Judul Skripsi
KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI POLANDIA DALAM MERESPON RESOLUSI
KEBIJAKAN PARLEMEN UNI EROPA TERHADAP KRISIS MIGRASI DAN SUAKA DI
MEDITERRANIA PERIODE 2015 – 2017
Nama : Bintang Abednego Rotikan
NIM : 1510412002
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAKARTA
Judul Skripsi
KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI POLANDIA DALAM MERESPON RESOLUSI
KEBIJAKAN PARLEMEN UNI EROPA TERHADAP KRISIS MIGRASI DAN SUAKA DI
MEDITERRANIA PERIODE 2015 – 2017
Nama : Bintang Abednego Rotikan
NIM : 1510412002
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAKARTA
KA T A PE N GA NTA R
P u j i d an s yu k u r s aya p an j a t k an ke h ad i ra t T uh an Y an g M ah a Esa
k a r ena han ya a t a s be r k a t , r ahm at , d an k a r un i aN ya – l ah , t u gas ak h i r a t au
r i s e t sk r ips i yan g t e l ah s aya l ak s anak an d an t e l ah s aya s e l es a ik an d en gan
s emes t i n ya yan g m er u p ak an s eb u ah t an ggu n g j aw ab w aj ib b ag i s e l u ruh
p a r a m ah as i s w a U n iv e rs i t a s P em b an gu n an N as i on a l “V et e r an ” J ak ar t a ,
t e ru t am a h a l yan g s an ga t w a j ib b ag i s a ya u n t uk s a ya emb an demi
m en cap a i l an gk ah ak h i r s a ya u n tu k m en ye l e s a ik an m as a pe r k u l i ah an s a ya
d a l an p ro gr am t i n gk a t S 1 S a r j an a S os i a l a t au B a ch e l or d eg r ee o f S oc ia l
S tu d i es d a l am m el an ju tk an ba ik k e j en j an g p end i d i k an ya n g l eb ih t i n ggi
m aup un m em as uk i d u n i a k a r i r un t uk men emp uh l ap an gan p ek e r j aan yan g
ak an s a ya am bi l d i k ed ep ann ya , t u gas ak h i r a t au r i s e t sk r ip s i i n i yan g
t e l ah s aya m u l a i s e j ak p ad a m asa s em es t e r V I , 2 0 18 h i n gga p ad a m asa
s emes t e r IX , 20 19 i n i d ap a t d i s e l es a ik an d en gan b a ik . Tu gas ak h i r a t au
r i s e t s k r i ps i s aya s eca r a k e s e lu r uh an t en tu t i d ak ak an b i s a d ap a t b e r j a l an
s emes t i n ya t an p a ban tu an d ar i b e r b aga i p ih ak yan g m en ye r t a i s a ya . M ak a
d a r i i t u l ah s eb e l um s aya d ap a t m em apa r k an l eb i h l an j u t m en gena i t u gas
ak h i r a t au r i s e t sk r i ps i i n i , s aya i n g i n m en yam p a ik an b eb e rap a p a t ah
u cap an t e r i m a k as ih b ag i s e l u ru h p i hak yan g m en ye r t a i d an m em b an tu
s a ya s e l am a b e r l angs u n gn ya p en u l i s an t u gas ak h i r a t au r i s e t s k r ip s i yan g
s ed e rh an a i n i .
1 . K ep ada k ed u a o r ang t u a s a ya yan g s an ga t s a ya c i n t a i dan s aya
k a s i h i , Bap ak Fe r ry R o b e r t O sca r R o t i k an dan Ib u R a tn a M ar l ina
R o t i k an , be s e r t a ad i k k ec i l s aya yan g b a ik h a t i , N a t a s ya Feb r in a
R o t i k an , d an p am an sa ya yan g s an ga t h eb a t Fer d y P i a y , paman
p en as eha t s aya yan g s an ga t r en d ah h a t i Dad an g Dj up r i , s es eo r an g
s ah ab a t wan i t a s p es i a l b ag i s aya A m i ru Sh i mo gu ch i , s ahaba t k a r ib
s a ya a t au s eo ran g yan g s a ya an ggap s eb aga i s au d a ra , K ozak i
J ames S a tos h i , d an s ah ab a t s epe r ju an gan s a ya a t au K am erad J us t in
A . R eg i s t e r yan g t e l ah m emb er i k an du k un gan k ep ad a s aya b a ik
s eca r a f i n ans i a l a t au pu n i n fo rm as i s e l am a p en yu s u n an sk r i ps i
b e r l an gsu n g .
