51DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Romesh K. Diabetes and metabolism. Estern Virginia: Departemen of Internal Medicine Estern Virginia Medical School; 2011.2. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Tahun 2030 prevalensi diabetes melitus di Indonesia mencapai 21,3 juta. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2012.3. Baynes JW. Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications. A new perspective on an old paradigm. Diabetes Med. 2003;125(48):1-9.4. Kangralkar, VA. Oxidative stress and diabetes. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Applications. 2010;1(1):38-45.5. Setiawan. Stres oksidatif dan peran antioksidan pada diabetes mellitus. Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia. 2005 Mar-Apr;55:87-90.6. Anggraeni C D, Subandono J, Kustiwinarni. Pengaruh pemberian angkak terhadap kadar kolesterol total darah tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) [skripsi]. Surakarta: Laboratorium Biokimia Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret; 2009. 7. Mardiani, T. Helvi. Pengaruh pemberian timbal (Pb) terhadap kadar malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma mencit [Tesis]. Medan: Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara; 2008.8. Comporti. Free radical from basic science to medicine. Switzerland: Birkhause Verlag Basel; 1993.9. Ilango K, Chitra V. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of fruit pulp of Limonia acidissima Linn. International Journal of Health Research. 2009; 4(2): 361-367.10. Ramdas P, Seema MT. Antioxidant activity and antimutagenic effect of phenolic compounds in Feronia limonia. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2010; 4(2):0975-1491.11. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes 2012. New York: Diabetes Care ADA; 2012.12. Corwin, Elizabeth J. Buku saku patofisiologi, edisi 3. Jakarta: Penerbit EGC; 2009.13. Soegianto B. Berbagai bentuk gangguan kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh radikal bebas. Banjarmasin: Pustaka Benua Universitas Lambung Mangkurat; 2010.14. Johansen. DNA Damage by reactive species: mechanism, mutation and repair. Jabalpur: Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing; 2005.15. David ES, Price SA, Wilson LM. Patofisiologi konsep klinis proses penyakit: pankreas, metabolisme glukosa dan diabetes melitus. Jilid 2. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC; 2006. 16. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Buku ajar fisiologi kedokteran. Edisi XI. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku EGC; 2007.17. Shulman GI. Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2000; 14(3):27-36.18. Wilcox G. Insulin and insulin resistance. Cinical Biochem.2005;26(2):12-39.19. Kahn BB, Flier JS. Obesity and insulin resistance. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2000; 106(4):20-27. 20. Garvey WT, Maianu L, Zhu JH, Brechtel-Hook G, Wallace P, Baron AD. Evidence for defects in the trafficking and translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters in skeletal muscle as a cause of human insulin resistance. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1998;101:23772386.21. Pessin JE, Saltiel AR. Signaling pathways in insulin action: Molecular targets of insulin resistance. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2010; 12(2):13-19.22. Robbins SL, Kumar V. Buku ajar patologi I-II. Ed. 4. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC; 2007.23. Reed MJ, Meszaros K, Entes LJ, Claypool MD, Pinkett JG, Gadbois TM et al. A new rat model of type 2 diabetes; The fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rat. Shaman pharmaceuticals. South San Francisco Saunders Company Metabolism. 