Kajian Timbal dalam Cat di Asia dan Indonesia di Asia dan Indonesia Yuyun Ismawati - yuyun@balifokus.asia BaliFokus Dipresentasikan pada Pertemuan Stakeholder Timbal dalam Cat Kedua Jakarta, 20 November 2013

Timbal dalam cat Negara-negara maju sudah menghapus timbal dalam cat 40 tahun yang lalu Tahun 2008, Toxics Link India dan IPEN menemukan >80 % cat enamel (oil-based) decorative paints di 10 negara berkembang memiliki timbal di atas angka aman IPEN melakukan kampanye global penghapusan timbal dalam cat di 7 negara di Asia (SWITCH-Asia), UNEP 9 Country Study dan 10 negara Afrika, Asia, Latin Amerika dan Eastern Europe

Bahaya Timbal Timbal/Lead (Pb) Toxic & persistent Sudah dilarang di Eropa, U.S., Brazil dan Australia WHO: there is no safe level of childhood lead exposure Bahaya pada anak: Interferes with developing brain Lower IQ Attention deficiencies Poor impulse control Aggressive behavior Dampak kesehatan tidak terpulihkan tapi dapat dicegah

SWITCH-Asia IPEN Project Partners Philippines Coordinated by: Technical expertise:

PRELIMINARY DATA FROM LEAD IN PAINT ANALYSIS IN SIX ASIAN COUNTRIES (AS OF OCT 20, 2013) Countries Banglades h (90 samples) Indonesi a (78 samples) Nepal (49 samples) Philippine s (122 samples) Sri Lanka (94 samples) Thailand (120 samples) Majority of paints sampled could not be sold in industrialized countries (> 90ppm) 71% 77% 71% 62% 50% 79% Majority of paints sampled contain high levels (greater than 600 ppm; a standard in many countries) 64% 62% 60% 52% 24% 68% Many paints sampled had dangerously high lead levels (greater than 10,000 ppm) 27% 33% 29% 39% 23% 33%

PRELIMINARY DATA FROM LEAD IN PAINT ANALYSIS IN SIX ASIAN COUNTRIES (AS OF 20 OCTOBER, 2013) Countries Banglades h (90 samples) Indonesia (78 samples) Nepal (49 samples) Philippines (122 samples) Sri Lanka (94 samples) Thailand (120 samples) Majority of bright colors sampled contained extremely high lead levels (>10,000 ppm) 68% yellow; 9% red 80% orange; 60% yellow 60% of all bright colors 82% orange; 70% yellow 35% of all bright colors 70% of all bright colors Majority of paint brands sampled have high lead levels (greater than 90 ppm) 29 of 34 brands (85.3%) 29 of 43 brands (67.44%) 16 of 21 brands (76.2%) 26 of 34 brands (76.5%) 63% of brands > 90 ppm 63 of 68 brands (92.6%) Paints are inadequately or mislabeled Most cans contain little or no information Most cans contain little or no information Most cans contain no label information Less than half of cans sampled described product composition Most cans contain little or no information Half of paints labeled lead free had lead content greater

PRELIMINARY DATA FROM LEAD IN PAINT ANALYSIS IN SIX ASIAN COUNTRIES (AS OF 20 OCTOBER, 2013) CountriesBanglades h (90 samples) Indonesia (78 samples) Nepal (49 samples) Philippines (122 samples) Sri Lanka (94 samples) Thailand (120 samples) Market leaders Berger +Asian = 66% market share AKZO Nobel (ICI) +Avian+Nippon = 67% market share Asian + Berger Jenson = 67% market share Pacific Paint (Boysen) + Charter Chemical and Coating Company = 80% market share AKZO Nobel (ICI); Asian Paints, Causeway, Silicon Coatings, Macksons Lanka TOA and brands manufactur ed by TOA + AKZO Nobel (ICI)= 55- 69% market share

CountriesBanglades h (90 samples) Indonesia (78 samples) Nepal (49 samples) Philippines (122 samples) Sri Lanka (94 samples) Thailand (120 samples) Most Market Leaders are producing low lead products All paints from Berger and Asian tested below90 ppm. All samples from AKZO Nobel (ICI) were below 600 ppm; 2 of 6 samples were below 90 ppm. Avian and Nippon samples had both high and low lead content All paints from Asian and Berger Jenson & Nicholson tested below 90 ppm; Samples from major Nepalese manufacturers (Pashputi, 20% and Nepal Shalimar Paints, 13%)were above 600 ppm All paints sampled from Pacific and Charter were below 90 ppm lead Paint manufacturer s information not available While most samples manufacture d by TOA have lead levels below 90 ppm, several brands still contain lead levels higher than 1,000 ppm. The two AZKO Nobel (ICI)samples were below 90 ppm PRELIMINARY DATA FROM LEAD IN PAINT ANALYSIS IN SIX ASIAN COUNTRIES (AS OF 20 OCTOBER, 2013)

Peraturan terkait timbal dalam cat di Indonesia

Leading market di Indonesia Sumber: Mars Indonesia, Mei 2013)

SAMPELS

HASIL PENELITIAN

Kadar timbal menurut warna

Perbandingan dengan studi terdahulu Sumber: Clark, C. Scott. et.al. (2009). Lead levels in new enamel household paints from Asia, Africa and South America. Environmental Research 109 (7), October 2009, pp. 930936.

Menuju 90 ppm Kesepakatan global GAELP (UNEP & WHO) dan SAICM goal 2020: lead in paint < 90 ppm Kesiapan industri kecil, menengah dan besar Kesiapan penyedia pigmen dan drier Standar nasional dan peraturan yang relevan Capacity building Technical assistance

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