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Alkohol dapat meningkatkan produksi Reactive Oxygen Species dan menurunkan kadar antioksidan selular sehingga dapat merusak mukosa lambung. Alkohol cepat berpenetrasi ke dalam mukosa lambung dengan cara melepaskan radikal bebas dan meningkatkan permeabilitas mukosa sehingga memungkinkan difusi balik HCl (Suleymanet al., 2001). Suleyman H, Mehmet EB, Koruk M. 2001. The effects of Hippophae rhamnoides L. extract on ethanol induced gastric lesion and gastric tissue glutathione level in rats: A comparative study with melatonin and omeprazole. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 33: 77-81. Fernandez-Checa JC, Kaplowitz N. 2005. Hepatic mitochondrial glutathione: transport and role in disease and toxicity. Toxicol. Applied Pharm. 204:263-73. Ha H, Shin HJ, Feitelson MA, Yu DY. 2010. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in hepatic pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol.16(48):6035–43.

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Page 1: Daftar Pustaka

Alkohol dapat meningkatkan produksi Reactive Oxygen Species dan menurunkan kadar antioksidan selular sehingga dapat merusak mukosa lambung. Alkohol cepat berpenetrasi ke dalam mukosa lambung dengan cara melepaskan radikal bebas dan meningkatkan permeabilitas mukosa sehingga memungkinkan difusi balik HCl (Suleymanet al., 2001).

Suleyman H, Mehmet EB, Koruk M. 2001. The effects of Hippophae rhamnoides L. extract on ethanol induced gastric lesion and gastric tissue glutathione level in rats: A comparative study with melatonin and omeprazole. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 33: 77-81.

Fernandez-Checa JC, Kaplowitz N. 2005. Hepatic mitochondrial glutathione: transport and role in disease and toxicity. Toxicol. Applied Pharm. 204:263-73.

Ha H, Shin HJ, Feitelson MA, Yu DY. 2010. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in hepatic pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol.16(48):6035–43.