2 . K ep ada s e l u ru h dos en – do sen H I U P N “V et e r an ” J ak ar t a yan g
t e l ah m emb er i k an d or on gan dan s em an ga t b ag i s e l u ruh
m ah as i sw an ya u n tu k m em p er lu a s waw as an d an m en co b a d an
m en emu k an h a l – ha l b a ru me l a lu i k e l a s – k e l as a t aup un s eminar
d a l am u p aya u n tu k m en ye l e s a ik an b eb an p e r ku l i ah an d an tu gas
ak h i r a t au r i s e t s k r i ps i , t e r u t am a p a ra k ed u a do s en p emb im bin g
s k r i ps i u t am a d an j u ga do s en p em bim bi n g sk r i ps i p end ampi n g
s a ya , b apa k D r . M an su r , M.S i d an b apak I N yo m an Aj i Su adh ana
R a i , S .S os . , M . IR yan g t e l ah m emb an t u s aya d a l am d i s ku s i d an
p en ges ah an pe l ak s an aan tu gas akh i r a t au s k r ip s i s aya .
3 . T er im a k as i h p u l a k ep ad a s e l u ru h s ahab a t – s ah aba t d an k o l ega
s a ya yan g b e r ad a d i In d o n es i a , d i J ep an g , dan d i Am er ik a S er ik a t
yan g t e l ah m en gh ib u r d an m en o lo n g s aya s e l am a p e l ak s an aan
p enu l i s an tu gas ak h i r a t au r i s e t s k r i ps i s a ya d i D K I J aka r t a ,
In d o n es i a .
A k h i r k a t a , s aya i n g i n m e n yam p a ik an p e rmo ho n an m aa f ap ab i l a
t e rd ap a t h a l – h a l yan g t i d ak b a ik a t au ku r an g b e rk en an d a r i s a ya , b a ik
d a l am s e l am a k egi a t an m agan g m aup un d a l am p en u l i s an t ugas ak h i r a t au
r i s e t s k r ip s i s a ya sen d i r i . S aya h a r ap t u gas ak h i r a t au r i s e t s k r ip s i i n i
d ap a t b e rm an a f aa t b ag i s aya m au pu n s e lu ru h p i h ak yan g t e r l i ba t , d an
p a r a p em b aca s ek a l i an .
J ak a r t a , 2 J un i 2 019
B i n t an g A b ed n egoR ot i k an
KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI POLANDIA DALAM MERESPON
RESOLUSI KEBIJAKAN PARLEMEN UNI EROPA TERHADAP KRISIS
MIGRASI DAN SUAKA DI MEDITERRANIA
PERIODE 2015 – 2017
Bintang Abednego Rotikan
Abstrak
Situasi dan dinamika Eropa yang bergejolak mengenai krisis imigran yang
sedang tengah dihadapi Uni Eropa beserta seluruh negara – anggota nya yang
menjadi sebuah faktor mengapa gerakan – gerakan nasional – populis Eropa
bangkit yang diikuti dengan sikap sentiment negatif terhadap para pencari
suaka atau imigran asal Timur Tengah yang berdatangan secara massif ke dalam
Uni Eropa melalui kebijakan alokasi dan relokasi yang dibuat oleh
pemerintahan Uni Eropa. Yang juga telah menyebabkan berb agai gejolak
politik dan dilemma keamanan yang dihadapi oleh negara – negara anggota Uni
Eropa yang dimana negara Polandia menjadi fokus pembahasan dalam topik
ini, dikarenakan oleh aksi dan posisi Polandia yang menentang dan sangat
kontrovesial bagi tatanan modern Uni Eropa.
Kata kunci : Krisis imigran, Kebijakan Uni Eropa, Mediterrania, Nasional –
Populis, Resolusi Parlemen Uni Eropa, Polandia.
POLISH FOREIGN POLICY IN RESPONSE TO EUROPEAN
PARLIAMENT RESOLUTION ON MEDITERRANEAN AND EU
MIGRATION AND ASYLUM POLICY IN THE
PERIOD OF 2015 – 2017
Bintang Abednego Rotikan
Abstract
The turbulent situation and dynamics of Europe caused by the migrant
crisis that took place in the midst of the European Union’s and its member
states that driving the cause factors of the rising European national -populist
movements due to negative sentiments towards asylum seekers or immigrants
domiciled in the European Union through the alocation and relocation policy
made by the European Union government. Which has also caused by various of
major polit ical turmoils and security dilemmas within the European Union
member states which is Poland as the main focus of the discussion on this
research’s topic, related to the Poland's response and controversial action and
position in the modern European Union order.
Keywords : Migrant Crisis, European Union Policy, Mediterranean, National –
Populism, European Parliament Resolution, Poland.
