Download - Kualitas Daya
![Page 1: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
“
EFISIENSI DAYA LISTRIK
DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN
VSD/INVERTER
“
![Page 2: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Kegunaan Inverter
• Mengurangi arus start pada starting motor di
sistem pompa, konveyor, fan dll
• Mengurangi tekanan hidrolik pada
permasalahan start stop pompa, sehingga
menghindari masalah getaran pada pipa dan
kerusakan pada peralatan
![Page 3: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Menghindari terjadinya water hammer pada
sistem penyaluran pompa fluida dengan head
yang tinggi
• Pada pemakaian beban variable torque seperti
pompa dan fan, pengguanaan inverter bisa
mengefisienkan pemakaian daya sampai 50%
• Dibandingkan dengan soft start inverter
![Page 4: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Electricity consumption
• For processes and building utilities
– 72% of electricity consumption goes to turn motors
– 63% of this energy is used to circulate fluids
Compression
30%
Pumping
20% Ventilation
13%
Process
37%
![Page 5: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Relevant applications
• Pumping
• Ventilation
• Compression
• Benefits from use of the Inverter:
– no more electricity
consumption than just
necessary
– enhanced performance
– user comfort
• At present only 5% of installations
are equipped with variable speed
drives
![Page 6: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Contoh penempatan VSD pada sistem Air
Conditioning
![Page 7: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
A conventional installation
• Motor supplied directly by the line supply
• Motor speed of rotation = nominal speed
• Variation of flow by means of a restriction or load
loss device - valve, incliner, etc
• The reduction in flow causes the absorbed power
to drop very slightly
• Example of a Fan:
– flow regulation by an outlet valve
– at 80% of nominal flow - power consumption
95% of nominal power
![Page 8: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Low-cost installation with a drive
• Motor supplied by a variable speed drive
• Elimination of the restriction device
• Variation of the flow is obtained directly by varying
the motor speed
• The reduction in flow causes the absorbed power to
drop considerably
• Example of a Fan equipped with a drive:
– flow regulation by the drive
– at 80% of nominal flow - power consumption
50% of nominal power
![Page 9: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The fan power curve
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Flow
Power
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Outlet valve
Suction valve
Drive
![Page 10: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The fan power curve
Outlet valve
Suction valve
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Flow
Power
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Variation in flow obtained by a
load loss system
![Page 11: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The fan power curve
Outlet valve
Suction valve
Variable speed drive
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Flow
Power
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Variation in flow obtained by varying the
motor speed
Variable
speed
![Page 12: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The pump power curve
Control valve
Drive
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Flow
Power
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
![Page 13: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Example: 15 kW / 90 kW ventilation
TEMIC Semiconductors - Nantes, France
Recycled
air
Recycled
air
New air
• Central unit handling air destined for the
production factory
Output
without drive with drive
m3/hr kW kW
125000 90 90
92300 73 54
76800 71 21
68000 71 20
Power consumption
![Page 14: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Example: 3 … 37 kW ventilation
Thomson Multimedia - Villingen, Germany
• Preparation of air destined for clean rooms
with 7 fans
• Energy savings: 500 kWh/year
320 kF/year
• Investment: 425 kF
• Return on investment: 16 months
Output
without drive with drive
m3/hr kW kW
45000 37 37
22500 31 4.6
Power consumption
Filter + air conditioning
![Page 15: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Example: 55 … 110 kW pumping
Water authority - La Rochelle, France
• Drinking water distribution plant
– 10 recirculating pumps
– Flow regulation based on subscriber consumption
• Energy savings: 20 … 25%
![Page 16: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Applications - Ventilation
• Thermal protection of drive and motor, alarm
on logic output
• Catch on fly restart with speed search
• “On or slowdown” function for tunnel smoke
extraction
• Configuration of type of stopping on external
fault
• Speed maintained on loss of 4-20mA signal
• Energy-saving function
![Page 17: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Applications - Pumping
• Pump switching option card
– Control of an entire pumping installation
with a single drive
– Configurable changeover
• Limited number of starts
• Integral PI regulator
– Constant pressure maintained throughout
the network
– Preset flow references
– Change from Auto to Man
• Jump frequencies
– Protection of the mechanism
![Page 18: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Perbandingan Inverter dan Soft Start
• Inverter bisa menekan arus start menjadi 1,2
kali Inominal, sedangkan soft start hanya 1,6
sampai 2 kali Inominal, Y/Δ 3 sampai 4 kali
Inominal
• Inverter bisa menghasilkan penghematan
daya sedangkan pada soft start tidak bisa
![Page 19: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Aplikasi Inverter Pada Sistem
Distribusi Air Pada Gedung Bertingkat
• Aplikasi inverter cocok digunakan untuk
mendapatkan pengaturan flow yang baik
meskipun tempat yang tinggi dan jauh
• Inverter bisa mempertahankan tekanan aliran
tetap terjaga pada sistem penyaluaran fluida
dengan pompa
![Page 20: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Aplikasi Inverter Pada Milling Sistem
• Mengganti motor DC dengan motor induksi 3 phasa, sehingga diperoleh keuntungan bebas pemeliharaan terhadap motor
• Diperoleh arus start yang kecil, hanya sekitar 1,2 kali Inominal
• Untuk pemakaian kecepatan dibawah nominal maka diperoleh efisiensi daya yang signifikan
![Page 21: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Prinsip Pengaturan kecepatan
motor
• Stator control
• Rotor control
![Page 22: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Stator control
• Contant frequency, varible voltage
(soft start, Y/D, Autotrafo, Rheostat,
prinsipnya mengontrol tegangan
sehingga slip bisa diatur dan rpm rotor
akan diatur)
• Variable frequency
(VSD/VFD/Inverter)
![Page 23: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Variable frequency
• DC link convertion (dari input ac ke dc
kemudian ke ac lagi)
• Cycloconverter drivesn (ac diubah ke
ac juga tanpa melalui rangkaian dc)
![Page 24: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
DC Link inverter
• PWM inverter (VSD/VFD/Inverter)
• Square inverter (UPS atau power
suplai 1 phasa)
![Page 25: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
T/S Characteristic
![Page 26: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Variable voltage T/S
Characteristic
![Page 27: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Variable frequency T/S
Characteristic
![Page 28: Kualitas Daya](https://reader034.vdokumen.com/reader034/viewer/2022042509/557212ad497959fc0b90b759/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• E = 4.44 f n ϕ
• E/f = Constan = 4.44 ϕ
• Pada saat menurunkan f maka V juga turus
• Pada saat V turun, maka P = V x I x
3phase, sehingga akan diperoleh
penghematan