vi

KATA PENGANTAR

Skripsi ini berjudul “Evaluasi Bentuk Aransemen Lagu ‘A Night in Tunisia’

oleh Roland Dyens” ini bertujuan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

akademik guna memperoleh gelar Sarjana Seni Sastra Satu Universitas Pelita

Harapan, Tangerang.

Penulis menyadari bahwa tanpa bimbingan, bantuan dan doa dari berbagai

pihak, skripsi ini tidak akan dapat diselesaikan tepat pada waktunya. Oleh karena

itu, penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah

membantu dalam proses pengerjaan skripsi ini, yaitu kepada:

1. Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.

2. Kedua orang tua (Richard dan Winny).

3. Ibu Olivia Evelin Sundari, M.Mus, selaku dosen pembimbing utama.

4. Bapak Benny. M. Tanto S.Sn., M. Mus., selaku dosen instrumen dan

pembimbing selama perkuliahan.

5. Bapak Dr. Mario Santoso sebagai ketua penguji sidang.

6. Bapak Indrawan, S.Kom., B.Mus., M.M., M.B.A., sebagai Dekan Fakultas

Ilmu Seni.

7. Ibu Delicia Mandy, M.Mus., sebagai Ketua Program Studi Musik.

8. Anggitan Sekar, selaku sobat karib pembantu skripsi.

9. Semua dosen yang telah mengajar penulis selama berkuliah di Universitas

Pelita Harapan.

10. Staf Karya Fakultas Ilmu Seni, yang telah membantu penulis dalam

kegiatan adminstratif.

11. Teman-teman yang membantu penulisan skripsi ini.

Akhir kata, penulis menyadari bahwa masih terdapat banyak kekurangan dalam

skripsi ini. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran pembaca akan sangat bermanfaat bagi

penulis. Semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi semua pihak yang

membacanya.

Tangerang, Desember 2019

John Vincent Hardijanto

vii

DAFTAR ISI

halaman

PERNYATAAN TENTANG TUGAS AKHIR DAN

PENYERAHAN HAK NONEKSLUSIF TANPA ROYALTI

PERSETUJUAN DOSEN PEMBIMBING TUGAS AKHIR

PERSETUJUAN TIM PENGUJI TUGAS AKHIR

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. v

KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. x

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 4

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 4

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................... 4

1.5 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................... 5

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ............................................................................... 7

2.1 Biografi Roland Dyens ............................................................................. 7

2.2 Biografi Dizzy Gillespie ........................................................................... 9

2.3 “A Night in Tunisia” .............................................................................. 11

2.4 Teknik Permainan Gitar ......................................................................... 13

2.4.1 Apoyando ..................................................................................... 13

2.4.2 Tirando ........................................................................................ 14

2.4.3 Legato .......................................................................................... 14

2.4.4 Slap .............................................................................................. 16

2.4.5 Teknik Perkusif ........................................................................... 16

2.4.6 Tapping ........................................................................................ 17

2.4.7 Natural dan Artificial Harmonics ................................................ 17

2.4.8 Rasguedo ..................................................................................... 18

2.5 Teori Musik ............................................................................................ 18

viii

2.5.1 Modes .......................................................................................... 18

2.5.2 Slash Chord ................................................................................. 19

2.5.3 Bebop ........................................................................................... 19

2.5.4 Swing ........................................................................................... 19

2.5.5 Syncopation ................................................................................. 20

2.5.6 Solo Break .................................................................................. 21

2.5.7 Vamp ............................................................................................ 21

2.5.8 Sequence ...................................................................................... 21

2.5.9 Turn Around ................................................................................ 22

2.5.10 Tension Chord ........................................................................... 22

2.5.11 Melody Voicing .......................................................................... 23

2.5.12 Altered Chord ............................................................................ 23

2.5.13 Blues Scale ................................................................................. 24

2.5.14 Reharmonization ........................................................................ 24

2.5.15 Afro-Cuban Rhythm ................................................................... 24

2.5.16 Clave ......................................................................................... 25

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................... 27

3.1 Pendekatan Penelitian ............................................................................. 27

3.2 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ..................................................................... 27

3.2.1 Studi Pustaka ............................................................................... 27

3.2.2 Studi Audio/Video ....................................................................... 28

3.3 Teknik Analisis Data ............................................................................... 28

3.5 Tahapan-Tahapan Dalam Melakukan Analisis ....................................... 29

3.6 Rencana Jadwal Kegiatan ....................................................................... 29

BAB IV ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN ...................................................... 30

