Download - 2. Dioda
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Diode
PRIMAS EMERALDI
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Semikonduktor
Material yang bisa bersifat konduktor dan isolator.• Intrinsik Silikon (Si), Germanium (Ge)
4 elektron valensi Ikatan kovalen
• Tipe - n• Tipe - p
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Tipe - n
• elektron “ke-lima” dari atom fospor menjadi elektron bebas yang bisa berpindah tempat
• elektron bebas bisa menghantar arus• pembawa muatannya adalah elektron
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Arus pada semikonduktor tipe - n
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Tipe - p
• elektron dari atom silikon pindah ke atom boron• Atom silikon terjadi “hole” yang kemudian menarik elektron dari
atom silikon lain di dekatnya• Proses berlanjut dimana pergerakan “hole” menghasilkan arus
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Arus pada semikonduktor tipe - p
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Dioda
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Dioda
• Sambungan semikonduktor tipe-p dan tipe-n
np
Cathode n region
Anode p region
A KConventional Current Flow
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Tanpa Tegangan Bias
Distribusi muatan pada dioda
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Bias Mundur (VD < 0)
Distribusi muatan pada dioda
Polaritas dan arah arus
Bias mundur tidak terjadi aliran muatan (arus) , hanya arus minoritas yang disebut “reverse saruration current” (nano ampere)
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Bias Maju (VD > 0)
Distribusi muatan pada dioda
Polaritas dan arah arus
Bias maju terjadi aliran muatan (arus) mayoritas,
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Karakteristik Dioda (Si)
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Persamaan Shockley Karakteristik Dioda
Arus dioda (ID)
Tegangan termal dioda (ID)
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Contoh Soal 1
Tentukan tegangan termal suatu komponen dioda pada temperatur 27 ˚C ?
27 ˚C adalah temperatur ruang
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Zener Region
Tegangan zener (VZ) Tegangan bias mundur yang menyebabkan perubahan arus yang dramatis pada daerah tegangan negatif
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Perbandingan Karakteristik DiodeGe, Si dan GaAs
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Efek Temperatur (Dioda Si)
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Ideal VS Practical
Dioda mempunyai sifat yang menyerupai switch
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Resistansi
• Resistansi DC
Semakin besar arus yang melewati diode, semakin kecil resistansi DC nya
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Contoh Soal 2
Tentukan resistansi DC dari dioda berdasarkan kurva gambar di bawah ini pada: (a)ID = 2 mA, (b)ID = 20 mA, (c)VD = -10 V
(a) ID = 2 mA VD = 0.5 V
(b) ID = 20 mA VD = 0.8 V
(c)VD = -10 V ID = -IS = -1 μA
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Resistansi AC (dinamik)
Q operasi DCSemakin rendah titik operasi DC/ Q dimana arus kecil dan tegangan rendah maka resistansi AC semakin besar
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Contoh Soal 3(a) Resistansi AC pada ID = 2 mA
(b) Resistansi AC pada ID = 25 mA
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continued
(c) Jika dibandingkan dengan nilai resistansi DC
𝒓 𝑫=𝟐𝟕 .𝟓𝜴
𝒓 𝑫=𝟐𝜴
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Resistansi AC (Turunan)
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cont’d
rB = pada range 0.1 Ω untuk peralatan daya tinggi sampai 2 Ω untuk peralatan daya rendah
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Resistansi AC rata-rata
contoh:
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Level Resistansi
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Rangkaian Ekivalen Dioda
𝑽 𝑲 ≅ 𝟎 .𝟕𝑽
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Kapasitansi
• Bias mundur transition capacitance (CT)
• Bias maju diffusion capacitance (CD)
Nilai kapasitansi akan sangat berpengaruh pada aplikasi frekuensi tinggi
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Reverese Recovery Time
• Dioda membutuhkan waktu untuk berubah dari kondisi bias maju (konduktif) ke kondisi bias mundur(non-konduktif).
• Reverese Recovery Time (trr)• orde dari beberapa
nanosecond sampai 1 μs.• Penting untuk aplikasi high
frequency switchingts = storage time tt = transition interval
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Pengecekan Diode
Curve Tracker
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DIODA ZENER
Karakteristik dioda zener dengan model ekivalen untuk masing-masing daerah operasi
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Zener
• Potensial Zener VZ 1.8 V – 200 V• Rating daya ¼ Watt – 50 Watt• Potensial Zener sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan
temperatur.
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Contoh Soal
Barapakan nilai potensial zener suatu dioda zener 10 V pada temperatur 100 ˚C?
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LED
Proses Electroluminescene pada LED
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Kurva respon mata manusia terhadap energi cahaya
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LEDEnergi yang diberikan untuk terjadinya proses rekombinasi pada material semikonduktor sebanding dengan energi gap (Eg)
Panjang gelombang dan frekuensi dari cahaya dengan warna tertentu adalah berhubungan dengan energi gap dari material semikonduktor yang digunakan pada LED.
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