hasil riset kelanjutusiaan program … ratio (jumlah perempuan lansia per 100 laki-laki lansia) kota...
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HASIL RISET KELANJUTUSIAAN
Program Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia
Seminar dan Workshop
Riset Kelanjutusiaan dan Pemanfatannya bagi Kebijakan dan Program
Balai Sidang Universitas Indonesia
27 – 28 Mei 2015
Daftar Riset Kelanjutusiaan No
Judul Tim Peneliti Sumber Dana
Status Skripsi/ Tesis/ Disertasi/ Penelitian Staf
Sudah/Belum dipublikasikan dalam Buku/jurnal
1 Study on Social Assistance Needs for Poor and Vulnerable Older Persons in Indonesia, a Research Consortium between Demographic Institute and HelpAge International. Submitted to TNP2K Office of the Vice President and the AusAID. 2011-2012
Team Leader: Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo Anggota dari HelpAge International: Eduardo Klien Andie McPherson Philip Kreager Gian Than Long Peter Lloyd-Sherlock Elda Pardede, Ratna Indrayanti, Mercoledy, Ayke Soraya, Merry Kusumaryani Ran Toersilaningsih Asmanedi. Selvia Ruhulessin
TNP2K/GRM/AUSAID
Kerjasama dengan Lembaga Demografi FEUI Dengan beberapa mahasiswa S2KK Ocha Rosya Tuty Sahara
Publikasi : Social Assistance For the Elderly in Indonesia: An Empirical Assistance of the Asistensi Social Lanjut Usia Terlantar Programme. By Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo, Fional Howell, Andrea McPherson, Jan Priebe. TNP2K Working Paper 05-2013. March 2013. ISBN 978-602-275-056-7 http://www.google.co.id/?gws_rd=cr&ei=rOBbVcWFC4KxuQSKpYDIBw#q=social+assistance+for+the+elderly+in+indonesia+adioetomo
2 Study on assessment of AsistensiLanjut Usia (ASLUT), 2011-2013
Team Leader: Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo Member: Ayke Soraya Merry Kusumaryani Selvia Ruhulessin Mercoledi
TNP2K/GRM/AUSAID
Kerjasama dengan Lembaga Demografi FEUI Dengan beberapa mahasiswa S2KK: Ocha Rosya Tuty Sahara
Publikasi: Fighting old age poverty: ASLUT’s Role. By Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo, Fiona Howell, Andrea McPherson, Jan Priebe. TNP2K Working Paper 14-2014. August 2014
ISBN 978-602-275-055-0
http://www.tnp2k.go.id/images/uploads/downloads/WP%2014_Fighting%20Old%20Age%20Poverty_Asluts%20Role.pdf
3 Ageing Monograph: Evidence from the 2010 Census
Moertiningsih Adioetomo UNFPA Indonesia
Peneliti Mahsiswa S2KK – Nashrul Wajdi
Publikasi: Indonesia in the threshold of population ageing, UNFPA Monograph Series: No 1. Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo and Gazi Mujahid UNFPA Indonesia 2014. http://indonesia.unfpa.org/publications/view/monograph-series-no.-1-indonesia-on-the-threshold-of-population-ageing
Roadmap Penelitian
Roadmap Pengabdian Masyarakat
Rangkuman Hasil Riset
PPSUI 2015
31/07/2013 sms/ageing monograph SP10 5
Perubahan struktur umur penduduk akibat transisi demografi Indonesia
1971,2010,2030
20,00 10,00 0,00 10,00 20,00
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80-84
85+
Percentage
Male Female
20,00 10,00 0,00 10,00 20,00
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80-84
85+
Percentage
Male Female
20,00 10,00 0,00 10,00 20,00
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80-84
85+
Percentage
Male Female
Anak2 usia 0-14 thn 1971 mencapai usia 30-45 thn tahun 2010 menciptakan angkatan kerja yang besar jumlahnya, tahun 2030 anak ini mencapai usia 50 +thn dan thn 2040
akan menjadi lansia. (SMAdioetomo based on Indonesian Population Projection 2010-2035 and pop structure 1971) 17/OWN CALCULATION
07/2013 6
Jumlah penduduk lansia menurut umur dan jenis kelamin, Sensus 2010.
31/07/2013 sms/ageing monograph SP10 7
Umur Laki-laki Perempuan Total
60-69 5,152,324 5,600,468 10,752,792
70-79 2,373,803 3,060,433 5,434,236
80+ 763,937 1,092,747 1,856,684
Total Penduduk
Lansia 60+ 8,290,064 9,753,648 18,043,712
% dari seluruh
penduduk 6.9% 8.3% 7.6%
Jumlah lansia 80 tahun keatas sudah hampir dua juta orang, apakah punya penghasilan? Apakah masih sehat dan tidak mengalami kesulitan melihat, mendengar, berjalan dsb,
dan tinggal dengan siapa, siapa yang menemani atau merawatnya?
