Download - Fluoride
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FLUORIDEyani corvianindya rahayu
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GIGI
jaringan tubuh yang paling keras struktur enamel-dentin
mudah mengalami demineralisasi porus (difusi ion)
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DEMINERALISASI larut/hilangnya mineral-mineral
pada enamel karena proses dekalsifikasi oleh asam mikroorganisme karies
REMINERALISASI Terdepositnya kembali minerl2 yg
hilang ke permukaan enamel
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KOMPOSISI ENAMEL Hidroksiapatit Ca10(PO4) 6
(OH)2 dan mineral-mineral (Ca, P, F, CI, Zn, Pb, Fe)
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Fluor masuk ke enamel dalam 3 periode:
Periode pembentukan gigi : F kadar rendah dlm cairan jaringan menyatu dgn kristal apatit
Periode kalsifikasi (Pra-erupsi) : F kadar yg lbh tinggi diserap oleh permukaan enamel yang berkontk dgn cairan jaringan
Periode post-erupsi : enamel terus menyerap F dari lingkungan rongga mulut sepanjang hidup
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APLIKASI FLUOR PADA ENAMEL
Agar bisa berikatan dgn enamel harus berbentuk FLUOROAPATITE
(Ion hidroksil digantikan ion Fluor) Ca10(PO4) 6 (OH)2 + 2F- Ca10(PO4) 6 F2 + 2OH-
Tidak semua F menjadi fluoroapatite; sebagian diserap permukaan kristal &
bergabung dg Ca membentuk kalsium fluorida (CaF2)
Sebagian terurai menjdi: Ca10(PO4) 6 (OH)2 + 20F 10CaF2 + 6PO 4 +2OH
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MEKANISME FLUORIDE DALAM PENCEGAHAN KARIES
1. Meningkatkan remineralisasi gigiF disaliva diserap permukaan gigi yg demineralisasi F menarik mineral lain hasilkan formasi mineral baru
2. Membuat gigi resisten thd kerusakanProses remineralisasi menghslkan komposisi mineral yg lbh kuat fluorapatit (lbh resisten thd demineralisasi)
3. Menghambat bakteri oral dlm menghsilkan asam F menurunkan bakteri plak yg menghslkan asam hambat kemampuan bakteri memetabolisme gula
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MACAM-MACAM APLIKASI PENGGUNAAN FLUORIDE
1. Tindakan untuk masyarakat
Fluoridasi air minum 0,7 -1,2 mg/L
Fluoridasi garam dapur 250 mg /kg garam
Fluoridasi susu Peningkatan diet sehat
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2. Tindakan untuk perseorangan
Obat kumur fluor 0,5 g/L larutan NaF (perhari)
Tablet fluor pemberian efektif sejak lahir – molar kedua erupsi (13-15 th) dosis: 0,25 – 0,5 mg / hari
Gel/pasta gigi F 0,1 % (menghambat karies 15-30%) paling praktis di Indonesia
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3. Tindakan oleh tenaga profesional
Topikal aplikasi SnF2 8%, NaF 2%, APF (Acidulated phosphat fluoride)
Profilaksis pasta F Pit & fissure sealants Scaling /pembersihan plak
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FLUORIDASI AIR MINUM
Efektif pada masa pembentukan email
Hidroksiapatit fluoroapatit (lbh tahan thd asam)
Konsentrasi F efektif : 0,7 – 1,2 mg/L (menurunkan karies 50-65%)
Dilakukan terutama pada daerah dgn kadar F rendah
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ACIDULATED PHOSPHAT FLUORIDE GEL Mengandung 1,23 % fluoride (12,3 ppm)
tdk dianjurkan utk perawatan sendiri Tdd campuran NaF, HF, asam ortofosforic Penggunaan bersama sodium
carboxymethyl selulosa pakai sendok cetak
Bersifat letal thd Streptococcus mutans awal pembentukan plak (pH 3,5)
Bersifat bakterisidal pda saatpH 2,5 – 3,0 pd pH rendah ion F yg tdk bermuatan (HF) lbh mudah masuk kedalam sel bakteri & mengganggu sintesis polisakarida intrasel
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FLUORIDE VARNISH
Mengikat erat fluoride enamel lbh baik dibanding TAF
mis. Fluor protector mengandung 1% difluorsilane / 0,1 fluoride
mampu menurunkan karies permukaan oklusal & bukal
menghambat pembentukan asam S. Mutans
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PASTA GIGI FLUORIDE Pasta gigi Tdpt bahan2 pencegahan karies : F,
antibiotik, senyawa amonium, enzim Komposisi umum dlm pasta gigi :
Bhn abrasif 20-40% melepaskan plak & pelikelDeterjen menurunkan tegangan permukaaanBhn pengikat alginat karet (mencegah
terpisahnya bhn padat & cair saat penyimpananBhn pelembab mencegah mengerasnya pasta
pd udara terbuka Bhn penyedap rasa peppertmint, cinnamon,
mentol, pemanis dllBhn2 lain : pengawet, pewarna, desensitisasi
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mengandung 0,5 mg fluoride per gram pasta gigi
menggosok gigi 2x/hari 0,8 – 2 mg fluoride
jika tertelan, jml F yg tinggi dpt menyebabkan FLUOROSIS
pasta gigi konvensional 1000 -1100 ppm fluoride (1 mg F/g paste) sodium monofluorophosphat atau stannous fluoride
monofluorophosphat bersifat antikaries dan bertukar tmp dg komponen apatit mengeluarkan ion F
pasta gigi anak-anak 250 – 500 ppm fluoride
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HUBUNGAN STREOTOCOCCUS MUTANS DENGAN TOPIKAL APLIKASI FLUOR
S. Mutans bakteri acidogenik (penghasil asam) dan asidurik (tumbuh dlm lingkungan asam), Strain gram positif, bulat berpasangan, membentuk plak dari sukrosa
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Fluoride masuk ke sel bakteri krn ada perbedaan konsentrasi
Ion F mengakibatkan penghambatan enzim yg berperan pd pengangkutan glukosa dlm bakteri produksi asam akan lbh lambat
Fluoride meningkatkanpermeabilitas sel bakteri, menyebar dgn cepat keluar dari bakteri menyumbang kandungan F dlm matriks plak
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Konsentrasi fluoride yg optimal dpt mengurangi populasi bakteri plak, dg cara : mengubah metabolisme KHMengurangi keasaman plakMengurangi adhesi S.mutans pd plak / pelikel
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FLUORIDE TOXICITY
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FLUOROSIS
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BAHAYA FLUORIDE
# Severe irritant: gangguan pencernaan, mual, muntah, diare
# laringitis, sesak nafas, sakit kepala & shock.
# Circulatory system : nadi lemah, hipotensi
# carcinogenic, brain damaging, endocrine disrupting
# Hydrofluorosilicic acid, sodium fluorosilicate, and sodium fluoride hsl produk industri sbg sumber kimiawi dlm supplai air minum
.
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50 % Fluor akan berakumulasi dlm tubuh, krn tdk mdh diekskresi lewat urin.
Mengendap di tulang – gigi – kartilago – tendon – dinding pembuluh darah - diekskresi melalui ginjal
The National Academy Of Sciences (NAS) stated :for the average individual, a retention of 2mg/day would result in Skeletal Fluorosis after 40 years
Harvard School of public Health : “children in high-fluoride areas had significantly lower IQ scores than those who lived in low-fluoride areas.”
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SELAMAT BELAJAR.......