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LEARNING ONJECTIVES
Aimed competency:
Conducting ethical justi f ication in every professional activities as a
medical doctor.
Topic : The Relevancy and the Dynamics of Development of
Medical Professional Ethics.
Lecture objectives:
1. Understanding the relevancy of the existency of medical
professional ethics. C3, A1, P1
2. Understanding the concept of biomedical ethics concept in
relation to medical professional ethics. C3, A1, P1
3. Understanding the determinant of bioethics development:empir ical experiences, phi losophic and sosciologic studies, and
rel igions norms. C3, A1, P1
4. Understanding the role and the position of professional organi -
zation in medical professional ethics codif ication.C3, A1, P13
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Ethics
Mankind Activities
Arts
Nice-badKnowledge
right-wrong
Moral
good-bad
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Moral dimension of the activities
value system: good or bad
morality
Morality for a specific ectivitiies/community
ethics
morality for medical professional
Medical professional ethics
= Medical Ethics
Meaning
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COMPETENCY
Specif ic privi lege Earned the life
3
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Medical Profession
Competency
dedicated his/her life
public trust
appreciationspecific privilege
authority
autonomyrecognized profession
Medical Profession
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RELEVANCY
Medical Profession Medical Ethics
Specific privilege
reciprocal commitment by the profession
a social contractquality care
updated competency
honorable care
medical profession ethics
ethical codes and guidelines
medical ethics3
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COMPETENCY
Specif ic privi lege Earned the life
Professional Ethics3
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RELEVANCY
Medical Ethics
Medical Ethics: A moral commitment by
the medical profession, that they wil l
honor the specif ic privilege trusted by thecommunity by render ing honorable
quali ty medical care.
Medical ethics code: the moral references
in render ing honorable medical care.3
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Other MEANING
A Study
Philosophical study
Moral philosophy
Ethics philosophy
What should be adopted
Theoretical Ethics - Normative Ethics
Prescr iptive Ethics3
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Other MEANINGS
A study
Empirical practices
Community morality
Applied EthicsDescriptive ethics
Sociologic study
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Biomedical Sciences
Medical Technologies
Rapid development
ample choicemore sophisticated
team approach
complicated system
Widening the scope of ethical problems
DEVELOPMENT
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Biomedical Sciences
Medical Technologies
Rapid development
Objectsubject: human - mankindThe studyoutcome of the study influence
human dignity
More expensive
Team approach - System
development of the dimensions/ intensity
of ethical problems
DEVELOPMENT
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before: focus mainly on patient safety and
interest
More complicated moral issue on:
Social justice
Human dignity
Respect of life
DEVELOPMENT
Dimensions and intensity
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BIOMEDICAL ETHICS CONCEPT
I ntegration all dimensions
BIOMEDICAL ETHICSBIOETHICS
Compilation all aspects of biomedical ethics
development
But sti l l in the context of health
study on ethical, social, laws on other issues
related to medical cares and biomedical sciences
A scientific disciplineMedical ethics is a part of bioethics.
Medical professional should comply to bioethics3
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DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ETHICS
Four media:
1.Empirical experiences
2. Sociologic studies
3. Philosophy studies
4. Religion norms3
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EMPIRICAL EXPERIENCES
Medical practice:
Rapidly develop
Moral conduct of doctors
Accepted morality
Compilation
New ethical guideline3
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SOCIOLOGIC STUDIES
Medical practice:
Varied practiced morali ty
Practiced
Sociologic studies
Generalization
Suggested ethical norms3
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PHILOSOPHIC STUDIES
Moral philosophy
Moral theory
Bioethics principle
Recommended norms
Theoritical ethics3
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Science
philosophy
MoralPhilosophy
Sciences
Moral
norms
rightwrong
nature
good
badendeavor
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THEORY
Utilitarian
Good - bad ~ Consequences
Multiple consequencesstudies
Rule Util i tar ianAct Uti l i tar ian
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THEORY
Deontology - Kantianism
Good - Bad ~ Ratio - thinking
Maxim = moral responsibilityPositive duties
Negative dutiesmultiple dimension
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THEORY
Individualism
Good - Bad ~ Individual right
freedom to decide - liberalism
Positive/ negative r ight
I ndividual person vs CommunityIndividual responsibility
3
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THEORY
Communitarian
Good - Bad ~ Communal morality
community responsibility X liberalism
3
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THEORY
Ethics of care - Feminism
Good - Bad ~ Emotional binding
Moral commitmentCaringLovingInner binding
I nter relationship
Reciprocal needs
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RELIGION
Religion norms
Practical
aspects
Interpretation
Ethical codes3
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Varied medium
Dynamics of thinking andpractices
Varied normsUniversalisme vs Relativisme
Basic principle: universal
Praxis: relative
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CODIFICATIONMedical ethics - World
World Medical Association
International Code of Medical Ethics
(London 1948 revision)
+ Declaration3
CODIFICATION
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CODIFICATIONMedical ethics - Indonesia
Peer Group
Professional Organization
MKEK IDI
Compi la t ion Codification
KODEKI
Fatwa - Pendapat3
CODIFICATION
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CODIFICATIONBiomedical study - World
Nurenberg Code1947
Autonomy Risk Scientif ic foundation
Helsinki Declaration1967ccccWritten protocol r isk managable
WHO-CIOMS1982-1983-1991
Ethical Review CommitteeUSPHBelmont Report1978-cccc
Animal study3
CO CA O
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CODIFICATIONBiomedical study - Indonesia
FKUI - Indonesian Dean - 1987Pedoman Etik Peneli tian
Kedokteran I ndonesia
Badan POM - 2000
Cara Uj i Kl inik yang Baik
Komnas Etik Penelitian Keseh. 2004
Pedoman Etik Peneli tian Kesehatan
I ndonesia3
CODIFICATION
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CODIFICATIONHospital ethics
Based on medical ethics
Pioneered by the doctor
Adopted by the government
PERATURAN MENTERI KESEHATAN
No.24/Menkes/SK/XII/1988.
Developed by peer group - PERSI
KODERSI-20013
DEVELOPMENT
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DEVELOPMENT
Regulation and enforcement
Community morality
Profession Ethics
System bylaws
State laws
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CLOSING REMARK
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CLOSING REMARKBioethics - dynamics
Focal point: professional conducts
Altruism
Holly tradition of medical profession
i . Believe in God.
i i . Pure goal
i i i . Holly character
iv. Humblev. Seriousness
vi. Scienti f ic and social integrity
vi i Peer spir i t3