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J Kurniarobbi
Nani Cahyani Sudarsono
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J Kurniarobbi
Nani Cahyani Sudarsono
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the social and economic environment,
the physical environment, and
the persons individual characteristicsand behaviours.
WHO: http://www.who.int/
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http://livelong
er.health.gov.au
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WHO. 2002. Common Risk Factor, Move for HealthWHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health
Elevated consumption ofenergy-dense, nutrient-
poor foods that are high
in fat, sugar and salt
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WHO. 2002. Common Risk Factor, Move for HealthWHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health
Reduced levels of physical activity at home, at school, at work
and for recreation and transport
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Elevated consumption of energy-dense,nutrient-poor foods that are high in fat,sugar and salt
Reduced levels of physical activity athome, at school, at work and forrecreation and transport
Uncontrolled stress
Use of tobacco
Pollution/dangerous substancesexposure WHO. 2002. Common Risk Factor, Move for Health
WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health
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Laporan RISKESDAS 2007
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Penurunan proporsi penyakit menular sebagaipenyebab dasar kematian tahun 2001-2007 tidakterlalu besar dibandingkan dengan periodesebelumnya (1995-2001). Di lain pihak,peningkatan proporsi penyakit tidak menular
selama periode tahun 1995- 2001 dan periodetahun 2001-2007 hampir sama.
Dengan demikian Pemerintah khususnyaDepartemen Kesehatan dan Dinas Kesehatanmenghadapi beban ganda, yaitu ancaman
penyakit menular yang penurunannyamelambat dan cenderung menetap, sertapeningkatan penyakit tidak menular yangmelaju cukup cepat.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan KesehatanDepartemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Desember 2008
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Kriteria aktivitas fisik "aktif: individu yang melakukan aktivitas
fisik berat atau sedang atau keduanya
aktivitas fisik 'kurang aktif: individu yang tidak melakukan
aktivitas fisik sedang ataupun berat perilaku sedentari : perilaku santai antara lain duduk,
berbaring, dan lain sebagainya dalam sehari-hari baik di
tempat kerja (kerja di depan komputer, membaca, dll), di
rumah (nonton TV, main game, dll), di perjalanan
/transportasi (bis, kereta, motor), tetapi tidak termasukwaktu tidur
Laporan RISKESDAS 2013
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Aktivitas fisik berat secara terus menerus melakukan kegiatan fisik minimal 10 menit
sampai meningkatnya denyut nadi dan napas lebih cepat daribiasanya (misalnya menimba air, mendaki gunung, lari cepat,menebang pohon, mencangkul, dll) selama minimal tiga hari dalamsatu minggu dan total waktu beraktivitas =1500 MET minute.
Aktivitas fisik sedang melakukan aktivitas fisik sedang (menyapu, mengepel, dll) minimal
lima hari atau lebih dengan total lamanya beraktivitas 150 menitdalam satu minggu.
Aktivitas fisik ringan Selain dari dua kondisi tersebut termasuk dalam aktivitas fisik
ringan
(referensi: WHO GPAQ, 2012; WHO STEPS, 2012)Laporan RISKESDAS 2013
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The Metabolic Equivalent of Task
Unit used to estimate the metabolic
cost of physical activity
A metabolic rate consuming 3.5
milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of
body weight per minute
The value of 1 MET is approximately
equal to a persons resting energy
expenditure
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Code Specific activities MET
07010 light lying quietly and watching television 1.0
21005 sitting, light office work, in general ?
05025
05026
05027
home activities multiple household tasks all at once,
light effort
moderate effort
vigorous effort
?
21040
21045
21050
walking,
less than 2.0 mph, very slow
3.0 mph, moderate speed, not carrying anything
3.5 mph, brisk speed, not carrying anything
?
2011 Compendium of Physical Activities
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"If we could give every individual theright amount of nourishment andexercise, not too little and not too much,
we would have found the safest way tohealth.
Hippocrates (460-377 BC)
octopedia.blogspot.com
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10 perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di rumah tangga
Pusat Promosi Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI
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10 perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di rumah tangga
Pusat Promosi Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI
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Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia 2012
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to advice a patient about healthy
active living
kemampuan lulusan dokter
mengkomunikasikan cara hidup aktif(kemampuan tingkat 4)
konsep, teori, prinsip maupun indikasi,
cara melakukan, komplikasi, dansebagainya
Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia 2012
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Physical Activities (Aktivitas Fisik) Human activities in life which involve muscles and certain
amount of energy expenditure
Exercise (Latihan Fisik): Structured physical activity characterized by specificmovement performed for health and/or amusement
purposes
Sports: Physical activity characterized by the element ofplay/game and involve competition with oneself, others or
natural elementBeyer E. 1992. Dictionary of Sports.
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Helping youth be active is fun for the
whole family and friends offer encouragement
some things can be done together encourage and support physical activity in the community
In todays world, physical activity has
to be built into busy schedules.
Public Health Agency of CanadaThe College of Family Physicians of Canada
Canadian Paediatric Society
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology 2002
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Public Health Agency of CanadaThe College of Family Physicians of Canada
Canadian Paediatric Society
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology 2002
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Public Health Agency of CanadaThe College of Family Physicians of Canada
Canadian Paediatric Society
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology 2002
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Public Health Agency of CanadaThe College of Family Physicians of Canada
Canadian Paediatric Society
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology 2002
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Public Health Agency of CanadaThe College of Family Physicians of Canada
Canadian Paediatric Society
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology 2002
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Public Health Agency of CanadaThe College of Family Physicians of Canada
Canadian Paediatric Society
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology 2002
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Public Health Agency of CanadaThe College of Family Physicians of Canada
Canadian Paediatric Society
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology 2002
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511 years children 1217 years children
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Primary
Reduction of risk
factors beforeoccurrence ofdisease, condition, orinjury
Secondary
Early detection ofthe potentialfor thedevelopment ofdisease or condition,or the existence of adisease while
asymptomatic
Tertiary
Treatment of anexisting symptomatic
disease process toameliorate its effects,or delay or prevent itsprogress
Perjalanan penyakit DM tipe 2
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AwalDM
Komplikasi
Kecacatan
Faktor lingkungan
(misal: gizi, gemuk,
kuranggerak)
Genetik :
Kematian
Hiperglikemi
HipertensiRetinopati
Nefropati
Aterosklerosis
Neuropati
Kebutaan
Gagal ginjal
PJK
Amputasi
Perjalanan penyakit DM tipe 2
Resistensi insulin
Hiperinsulinemia
TGT*
* =Toleransi Glukosa Terganggu
WHO Tech Report Series 1994
Slide: courtesy of Prof DR Dr Pradana Soewondo, SpPD-KEMD
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The Importance of treating Type 2 DiabetesType 2 diabetes is a progressive disease
Adapted from Type 2 Diabetes BASICS. International Diabetes Center 2000
Diagnosis
Insulin
Glucose
Prediabetes
(IFG/IGT)NGT Diabetes
Macrovascular changes
Microvascular changes
Inadequate
-cell function
Postprandial glucose
Fasting glucose
Insulin resistance
Insulin secretion
Slide: courtesy of Prof DR Dr Pradana Soewondo, SpPD-KEMD
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Role of physical activity and exercise
in disease prevention and rehabilitation
ACSM, Exercise for Chronic Diseases, 2001
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Self studyonline Health Care Providers Action Guide from Exercise is
Medicine
Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines & Canadian
Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines 2012
SEAL (Sports and Exercise as an
Active Lifestyle) elective on year V
FMUI
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