daftar isi thaharah

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Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah Daftar Isi

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Seri Fiqih Kehidupan : 2

Thaharah

Ahmad Sarwat, Lc., MA

Rumah Fiqih Publishing


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Daftar Isi Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah

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Perpustakaan Nasional : Katalog Dalam terbitan (KDT)

Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah

Penulis, Ahmad Sarwat

474 hlm; 17,6 x 25 cm

ISBN 978-602-19893-2-6

Hak Cipta Dilindungi Undang-undang. Dilarang mengutip atau memperbanyaksebagian atau seluruh isi buku ini tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit.

Judul Buku

Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah

Penulis

Ahmad Sarwat, Lc MA

Editor

Aini AryaniHanif

Setting & Lay outFatih

Desain Cover

Fayad

Penerbit

Rumah Fiqih PublishingJalan Karet Pedurenan no. 53 Kuningan

Setiabudi Jakarta Selatan 12940

Cetakan Pertama, September 2012


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Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah Mukaddimah

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Muqaddimah

Segala puji bagi Allah Tuhan Yang Maha Agung. Shalawatserta salam tercurah kepada baginda Nabi Muhammad SAWjuga kepada para shahabat beliau, para pengikut dan orang-orang yang menjadikan beliau sebagai teladan hidup, hinggaakhir zaman.

Setiap ulama menulis kitab fiqih. umumnya diawali denganpembahasan tentang thaharah. Setiap guru agama mengajar ilmufiqih, bermula yang pertama kali dibahas thaharah. Dan setiapsantri atau murid belajar tentang fiqih, dia akan mendapatkanpelajaran pertama tentang thaharah.

Semua itu bukan sekedar kebiasaan, tetapi memang adaalasannya. Pelajaran fiqih membahas tema besar yang terkaitmasalah ritual ibadah, yaitu shalat. Dan shalat itu adalah ibadah

yang mensyaratkan adanya kesucian. Karena itulah umumnyasebelum bicara shalat, dalam ilmu fiqih umumnya diletakkanterlebih dahulu masalah thaharahpada urutan awal.

Buku yang Penulis susun ini juga mengikuti tradisi paraulama yang meletakkan pembahasan masalah thaharahdi urutanawal. Tentu alasannya tidak jauh berbeda dengan alasan yangbanyak dipakai para ulama.Kitab jilid dua ini terdiri dari bab-bab yang semua terkait dengan masalah thaharah.

Sistematika penulisan buku ini Penulis bagi menjadi empat


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Mukaddimah Seri Fiqih Kehidupan (2) : Thaharah

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bagian utama, yaitu tentang thaharah, najis, hadats danhubungan antara agama Islam dan thaharah.

Bagian pertamaBagian pertama dari buku ini terdiri dari 2 bab saja, yang

hubungan antara agama Islam dengan thaharah, dan jugadengan kebersihan, yang ternyata sangat erat kaitannya.

Bab pertama membahas hubungan antara Islam dankebersihan. Bagaimana dahulu bangsa Eropa menjalanikehidupan yang jorok, juga dibahas dalam bab ini.

Bab kedua membahas pengertian thaharah secara umum,sebelum kita bicara lebih dalam tentang detail-detailnya padabab-bab berikutnya.

Bagian Kedua

Bagian kedua dari buku ini terdiri dari tujuh bab yangkesemuanya terkait dengan hukum-hukum najis.

Bab pertama mengupas pengertian najis, hukum-hukumyang terkait dengan najis serta pembagian najis, baik

berdasarkan tingkat kesulitan untuk mensucikannya, ataupunberdasarkan sumber, wujud serta apakah najis itu asli ataupunbenda suci yang terkena najis.

Bab kedua mengupas tentang najis yang terkait dengantubuh manusia. Pada hakikatnya tubuh manusia bukan bendanajis. Sebagian dari apa yang keluar dari tubuh manusiamemang merupakan benda najis. Dan sebagian lainnnya bukanmerupakan benda najis. Dan tentunya juga ada yang disepakati

kenajisannya oleh para ulama, serta sebagiannya ada yang tidakdisepakati.

Bab ketiga mengupas tentang najis yang terkait denganhewan. Dimulai dari hewan yang masih hidup, dimana hewanitu sebagiannya ada yang najis dan sebagiannya suci. Demikianjuga dengan benda-benda yang keluar dari tubuh hewan,sebagiannya suci dan sebagiannya najis. Bab ketiga diakhiridengan bangkai hewan dan hukum-hukum yang terkait

dengannya.


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Bab keempatsecara khusus mengupas tentang benda najis-najis yang sepanjang zaman diperselisihkan hukumnya olehpara ulama. Di antara najis yang biasa diperselisihkan itumisalnya khamar, Alkohol, air mani, kotoran hewan, muntah,plasenta. Para ulama juga banyak berbeda pendapat ketikamenetapkan mana saja najis yang dimaafkan.