2000; 49(11):1390-1394.24. Wang HJ, Yuan XJ, Wan S, Jing N, Tao W, Yong JL et al. Low dose streptozotocin (STZ) combined with high energy intake can effectively induce type 2 diabetes through altering the related gene expression. College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; 2007.25. Halliwel B, Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in biology and medicine. New York: Oxford University press; 1999.26. Windono T, Soediman S, Yudawati U. Uji peredam radikal bebas terhadap DPPH dari ekstrak kulit buah dan biji anggur (Vitis vinivera L). Artocarpus Media Pharmaceutika Indonesia; 2001: 34-43.27. Reynertson KA. Phytochemical analysis of bioactive constituens from edible Myrtaceae fruit [Dissertation]. New York: The City University of New York; 2007.28. Arief, S. Radikal Bebas [Internet] .2005 [update 2011 Mei 10; cited 2012 Des 12]. Available from: http://www.pediatrik.com/buletin/06224113752-x0zu61.doc.29. Soegianto B. Berbagai bentuk gangguan kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh radikal bebas. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius;2008.30. Droge W. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physol rev.2002; 82: 47-95.31. Chung, Stephen S.M. Contribution of polyol pathway to diabetes-induced oxidative stress. Hong Long: The University of Hong Kong, China. J Am Soc Nephrol; 2003.32. Yasa IWPS, Suastika K, Djelantik AAGS. Hubungan positif antara ulkus kaki diabetik dengan presentase sel bermarkah CD4+ pembawa malondialdehid [Tesis]. Denpasar: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana; 2007.33. Brownlee M. The pathobiology of diabetic complications, a unifying mechanism. Banting Lecture. 2005; 54:1615-1625.34. Soesilowati S. Diabetic neuropathy pathogenesis and treatment. Acta Medica Indonesiana. 2003;35(3):27-34.35. Sen, Saikat. Free radicals, antioxidants, disease and phytomedicines: current status and future prospect. Andra Pradesh: College of Pharmacy, Kurnool, India; 2010.36. Valko, Marian. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology; 2007.37. Powers Scott K. and Malcolm J. Jackson. Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production. Physiol Rev; 2008: 88:1243-1276.38. Winarsi H. Antioksidan alami dan radikal bebas. Yogyakarta: Penerbit kanisius; 2007.39. Kadiiska MB, Gladen BC, Bairrd DD. Biomarkers oxidative stress study ii : are oxidation products of lipids, proteins, and dna markers of ccl4 poisoning. Free Radic Biol Med. 2005; 38 (6): 698-710.40. Jawi IM dkk. Sirup atau ekstrak air ubi jalar ungu (Ipomea batatas L) dosis 4 ml efektif sebagai antioksidan pada tikus putih yang diberikan beban aktifitas fisik maksimal. Dexa Media. 2008; 21: 4.41. Evan P, Halliwell B. Micronutrients oxidant and antioxidant status. British Journal of Nutrition. 2001: 85(2):67-74.42. Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW. Biokimia Harper. Edisi 24. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku EGC; 2003.43. Muchtaridi, Anas S, Nenden I. Aktivitas antioksidan proantosianidin dari Tangkur (Polypodium feei Mett) secara in vitro akar. Arthocarpus Media Pharmaceutical.2006; 5(2): 1-6.44. Saad M. Catcher activity test A and B isolates radical faction ethanol leaf extract IV Dewandaru (Uniflora eugenia L.) methods DPPH [Thesis]. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surakarta; 2009.45. Choi J, Roche E, Caquet T. Characterization of superoxide dismutase activity in Chironomus riparius Mg. (Diptera, Chironomidae) larvae a potential biomarker. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C.1999; 124:7381.46. Wresdiyati, Tutik. Profil imunohistokimia superoksida dismutase (SOD) pada jaringan hati tikus dengan kondisi hiperkolesterolemia. Hayati, Bogor; 2006.47. Goodsell, David S. Molecule of the month: superoxide dismutase. [Scripps]. San Diego: RCSB PDB and The Scripps Research Institute School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of California; 2007.48. Pristiyanto D. Kawista (Ferroniela Lucida). Seminar biologi meuju millenium II. Pusat Penelitan dan Pengembangan Biologi-LIPI. Bogor; 2003: 97-105.49. Sukamto LA. Morfogenesis beberapa eksplan Kawista (Limonia acidissima L.) yang ditumbuhkan secara kultur jaringan, dalam Prosiding Heyne, K. Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia (Terjemahan) Jilid III. Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan Departemen Kehutanan. Jakarta; 1999.50. Verheji EWM, Coronel RE. Prosea sumber daya hayati Asia Tenggara 2. Jakarta: PT gramedia pustaka; 1997.51. Smita K, Prabhat K. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of L. acidissima linn. In alloxan induced rats. Der Pharmacia Lettre. 2009; 1(1):117-125.52. Satria E. Potensi antioksidan dari daging buah muda dan daging buah tua mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa Boerl) [Skripsi]. Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Institut Pertanian Bogor; 2005.53. Rohman A dan Riyanto S. Aktivitas antioksidan dan antiradikal buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.), Yogyakarta: MAK Fakultas Farmasi UGM; 2004.54. Pieta PG. Flavonoids as antioxidants. J. Nat. Prod.; 2000: 1043-1046.55. Sahidi F. Natural antioksidan an overview, in natural antioksidan chemistry, health effects, and application. Illionis: AOCS Press Champaign; 1997.56. Mudghal. Dietary polyphenols and human health. Asian Journal of Biochemistry. 2010; 5(3):154-162.57. Herdiyansyah E. Pembentukan senyawa fenolik dan fitoaleksin. Sukabumi: Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi; 2011.58. Stephen O, Adewole, and ezekiel A. Caxton-martins morphological changes and hypoglycemic effects of Annona muricata Linn. (Annonaceae) leaf aqueous extract on pancreatic -Cells of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. African Journal of Biomedical Research. 2006; 9: 173 187.59. Adewole SO, Ojewole JA. Protective effect of annona muricata linn (Annonaceae) leaf aqueous extracton serum lipid profiles and axidative stress in hepatocytes of STZ in treated diabetic rats. Afrjtradit Complement Altern Med. 2008; 6(1):30-41.60. Anderson RA. Chromium and polyphenols from cinnamon improve insulin sensitivity. Nutrition Society. 2008; 67(21):4853.61. Sriram PG dan Subramanian S. Fisetin, Bioflavonoid ameliorates hyperglycemia in STZ induced experimental diabetes in rats. Chennai : Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus India; 2011.62. Dmitry Govorko, Logendra S, Wang S, Esposito D, Komarnytsky, Ribnicky, and Raskin Ilya. Polyphenolic compounds from artemisia dracunculus L. inhibit PEPCK gene expression and gluconeogenesis in an H4IIE hepatoma cell line. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 293:15031510.63. Robinson T. Kandungan organik tumbuhan tinggi. Bandung: ITB. The organic constituents; 1995.64. Rotblatt M, Zimet I. Evidence-based herbal medicine. London: Haney & Belfus, Churchill Livingstone, INC; 2000.65. Burleson GR, Dean JH, Munson AE.Methods in immunotoxicology. New York: Wiley-Liss, Inc; 1995.66. Wong GHW, Elwell JH, Oberley LW. Manganous superoxide dismutase is essential for cellular resistance to cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor. The Cell Journals. 1989; 58:923-931.67. Hanafiah MJ, Amir A. Etika penelitian kedokteran dan hukum kesehatan. Jakarta EGC; 1999.68. Kusumawati D. Bersahabat dengan hewan coba. Yogyakarta: Gajahmada University Press; 2004.69. Udin MF. Pengaruh pemberian vaksin LDL yang dioksidasi kombinasi dengan adjuvan TT terhadap imunoglobulin g arteri [Tesis]. Malang: Program Studi Biomedik Imunologi Universitas Brawijaya; 2005.70. Jawi IM, Suprapta DW, Subawa AAN. Sirup atau ekstrak air umbi jalar ungu dosis 4 ml efektif sebagai antioksidan pada tikus putih yang diberikan beban aktifitas fisik maksimal. Jakarta:Medicinus; 2008.71. Sumastuti R. Efek antiradang lambung daun dan akar som jawa (Talznum paniculatum gaertn.) pada tikus putih in vivo. Warta Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia; 1999.72. Steyn DG. The effects of cativity stress on the blood chemical values of the Chacma baboon (Papio Ursinus). Pretoria: University of Pretoria South Africa. 