Download - Tugas Pneumothorax lengkap
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Pneumothorax
Disusun oleh : Herna Solisty 0561050035 Melva Radot Gultom 0561050137 Helena 0561050138 Lulu Dwiarti Ningtias 0561050148
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Pendahuluan
• Pleura : membran serosa yang terdiri dari 2
lapisan yaitu pleura parietal dan pleura viseral.• Pleura viseral melekat pada parenkim paru dan
turut bergerak bersama paru.• Pleura parietal melekat ke dinding dada.• Di antara kedua lapisan ini terdapat rongga
pleura.• Dalam rongga pleura normalnya terdapat cairan
pleura yang berwarna bening kira-kira 10-20 ml
yang bekerja sebagai pelumas. Cairan pleura ini
memungkinkan paru-paru untuk terus
berkembang tanpa gesekan.• Dalam rongga pleura normalnya tidak terdapat
udara.
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Definisi
• Pneumothorax adalah adanya udara dalam rongga pleura.
• Etiologi :–Pneumothorax spontan–Trauma– Iatrogenik
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Gambaran Radiologis• Pada foto thorax, gambaran udara dalam rongga
pleura memberikan bayangan yang radiolusen.• Bayangan tanpa memiliki struktur jaringan paru
(avascular pattern).• Tampak batas paru yang kolaps berupa garis
radioopak tipis yang berasal dari pleura viseral yang disebut dengan visceral pleural white line atau visceral line.
• Jika pneumotoraks luas, paru-paru kolaps di daerah hilus dan mediastinum terdorong ke arah kontralateral.
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Pneumothorax : A : Bayangan paru
yang radiolusen dengan avascular pattern
B : Paru yang kolaps
Visceral line
Pada foto terlihat bayangan udara dari pneumothoraks yang berbentuk cembung, yang memisahkan pleura parietalis dengan pleura viseralis.
AB
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• Avascular pattern tak cukup untuk mendiagnosis adanya pneumothorax.
• Beberapa penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan avascular pattern :– Bulla– Kista di paru– Emboli paru
• Diagnosis pneumothorax dapat ditegakkan bila terdapat gambaran the visceral pleural white line atau visceral line.
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Giant Bulla
Chest radiograph shows a large lucent area in the right upper lobe.
Helpful signs for pneumothorax: visible visceral pleural line
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The visceral pleural white line
A pneumothoraxwill be visible as athin white line - thevisceral pleuralwhite line
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Types of Pneumothorax
• Simple Pneumothorax
• Tension Pneumothorax
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Simple Pneumothorax
• Tidak ada pendorongan mediastinum ke arah kontralateral.
No shift of midline structures
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Tension Pneumothorax
• Bila udara yang terperangkap dalam rongga pleura semakin banyak, paru menjadi kolaps dan mediastinum terdorong ke arah kontralateral.
• Fungsi respirasi terganggu.
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Tension Pneumothorax
Air enters right hemithorax either from tear in lung or
hole in chest wall on inspiration, air does not exit on
expiration.
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• Chest X-ray of left-sided pneumothorax (visible on the right in this image). The left thoracic cavity is filled in part with free air. The mediastinum is shifted to the opposite side.
Left tension pneumothorax
Thorax Foto PA
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Collapsed Lung
Right sided spontaneous pneumothorax. Arrow indicates collapsed right lung.
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Tension Pneumothorax Lateral
Collapsed Lung
Pneumothorax
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TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX
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Tension Pneumothorax
Shift ofheart andtrachea toleft
Complete right-sidedpneumothorax
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Right Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax
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Large left sided iatrogenic pneumothorax (red arrow) and right sided postpneumonectomy space (PPS). Note
also the left sided internal jugular catheter (yellow arrow).
TOTAL LEFT PNEUMOTHORAX
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Bilateral Pneumothorax Pneumomediastinum
Collapsed lungs in a patient with tracheobronchial injury: "complete disruption of the right bronchus". Bilateral pneumothorax (large arrows), pneumomediastinum (thin arrows) and extensive subcutaneous emphysema are visible.
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CT-Scan Simple Pneumothorax
pneumothorax
Udara
Paru Kolaps
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CT Scan Tension Pneumothorax
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USG Thorax
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USG Thorax• Normal Lung:
Smooth lines above pleural line, grainy below
• Pneumothorax: Smooth lines above and below pleural line
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USG Pneumothorax
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