequencing operations. In the circuit only one of the outputs remains high and the other outputs switch to high state successively on the arrival of each clock pulse. The timer NE555 (IC1) is wired as a 1Hz astable multivibrator which clocks the IC2 for sequencing operations. On reset, output pin 3 goes high

and drives transistor T7 to �on� state. The output of transistor T7 is connected to letter �W� of the LED word array (all LEDs of letter array are connected in parallel) and thus letter �W� is illuminated. On arrival of first clock pulse, pin 3 goes low and pin 2 goes high. Transistor T6 conducts and letter �E� lights up. The preceding letter �W� also remains lighted because of forward biasing of transistor T7 via diode D21. In a similar fashion, on the arrival of each successive pulse, the other letters of the display are also illuminated and finally the complete word becomes visible. On the following clock pulse, pin 6 goes to logic 1 and resets the circuit, and the sequence repeats itself. The frequency of sequencing operations is controlled with the help of potmeter VR1.The display can be fixed on a veroboard of suitable size and connected to ground of a common supply (of 6V to 9V) while the anodes of LEDs are to be connected to emitters of transistors T1 through T7 as shown in the circuit. The above circuit is very versatile and can be wired with a large number of LEDs to make an LED fashion jewellery of any design. With two circuits connected in a similar fashion, multiplexing of LEDs can be done to give a moving display effect