1975; 9:111-120.73. Zhang F, Ye C, Li G, Ding W, Zhou W, Zhu H, et al. The rat model of type 2 diabetic mellitus and its glycometabolism characters. Exp. Anim. 2003; 52 (5): 401-407.74. Susilowati SD. Efek ekstrak daun pare (Momordica charantia) terhadap jumlah sel beta pankreas tikus wistar (Rattus novergicus) DM Tipe 2 dengan HFD dan STZ [Skripsi]. Malang : Fakultas Kedokteran Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Universitas Brawijaya; 2011.75. Prameswari GP, Wuragil ADK. Gambaran infiltrasi sel inflamatori dan aktivitas enzim Superoksida Dismutase (SOD) pada hewan model tikus (Rattus norvegicus) asma yang terpapar lipopolisakarida [Skripsi]. Malang: Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Hewan, Program Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Brawijaya; 2012.76. Adi R, Aulanniam, Sasangka P. Potensi ekstrak rumput laut coklat (Sargassum prismaticum) untuk meningkatkan aktivitas Superoksida dismutase (SOD) dan gambaran histologi jaringan hepar pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus) diabetes melitus tipe 1 [Skripsi]. Malang: Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Brawijaya. Kimia Student Journal. 2013; 5(3) : 414-420.77. Arif H, Sukarno, Erma R. Pengaruh kacang komak (Lablab purpureus L) terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan Malonaldehida tikus diabetes. Bogor: Departemen Ilmu dan teknologi Pangan, Fateta IPB. Jurnal Teknol dan Industri Pangan. 2010 ; 2(1) 122-124.78. Bhorke SH, Rama RB. Comparative efficacy of pioglitazone versus rosiglitazone on lipid profile and oxidative stress in hypercholesteremic rats. Kolhapur: Department of Pharmacology, R.C.S.M. Govt. Medical College, Kolhapur, Dist-Kolhapur Maharashtra India. CIBTech Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011; 2(1):3-9.79. Maghfur FM, Purnomo Y, Andriana D. Efek buah kawista (Limonia Acidissima L.) terhadap kadar SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) dan MDA (Malondialdehyde) hepar pada tikus model diabetes mellitus tipe II [Skripsi]. Malang: Fakultas Kedoktera Universitas Islam Malang ; 2013.80. Damayanti F, Purnomo Y, Martino YA. Efek buah kawista (Limonia Acidissima L.) terhadap kadar SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) dan MDA (Malondialdehyde) jantung pada tikus model diabetes mellitus tipe II [Skripsi]. Malang: Fakultas Kedoktera Universitas Islam Malang ; 201381. Szkudelski T. The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in cells of the rat pancreas. Physiology Research. 2007; 50: 536-54.82. Merentek E. Resistensi insulin pada diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran. 2006; 150:38-4183. Danda RS, Habiba NM, Rincon CH, Bhandari BK, Barnes JL, Abboud HE, et al. Involvement in a nongenetic rat model of type 2 diabetes. Kid International Journal. 2005;68:25622571.84. Irawati L, Dewi AR, Sulistyowati E. Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanolik biji S. cumini terhadap kadar SOD dan MDA serum tikus yang diinduksi dengan streptozotosin [Skripsi]. Malang: Fakultas Kedoktera Universitas Islam Malang ; 2012.85. Spasov AA, Maxeiner MP, Bulanov AE. Antidiabetic properties of Gymnema sylvestre. Pharma Chem J. 2008; 42(11): 626-629.86. Bhushan MS, Rao CHV, Ojha SK, Vijayakumar M, Verma A. An analytical review of plants for anti diabetic activity with their phytoconstituent and mechanism of action. Int J P. 2010; 2(1):11-13.87. Wang W, Liu LQ, Higuchi CM, and Chen. Induction of NADPH quinone reductase by dietary phytoestrogens in colonic Colo205 cells. Biochem Pharmacol J. 1998; 56:189-195.88. Dewi R. Bioaktivitas buah kawista (Limonia acidissima) dan penentuan sidik jarinya menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis [Skripsi]. Bogor : Departemen Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Pertanian Bogor ; 2013.89. Kannapan S, Jayaraman T, Rajasekar P, Ravichandran MK, Anuradha CV. Cinnamon bark extract improves glucose metabolism and lipid profile in the fructose-fed rat. Singapore Med J. 2006; 47(10) : 858.90. Soegondo. Penatalaksanaan diabetes mellitus terpadu. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI; 2007