kendali motor induksi

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Kendali Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa Tipe Volt/Hertz

Dengan Modulasi Vektor Ruang Berbasis Mikrokontrol

Atmega32

LAPORAN TUGAS AKHIR

Oleh :NICOLAUS ADI NUGROHO

07.50.0002

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK ELEKTRO

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

SEMARANG

2011


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PENGESAHAN

Laporan Tugas Akhir dengan judul Kendali Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa tipe

Volt/Hertz dengan Modulasi Vektor Ruang berbasis Mikrokontrol Atmega32

diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat dalam memperoleh gelar SarjanaTeknik Elektro pada Program Studi Teknik Elektro di Fakultas Teknologi Industri

Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.

Laporan Tugas Akhir ini disetujui pada tanggal ..........Juli 2011.

Semarang, ...... Juli 2011

Menyetujui,

Pembimbing

Leonardus Heru P., ST. MT.

NPP. 058.1.2000.234Mengetahui,

Dekan Fakultas Teknologi Industri

Dr. Ir. Florentinus Budi Setiawan, MT.

NPP.058.1.1994.150


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ABSTRAK

Seiring berkembangnya perindustrian di Indonesia, penggunaan motor

induksi semakin banyak digunakan. Walaupun motor induksi lebih sulit

dikendalikan, namun karena harga yang terjangkau, perawatan yang mudah,serta efisiensi yang tinggi menjadikan motor ini tetap menjadi pilihan banyak

pihak.

Kecepatan motor induksi dapat diatur dengan mengubah tegangan dan

frekuensi menggunakan inverter. Untuk mencapai kinerja motor induksi yang

maksimal, digunakan metode Modulasi Vektor Ruang sebagai kontrol inverter.

Pada Tugas Akhir ini mengimplementasikan sistem kendali motor induksi

tiga fasa dengan modulasi vektor ruang menggunakan mikrokontrol atmega32.

Seluruh perhitungan waktu pensaklaran dilakukan dengan komputer, dan

diprogram pada mikrokontrol atmega32 sebagai kontrol inverter yang

menyimpan semua data matematis hasil perhitungan komputer.

Dengan metode ini, diharapkan kinerja motor induksi tiga fasa menjadilebih maksimal dan rendahnya distorsi yang dihasilkan sehingga menjadi lebih

efisien serta dengan menggunakan atmega32membuat sistem menjadi ekonomis.

Kata kunci : Vektor Kontrol, Space Vector Modulation, Motor Induksi tiga Fasa


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KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa

karena dengan segala rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehinga penulis dapat

menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir beserta Laporan Tugas Akhir yang berjudul KendaliMotor Induksi Tiga Fasa Tipe Volt/Hertz Dengan Modulasi Vektor Ruang

Berbasis Mikrokontrol Atmega32 yang menjadi tugas studi penulis sebagai

mahasiswa Program Sarjana Jurusan Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknologi Industri

Universitas Katolik Soegijapranta.

Pembuatan Tugas Akhir dan penyusunan laporan Tugas Akhir ini tidak

lepas dari bantuan dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak. Oleh sebab itu penulis

ingin menyampaikan ucapan terimakasih kepada :

1.

Tuhan Yesus Kristus yang senantiasa memberi terang dan solusi dari segala

permasalahan lewat orangorang di sekitar penulis.2.

Bapak dan Ibu, yang selalu memberi dukungan dan teladan perjuangannya

yang menjadi panutan bagi penulis untuk semangat menyelesaikan studi.

3.

Bapak Dr. Ir. Florentinus Budi Setiawan, MT. Selaku Dekan Fakultas

Teknologi Industri Universitas Katolik Soegijapranta Semarang yang telah

memberikan banyak peluang untuk belajar lebih dalam di Fakultas Teknologi

Industri lewat kegiatan kegiatan diluar perkuliahan.

4.