DAFTAR ISI
BAB I Pendahuluan ............................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................... 7
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 7
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................................... 7
BAB II Tinjauan Pustaka ......................................................................................... 9
2.1 Tinjauan Pustaka ........................................................................................ 9
2.2 Kerangka Pemikiran ................................................................................ 14
2.2.1 Kebijakan Luar Negeri ............................................................................ 15
2.2.2 Peran ........................................................................................................ 22
2.3 Alur Pemikiran ......................................................................................... 24
BAB III Metode Penelitian .................................................................................... 25
3.1 Pendekatan Penelitian .............................................................................. 25
3.2 Jenis Data ................................................................................................. 25
3.3 Tekhnik Pengumpulan Data .................................................................... 26
3.4 Tekhnik Analisis Data ............................................................................. 26
3.5 Jadwal Penelitian ..................................................................................... 27
BAB IV Resolusi Kebijakan Parlemen Uni Eropa Terhadap Krisis Migrasi dan Suaka di
Mediterrania .......................................................................................................... 28
4.1 Kondisi Krisis Imigran di Uni Eropa ....................................................... 35
4.2 Operasi Gabungan Frontex Triton dan Poseidon (Frontex Joint
Operations Triton and Poseidon) ............................................................. 42
4.2.1 Operasi Triton (Operation Triton) ........................................................... 43
4.2.2 Operasi Poseidon (Operation Poseidon) .................................................. 44
4.2.3 Operasi Sofia EUNAVFOR di laut Mediterrania (EUNAVFOR Med Operation
Sophia) ..................................................................................................... 45
4.3 Relokasi Imigran ke Negara – Negara Anggota Uni Eropa .................... 47
4.4 Tantangan dan Hambatan Relokasi Imigran di Uni Eropa ...................... 53
4.4.1 Lemahnya Integrasi antara Imigran dengan masyarakat Eropa ............... 54
4.4.2 Ketakutan akan ancaman Terorisme dan meningkatnya Kejahatan ........ 55
4.4.3 Euroskeptisme dan Sentimen Nasionalis Eropa ...................................... 56
4.5 Bangkitnya Gerakan Nasional – Populis Eropa ....................................... 59
BAB V Kebijakan Polandia dalam Merespon Resolusi Kebijakan Parlemen Uni Eropa
Terhadap Krisis Migrasi dan Suaka di Mediterrania ................................. 63
5.1 Dampak Relokasi Imigran di Uni Eropa terhadap Polandia .................... 64
5.2 Gerakan Anti – Imigran Timur Tengah dan Afrika di Polandia .............. 68
5.3 Penolakan Skema Kuota Relokasi Imigran oleh Polandia ...................... 71
5.4 Respon Uni Eropa terhadap Kebijakan Anti – Imigran Polandia ............ 82
5.5 Kebijakan Polandia Tahun 2017 – 2019 .................................................. 85
BAB VI Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. 91
6.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. 91
6.2 Saran ........................................................................................................ 93
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................ 95
D A FT A R L A MPI RA N
( A PPE N D I CES )
A p p en d ix 1 . Th e Eu ro p ea n U nio n M ap (2 01 4 ) ; T h e E U M em b er S ta t e s
a n d E U R eg io na l T er r i t or y , p i c tu r e ’ s so ur ce : Eu ro p ea n Co u nc i l ; C ou nc i l
o f t h e E ur op ea n Uni on , 2 01 8 ,
h t t p s : / / ww w .con s i l i um .eu ro p a . eu / en /do cum ent s -