4.1 Analisis Lagu “A Night in Tunisia” oleh Dizzy Gillespie ....................... 30

4.2 Analisis Lagu “A Night in Tunisia” Aransemen Roland Dyens .............. 33

4.2.1 Analisis Percussion Section dan Intro ........................................... 36

4.2.1.1 Teknik Bermain Gitar ........................................................ 36

4.2.1.2 Analisis dari Segi Ritmik, Melodi, Harmoni, dan Tekstur 36

4.2.2 Analisis Bagian A .......................................................................... 38

4.2.2.1 Teknik Bermain Gitar ........................................................ 38

4.2.2.2 Analisis Bagian A Dari Segi Ritmik, Melodi, Harmoni dan

Tekstur....................................................................................................... 39

ix

4.2.3 Analisis Bagian B ......................................................................... 41

4.2.4 Analisis Bagian A (Pengulangan Tema) ...................................... 42

4.2.5 Analisis Bagian Solo .................................................................... 43

4.2.6 Extended Technique .................................................................... 44

4.2.6.1 Bagian Satu ........................................................................ 44

4.2.6.2 Bagian Dua ........................................................................ 45

4.2.6.3 Bagian Tiga ....................................................................... 46

4.2.6.4 Bagian Empat .................................................................... 46

4.2.6.5 Bagian Lima ...................................................................... 47

4.2.6.6 Bagian Enam ..................................................................... 48

4.2.6.7 Bagian Tujuh ..................................................................... 48

4.2.6.8 Bagian Delapan ................................................................. 49

BAB V KESIMPULAN ...................................................................................... 51

5.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................... 51

5.2 Saran ..................................................................................................... 52

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 53

LAMPIRAN

x

DAFTAR GAMBAR

halaman

Gambar 2.1 Apoyando dan Tirando ....................................................................... 14

Gambar 2.2 Hammer on dan Pull off ..................................................................... 16

Gambar 2.3 Slap ..................................................................................................... 16

Gambar 2.4 Two Handed Tapping ......................................................................... 17

Gambar 2.5 Artificial Harmonics .......................................................................... 18

Gambar 2.6 Slash Chord ........................................................................................ 19

Gambar 2.7 Swing .................................................................................................. 20

Gambar 2.8 Syncopation ........................................................................................ 21

Gambar 2.9 Sequence ............................................................................................. 22

Gambar 2.10 Turn Around ..................................................................................... 22

Gambar 2.11 Melody Voicing ................................................................................ 23

Gambar 2.12 Altered Chord ................................................................................... 23

Gambar 2.13 Blues Scale ....................................................................................... 24

Gambar 2.14 Clave ................................................................................................ 26

Gambar 4.1 Pattern Melodi Vibrafon ………………………………………………......…30 Gambar 4.2 Melodic Lines Tenor Saxophone di Tema Bagian A…………………….31 Gambar 4.3 Melodic Lines Tenor Saxophone di Tema Bagian B……………………32 Gambar 4.4 Akor dan Tutti Bagian Vamp (c).……………………………………………32 Gambar 4.5 Analisis Form Lagu “A Night in Tunisia” ......................................... 33

Gambar 4.6 Son Clave ........................................................................................... 34

Gambar 4.7 Pola ritmik 3 3 2 ................................................................................. 34

Gambar 4.8 Progresi Akor Form a, b dan coda Bagian Tema…………...……………35 Gambar 4.9 Suara Low Perkusi .............................................................................. 36

Gambar 4.10 Suara Middle Perkusi ....................................................................... 37

Gambar 4.11 Pattern 332 ....................................................................................... 37

Gambar 4.12 Poliritmik ......................................................................................... 37

Gambar 4.13 Delay Anticipation dan Anticipation ................................................ 38

Gambar 4.14 Dua Model Pola Pattern yang Dipakai Roland Dyens Secara

Bergantian ............................................................................................................. 39

Gambar 4.15 Acciaccatura di Not Pertama Pada Birama 32 dan 41 ..................... 40

xi

Gambar 4.16 Pola Ritmik Swing pada Bagian Melodi Birama 36 dan 44 ............. 40

Gambar 4.17 Chromatic Aproach .......................................................................... 41

Gambar 4.18 Nada Tertinggi E flat ........................................................................ 42

Gambar 4.19 Notasi Slap ....................................................................................... 43

Gambar 4.20 Progresi Akor Bagian B yang Pertama di Bagian Solo.………………43 Gambar 4.21 Form Bagian Solo ............................................................................ 44

Gambar 4.22 Notasi Low Percussion Effect .......................................................... 45

Gambar 4.23 Notasi Light Roll .............................................................................. 45

Gambar 4.24 Notasi Imitasi Suara Clave .............................................................. 46

Gambar 4.25 Notasi dengan Lambang x ................................................................ 46

Gambar 4.26 Notasi dengan Keterangan T.R ........................................................ 47

Gambar 4.27 Notasi dengan Tanda Bintang Pada Birama 62 dan 63 .................... 47

Gambar 4.28 Notasi dengan Tanda Bintang Pada Birama 65 ............................... 48

Gambar 4.29 Notasi Teknik Strum dan Mengetuk Badan Gitar ............................ 48

Gambar 4.30 Notasi Pada Birama 159 ................................................................... 49

Gambar 4.31 Notasi Pada Birama 161 ................................................................... 49

Gambar 4.32 Notasi Pada Birama 166 dengan Keterangan Rapido dan Tapping . 49

Gambar 4.33 Notasi di Bar 168 ............................................................................. 50

xii

DAFTAR TABEL

halaman

Tabel 3.1 Rencana Jadwal Kegiatan ..................................................................... 29

xiii

Daftar Lampiran

halaman

Lampiran 1. Partitur “A Night in Tunisia” aransemen Roland Dyens ........ A1-A11

Lampiran 2. Partitur “A Night in Tunisia” Real Book ......................................... B1

Lampiran 3. Extended Techniques oleh Roland Dyens ........................................ C1