Lebih banyak yang tinggal di desa, dan jumlah lansia perempuan selalu lebih banyak di semua
umur, di kota maupun desa,
31/07/2013 sms/ageing monograph SP10 8
Kota Laki-laki Perempuan Total
60-69 2,251,233 2,443,541 4,694,774
70-79 966,782 1,284,601 2,251,383
80+ 292,256 449,986 742,242
Total 3,510,271 4,178,128 7,688,399
Desa Laki-laki Perempuan Total
60-69 2,901,091 3,156,927 6,058,018
70-79 1,407,021 1,775,832 3,182,853
80+ 471,681 642,761 1,114,442
Total 4,779,793 5,575,520 10,355,313
Makin tinggi usia lansia makin besar ketimpangan jumlah antara lansia laki-laki dan
lansia perempuan
31/07/2013 sms/ageing monograph SP10 9
Umur Sex Ratio
(Jumlah perempuan lansia per 100 laki-laki lansia)
Kota Desa Total
60-69 109 109 109
70-79 133 126 129
80+ 154 136 143
Total lansia 60+ 119 117 118
Di Kota tiap 3 lansia perempuan usia 80+ hanya ada dua lansia laki-laki usia yang sama. Di Desa perbandingannya sedikit lebih
rendah. Ini feminisasi lansia? Apa implikasinya? Mengapa begitu? Karena usia perempuan lebih panjang?
31/07/2013 sms/ageing monograph SP10 10
Dapat membaca dan menulis
Age Laki-laki Perempuan Desa Kota Total
60-69 81.9 63.2 63.6 83.2 72.1
70-79 69.0 46.2 47.2 68.9 56.2
80+ 58.5 36.5 37.7 57.3 45.6
Dapat berbicara bahasa Indonesia
Laki-laki Perempuan Desa Kota Total
60-69 83.8 69.2 67.8 87.2 76.2
70-79 72.3 54.9 52.9 75.9 62.5
80+ 63.0 46.5 44.4 66.7 53.3
Lansia 70+ buta huruf, tidak bisa bhs Indonesia, terutama lansia perempuan dan yg tinggal di desa.
Penting untuk membuat pesan-pesan dan layanan lansia yang mudah dimengerti dengan bahasa lokal., terutama utk perempuan desa
Kesulitan melihat meskipun pakai kacamata Lansia perempuan lebih menderita.
08/05/2013 SMAdioetomo/SEACmeeting 11
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
Some difficulties
Vision Male
Vision Female
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Severe difficulties
Vision Male
Vision Female
Kesulitan melihat bagi lansia umumnya karena katarak yang bisa diatasi dengan operasi. Tersedianya bantuan operasi yang terjangkau akan membantu lansia tetap bekerja dan berkomunikasi secara sosial
Kesulitan mendengar meskipun pakai alat bantu dengar. Lansia perempuan lebih mnderita
08/05/2013 SMAdioetomo/SEACmeeting 12
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
60-6465-6970-7475-7980-8485-89 90+
Some difficulties
Hearing Male
Hearing Female
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40Severe difficulties
Hearing Male
HearingFemale
Tersedianya alat bantu dengar yang terjangkau akan membantu lansia tetap bekerja dan berkomunikasi secara sosial.
Kesulitan berjalan dan naik tangga. Lansia perempuan lebih menderita
08/05/2013 SMAdioetomo/SEACmeeting 13
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
60-6465-6970-7475-7980-8485-89 90+
Some difficulties
Waliking andClimbingstiars Male
Waliking andClimbingstiars Female
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90+
Severe difficulties
Waliking andClimbing stiarsMale
Waliking andClimbing stiarsFemale
Meskipun tidak parah kesulitan berjalan dan naik tangga perlu upaya rehabilitasi dari petugas profesional. Penderita parah memerlukan
bantuan orang lain untuk melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari.
Kesulitan mengingat, konsentrasi dan komunikasi. Lansia perempuan lebih menderita
08/05/2013 SMAdioetomo/SEACmeeting 14
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90+
Some diffulties
Communication Male
Communication Female
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Severe difficulties
Communication Male
CommunicationFemale
Pikun atau dimensia? Harus ada yang menemani dan merawatnya
Kesulitan Mengurus Diri Sendiri. Lansia perempuan lebih menderita
08/05/2013 SMAdioetomo/SEACmeeting 15
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
Some difficulties
Self CareMale
Self CareFemale
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90+
Severe difficulties
Self CareMale
Self CareFemale
Lebih banyak lansia perempuan yang tidak bisa mengurus diri sendiri. Yang sudah parah umumnya sudah bedridden? Perlu long-term care.
Jumlahnya mencapai 5-10 persen?