Bapak Leonardus Heru Pratomo, MT. Selaku dosen pembimbing Tugas

Akhir yang telah membimbing penulis dari awal hingga tersusunnya laporan

ini, dan juga sebagai Pembantu Dekan III yang telah membimbing penulis


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sehingga penulis dapat belajar lebih banyak dengan mengikuti kegiatan

kemahasiswaan, lomba, serta proyekproyek diluar perkuliahan.

5.

Bapak Dr. Ir. Slamet Riyadi, MT. Selaku dosen wali penulis yang

memberikan saran dan masukan serta bimbingan selama penulis menempuh

studi di Fakultas Teknologi Industri Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata.

6.

Mas Agung dan Mas Ahmad yang telah memberikan banyak waktu untuk

berdiskusi dan membantu penulis menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir ini.

7.

Tabita Puspita dan keluarga yang telah memberikan doa dan dukungan.

8.

Teman teman angkatan 2007, teman teman Lab, dan teman teman

mudika Bongsari yang senantiasa menemani penulis dalam susah dan senang.

9.

Semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan Tugas Akhir ini, yang

pada kesempatan ini tidak dapat saya sebutkan satu persatu.

Penulis menyadari bahwa laporan ini tidak lepas dari kekurangan, maka

penulis sangat mengharapkan saran dan kritik dari berbagai pihak untuk perbaikan

dimasa yang akan datang. Pada kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan

permohonan maaf apabila terdapat hal hal yang kurang berkenan dalam

penulisan laporan ini.

Akhir kata besar harapan penulis bahwa laporan ini dapat memberikan

sumbangan yang berarti bagi kemajuan ilmu dan teknologi di lingkungan kampus

Fakultas Teknologi Industri Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Katolik

Soegijapranata.

Semarang, 2011


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DAFTAR ISI

PENGESAHAN ...................................................................................................... ii

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. iiiKATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. ix

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. xii

BAB I ...................................................................................................................... 1

PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................. 1

1.1

Latar Belakang

.......................................................................................................... 11.2

Perumusan Masalah

................................................................................................ 3

1.3

Pembatasan Masalah

............................................................................................... 4

1.4

Tujuan dan Manfaat

................................................................................................ 4

1.5

Metodologi Penelitian

............................................................................................ 4

1.6

Sistematika Penulisan

............................................................................................. 5

BAB II ..................................................................................................................... 7LANDASAN TEORI .............................................................................................. 7

2.1

Pendahuluan

.............................................................................................................. 7

2.2

Tinjauan Mengenai Modulasi Vektor Ruang

.................................................. 9

2.3

Pengendalian Motor Induksi
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............................................................................... 14

2.4

Inverter (Konverter DC to AC)

.......................................................................... 18

2.5

Algoritma Modulasi Vektor Ruang

.................................................................. 24
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2.6

Operasi Modulasi Vektor Ruang

....................................................................... 272.7

Mikrokontroler Atmega32

.................................................................................. 30

2.8

Analog To Digital Converter

.............................................................................. 39

2.9

MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET)............................................. 44

2.10

Opto Coupler TLP 250

........................................................................................ 46

2.11

USB AVR Downloader

........................................................................................ 47

2.12

LCD 48x84

.............................................................................................................. 48

2.13

CodeVision AVR (CVAVR)

.............................................................................. 51

BAB III ................................................................................................................. 56

PERANCANGAN KENDALI MOTOR INDUKSI TIGA FASA TIPE

VOLT/HERTZ DENGAN MODULASI VEKTOR RUANG BERBASISATMEGA32 .......................................................................................................... 56

3.1

Pendahuluan

............................................................................................................ 56

3.2

Perancangan Alat

................................................................................................... 58

3.3

Pengolahan Sinyal ADC
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...................................................................................... 59

3.4

Pemrograman Modulasi Vektor Ruang

........................................................... 63

3.5

Death Time

.............................................................................................................. 69

3.6

Perancangan rangkaian daya inverter 3 fasa 3 lengan

................................ 71

3.7

Rangkaian driver

.................................................................................................... 73BAB IV ................................................................................................................. 75

HASIL PENGUJIAN DAN ANALISA ................................................................ 75

4.1

Hasil Pengujian

....................................................................................................... 75