p u b l i c a t i o n s / pu b l i ca t i on s / eu r op ean - un i on -m ap /
A p p en d ix 2 . En l a rgem en t o f E ur op ean U nio n ; M emb ersh ip s , Mand a t es ,
an d Fou nd e rs , p i c tu r e ’ s s ou r ce : Enl a r gem en t o f t h e E ur o p ean U nio n ,
K r e j č í O . , In t e r n a t io na l Po l i t i c s ; V o l um e I : Gl ob a l P o l i t i c a l S ys t em
( 2 00 6 ) ,
A p p en d ix 3 . T h e P o l i t i c a l S ys t em o f t h e Eu r op ean U n io n ; t h e E U
Le g i s l a t i v e P r o cedu r e s , p i c tu r e ’ s so ur ce : Eu r op ean Unio n Leg i s l a t i v e
P ro cedu r es , 2 0 18 ,
h t t ps : / / en .w ik ip ed ia . o r g / w ik i /E ur op ean _ Un io n_ l eg i s l a t i ve_ p ro ced u r e# /
m ed i a / F i l e :P o l i t i c a l _S ys t em _o f _ th e_Eu r op ean_ Un io n . sv g
A p p en d ix 4 . Mi gra t i o n Ro u t es (2 014 ) , p i c tu re ’ s so urce : E uro p ea n
C ou n c i l on F ore i gn R e l a t i on s , 2 0 17 , Mig ra t io n t hr ou gh th e
M ed i t er ra nean : M a pp in g t h e E U R es po ns e ; D a t a o f U NHCR ,
h t t p s : / / ww w .ec f r . eu / s p ec i a l s /m ap p i n g_ mi gr a t io n
A p p en d ix 5 . M igr a t i on R ou t es (2 0 15 ) , p i c tu r e ’ s so ur ce : ( I b id . , )
A p p en d ix 6 . M igr a t i on R ou t es (2 0 16 ) , p i c tu r e ’ s so ur ce : ( I b id . , )
A p p en d ix 7 . M igr a t i on R ou t es (2 0 17 ) , p i c tu r e ’ s so ur ce : ( I b id . , )
A p p en d ix 8 . Ma in M i gr a to r y ro u t es i n t o t h e Eu ro pean U ni on ; F R ONT EX
Jo in t Op er a t i on s in s ecur i ng E U' s e x t e rn a l bo rd er s du r in g th e Mi gr an t
C r i s i s (20 14 - pr es en t ) , p i c tu re ’ s so urce : T h e Bu r ea u o f I n ves t ig a t i v e
Jo ur na l i s m , “ Euro p e ’s R e f ug ee C r i s i s ; I s Fro n t ex Bo rd er in g on
C ha os ?” , 2 01 5 , h t t p : / / l ab s . t h ebu r eau in v es t i ga t e s . co m/ i s - f r on t ex -
b o rd e r i n g - on - ch aos /
A p p en d ix 9 . Th e R equ es t ed M ig ra t or y R e l o ca t io n p rog ra m m e q uo ta
s ch em e f r om th e EU C om mi ss i o n t o t he EU m emb er s ta t e s as a co l l e c t i v e
r e sp on s ib i l i t y i n r es o l v i ng t h e Mig ra n t Cr i s i s i n Eu ro p e (2 0 14 -p r es en t ) ,
p i c tu r e ’ s s ou r ce: B BC N ews , Mig ran t Cr i s i s ; E U Mi n i s t er s a pp ro ve
d i s pu ted qu o t a p la n , 20 15 , h t t p s : / /w w w .b b c . co m/ new s / w or ld - eu r op e -
3 4 32 98 25
A p pend i x 1 0 . M igr an t Re lo ca t i on Sch em e f ro m th e Eu ro p ea n Un ion
(1 3 . 5 . 20 15 ) , p i c tu re ’ s so ur ce : Eu ro pea n C o mm iss io n , C om m uni ca t ion
f ro m t h e C om mi ss i on to t h e Eu ro pea n Pa r l i am en t , t he C ou n c i l , t he
E u ro pean Ec on o mic an d So c ia l C omm i t t e e a nd t h e C om m i t t e e o f t he
R eg i on s ; A Eu ro p ea n A gen da o n Mi gra t i on (20 15 ) , pp 2 1 .
A p pend i x 11 . Mi gra n t R ese t t l em en t Sch em e f ro m th e Eu ro p ea n Un ion
(1 3 . 5 . 20 15 ) , p i c tu re ’ s so ur ce : Eu ro pea n C o mm iss io n , C om m uni ca t ion
f ro m t h e C om mi ss i on to t h e Eu ro pea n Pa r l i am en t , t he C ou n c i l , t he
E u ro pean Econ o mic an d So c ia l C omm i t t e e a nd t h e C om m i t t e e o f t he
R eg i on s ; A Eu ro p ea n A gen da o n Mi gra t i on (20 15 ) , pp 2 2 .
A p p en d ix 1 2 . T h e R esu l t s o f t h e E U’s p o l i c y on As y l um S eeker s a nd
M i gr an t s r e lo ca t i on an d d i s t r i bu t io n t o t h e E U m emb er s ta t e s (2 0 17 ) ,
p i c tu r e ’ s s ou r ce: E u ro pean Co un c i l o n Fo re ig n R e l a t io ns , Mi gra t ion
t hr ou gh t h e M ed i t e r r an ea n : M ap p ing t h e E U R es po ns e ; “F or t r es s
E u ro pe”; D a ta o f E ur os ta t , 2 01 7 ,
h t t p s : / / ww w .ec f r . eu / s p ec i a l s /m ap p i n g_ mi gr a t io n
A p p en d ix 1 3 . T er r i tor ia l s ta t e o f t he R ep ub l i c o f Po la n d , p i c t ur e ’ s
s ou r ce: C en t r a l I n t e l l i g en ce A g en cy , t h e Wo r ld F a c t bo ok ; P o la nd , 20 19 ,
h t t p s : / / ww w .c i a . gov / l i b r a r y/ p u b l i c a t ion s / t h e -w o r l d -
f ac tb oo k / geos /p l . h tm l