Meskipun persen penuaan rendah, tetapi jumlah absolut sudah besar dan perlu
diperhatikan
31/07/2013 sms/ageing monograph SP10 16
766
3031
3348
448
3894
670
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Jumlah Lansia Menurut Provinsi (x1000)
Persentase lansia DIY tinggi 13%, tapi jumlah lansia hanya 448 ribu orang. Persentase lansia Jawa Barat lebih rendah 8% tapi jumlah lansia 3,08
juta. Implikasi sosial ekonomi perlu diperhatikan.
The Indonesian Demographic Transition 1950-2050
31/10/2012 sri moertiningsih adioetomo/ageing 21st
century 17
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
Nu
mbe
r in
mil
lion
, %
r
Year
Number of birth, death and rates of population gorwth,
Indonesia, 1950-2050Calculated by SriM Adioetomo, based on UN Projection 2008.
Births
Deaths
Rate of growth
60.9 51.9
43.9
167.2
187.0
16.1
47.8
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
180.0
200.0
19
50
19
55
19
60
19
65
19
70
19
75
19
80
19
85
19
90
19
95
20
00
20
05
20
10
20
15
20
20
20
25
20
30
20
35
20
40
20
45
20
50
Po
pu
lati
on
(m
illio
n)
Decline in number of birth and increasing number of workers, Indonensia 1950-2050
0-1415-6465+
Usia kerja
Anak
Lansia
Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo diolah dari UN Population Projection 2008
The Effect of Demographic Transition: Bonus Demography due to Changes in Age Structure
31/10/2012 sri moertiningsih adioetomo/ageing 21st
century 18
What is Bonus Demography? (demographic dividend)
• Bonus Demography is indicated by the decline in
number of children compared to the increasing
number of workers.
• This leads to the declining dependency ratio
• Meanwhile the number of older persons
increases very slowly
• The continuing bonus demography will lead to
opening of the window of opportunity
31/10/2012 sri moertiningsih adioetomo/ageing 21st
century 19
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Pe
rse
nta
se
<15
60+
Total
Bonus Demografi
< 15 yrs
60 yrs
jendela peluang
Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo Calculated from UN Population Projection 2008
The Window of Opportunity 2020-2030
31/10/2012 sri moertiningsih adioetomo/ageing 21st
century 20
Once in a life time, how to increase young people’s awareness to become Active Ageing? Healthy, and social
economic active?
When bonus demography ends: explosion of older persons
31/10/2012 sri moertiningsih adioetomo/ageing 21st
century 21
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Nu
mb
er
of
old
po
pu
lati
on
Calculated by Sri M Adioetomo from UN projection 2008
80+
70-79
60-69
Total 71.6 million
34.9 million
11.5 million
25.1 million
Ageing Indicators
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Aging index
(jumlah lansia per 100
anak <15 thn) 23.2 26.4 31.3 37.5 46.4 57.6
Youth dependency
ratio (angka ketergan-
tungan anak <15 thn) 49.4 44.0 39.5 38.0 36.8 35.7
Elderly dependency
ratio 11.4 11.6 12.4 14.2 17.1 20.5
31/10/2012 sri moertiningsih adioetomo/ageing 21st
century 22
Courtesy: HelpAge AsiaPacific- Lembaga Demografi- SM Adioetomo, 2012.
Calculation using BPS projections with 2000 Census
‘Feminization of Older Persons Indonesia
31/10/2012 sri moertiningsih adioetomo/ageing 21st
century 23
2010 2015 2020 2025
60-64 98 96 100 105
65-69 106 102 100 105
70-74 115 111 107 106
75+ 130 130 127 126
1. Number of older women per 100 older men 2. Feminization of older persons increases as age increases.
How do they live? Three Generations Under One Roof?
31/10/2012 sri moertiningsih adioetomo/ageing 21st
century 25
7%
19%
7%
21%
31%
5% 7%
4%
11% 14%
10%
4%
40%
3%
10% 8%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Living arrangement, Susenas 2008 Calculated by Sri M Adioetomo
60-69 thn
70-79 thn
80 thn+
Home Alone? 13% of older women live alone
31/10/2012 sri moertiningsih adioetomo/ageing 21st
century 26
3%
25%
8%
25%
31%
3% 4%
1%
13% 13%
7% 8%
34%
6%
11% 8%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Calculated by Sri M Adioetomo, Susenas 2008
Laki-laki
Perempuan
Older women live longer, but unhealthy life
31/10/2012 sri moertiningsih adioetomo/ageing 21st
century 27
Age 60+
Life Expectancy
(yrs)
Healthy life Expectancy
HALE (yrs)
Loss of health life
(yrs)
Unhealthy life expectancy as a % of life expectancy
(yrs)
Male 15.9 10.9 5.0 6.6
Female 17.8 11.3 6.5 8.4
Both 16.9 11.1 5.8 7.5
Lansia perempuan lebih panjang umurnya tetapi sakit sakitan Source: WHO, 2006 and own calculation
Older couple Who is taking care of whom?
They need social assistance
Poor, neglected and abandoned