4.2

Memutar Balik Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa

....................................................... 86
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BAB V ................................................................................................................... 89

PENUTUP ............................................................................................................. 89

5.1

Kesimpulan

.............................................................................................................. 89

5.2

Saran

.......................................................................................................................... 90

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 91
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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Perbandingan lokus dalam hal pemanfaatan tegangan DC antara SVM

dan SPWM ............................................................................................................. 9

Gambar 2.2 Topologi Inverter Tiga Fasa ............................................................. 10Gambar 2.3 Topologi pensklaran pada inverter tiga fasa .................................... 11

Gambar 2.4 Topologi switching dalam bentuk segi enam dan interpretasi

tegangan referensi ke bentuk d-q ......................................................................... 12

Gambar 2.5 Grafik dari 4 sinyal modulasi tegangan dimana tegangan referensi di

geser dari satu sektor ke sektor yang lain ............................................................. 13

Gambar 2.6 Rangkaian ekivalen satu fase motor induksi tiga fase ..................... 15

Gambar 2.7. Daerah pengaturan motor induksi ................................................... 18

Gambar 2.8. Konfigurasi inverter 3 fasa 3 lengan ............................................... 19

Gambar 2.9. Konfigurasi saklar daya inverter 3 fasa 3 lengan ............................ 19

Gambar 2.10 Variasi algoritma penskalaran pada sektor 1 ................................. 24

Gambar 2.11 Sinyal keluaran pada alogritma Symmetrical Sequence di sektor 1 26Gambar 2.12 Bentuk keluaran pada setiap sektor dengan symmetrical sequence

............................................................................................................................... 27

Gambar 2.13 Vektor tegangan referensi .............................................................. 28

Gambar 2.14 Memori Data AVR Atmega32 ....................................................... 33

Gambar 2.15 Memori Program AVR Atmega32 ................................................. 34

Gambar 2.16 Status Register Atmega32 ............................................................. 34

Gambar 2.17 Konfigurasi Kaki pada Mikrokontroler Atmega32 ........................ 36

Gambar 2.18 Register ADMUX .......................................................................... 39
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Gambar 2.19 Register ADCSRA ........................................................................ 41

Gambar 2.21 Register SFIOR .............................................................................. 43

Gambar 2.22 MOSFET tipe deplesi (a) kanal n (b) kanal p ............................... 45

Gambar 2.23. MOSFET tipe enhancement (a) kanal N (b) kanal p .................... 46Gambar 2. 24. Kontruksi Opto Coupler TLP 250 ............................................... 47

Gambar 2.26 USBasp yang telah selesai dibuat ................................................... 48

Gambar 2.127 Pin pin pada LCD Nokia 3310 .................................................. 49

Gambar 2.28 Skema pemasangan LCD dengan mikrokontroler ........................ 50

Gambar 2.29 Software CodeVisionAVR ............................................................. 52

Gambar 2.30 Wizard pada CVAVR .................................................................... 54

Gambar 3.1 Skema rancangan alat ....................................................................... 58

Gambar 3.2 Tegangan keluaran pada potensiometer ........................................... 60

Gambar 3.3 Seting pada register register ADC ................................................. 61

Gambar 3.4 Program pembacaan dan pengiriman nilai adc sebagai frekuensi .... 61

Gambar 3. 5 Flowchart program pada atmega16 ................................................. 62Gambar 3.6 Susunan data Pensaklaran ................................................................ 65

Gambar 3.7 Pemanggilan Pensaklaran di sektor 1 pada sampling a .................... 66

Gambar 3.8 Program pada frekuensi 50Hz .......................................................... 67

Gambar 3.8 Flowchart pada mikrokontrol atmega32 .......................................... 68

Gambar 3.9 Skema rangkaian death time ............................................................ 69

Gambar 3.10 Skema pada simulasi dengan Proteus ............................................ 70

Gambar 3.11 Perbandingan sinyal sebelum dan setelah masuk rangkaian .......... 71

Gambar 3.12. Konfigurasi saklar daya inverter 3 fasa 3 lengan ......................... 72
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