Bab kelima secara khusus membahas tentang kenajisan airliur (as-su'ru). Secara lebih rinci bab ini membicarakan hukumliur manusia, bahwa air liur wanita yang sedang haidh bukantermasuk benda najis, sebagaimana air liur orang kafir pun pada

hakikatnya bukan merupakan benda najis. Adapun air liurhewan, sebagiannya ada yang merupakan benda najis dansebagian lainnya tidak najis.

Bab keenam adalah bab yang secara khusus membahastentang bagaimana teknis dan ketentuan dalam pensucian bendanajis. Ada dua jenis benda najis, yaitu benda yang aslinyamerupakan benda najis, dan benda yang asalnya suci lalukemudian terkontaminasi dengan benda najis, sehingga

hukumnya ikut menjadi najis juga. Kedua jenis benda najis itubisa disucikan, dengan ketentuan-ketentuan yang telahditetapkan syariah.

Bab ketujuhsecara khusus mengupas tentang istinja', yaitubersuci dari buang air. Buang air besar atau air kecil, keduanyasama-sama mengeluarkan najis dari dalam tubuh manusia.Islam secara khusus telah mentapkan banyak ketentuan dalambuang air ini mulai dari tata cara beristinja' hingga adab-adab

yang harus dipraktekkan.Bagian Ketiga

Tema besar dari bagian kedua dari buku ini secar khususmengupas tentang hadats. Penulis menulis sepuluh bab yangberbeda terkait dengan masalah hadats ini.

Bab pertama membahas tentang pengertian hadats sertaperbedannya dengan najis. Selain itu bab ini juga membahastentang pembagian hadats kecil dan besar, penyebab dari


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masing-masing hadats itu serta larangan-larangan yang berlakubagi masing-masing hadats.

Bab kedua secara lebih detail dan rinci khusus membahastentang tata cara bersuci dari hadats kecil dan besar. Dimulaidari pengertian mengangkat hadats, kemudian masuk ke dalampembahasan syarat-syarat yang dibutuhkan untuk mengangkathadat.

Bab ketigamembahas tentang air terkait dengan hukumnyauntuk bersuci dan kelima jenisnya. Pertama adalah air mutlakyang hukumnya suci mensucikan. Kedua adalah air musta'mal,

yaitu air yang sebelumnya sudah digunakan untuk mengangkathadats. Ketiga adalah air suci bercampur dengan benda yangsuci, namun mengubah keadaan air itu. Keempat adalah airmutanajjis, yaitu air yang tercemar dengan benda najis. Dankelima adalah air yang panas serta hukumnya bila digunakanuntuk mengangkat hadats.

Bab keempat membahas secara panjang lebar tentangwudhu, antara lain tentang pengertian, masyru'iyah, hukum

wudhu, wudhu Rasulullah SAW, rukun wudhu, sunnah-sunnah wudhu, batalnya wudhu', serta batal yang hukumnyamasih diperselisihkan para ulama.

Bab kelima masih terkait dengan hukum wudhu, yaituhukum mengusap sepatu sebagai pengganti dari mencuci kakiketika wudhu. Ada beberapa masalah terkait dengan bab iniantara lain pengertian mengusap serta pengertian sepatu,masyruiyah, kalangan yang mengingkari syariat ini, praktek

atau tata cara mengusap sepatu, syarat untuk mengusap sepatu,masa berlaku dan hal-hal yang membatalkan.

Bab keenam membahas tentang mandi janabah. Hukum-hukum yang terkait dengan mandi janabah antara lain mulaidari pengertian, hal-hal yang mewajibkan mandi janabah, rukunmandi janabah, sunnah mandi janabah, mandi janabah yanddisunnahkan, hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan serta hal-hal yangdiharamkan buat orang yang belum mandi janabah.


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Bab ketujuh membahas tentang tayammum. Danrinciannya mulai dari pengertian, masyruiyah, kedudukantayammum sebagai pengganti wudhu' dan mandi janabah,kekhususan tayammum buat umat Nabi Muhammad SAW, hal-hal yang membolehkan tayammum, tanah yang bisa dipakaitayammum, cara tayammum, dan hal-hal yang terkait denganbatalnya tayammum.

Bab kedelapan membahas tentang haidh. Di dalamnyadikupas beberapa hal, antara lain pengertian, pembagian tigamacam darah wanita, syarat darah haidh, usia mulai dan

berakhirnya haid, masa haidh dan masa suci, serta berbagaiperbuatan yang haram dilakukan ketika sedang mendapat haid.

Bab kesembilan masih ada kaitannya dengan babsebelumnya, yaitu membahas tentang hukum nifas bagi wanitayang baru saja melahirkan. Mulai dari pengertian nifas, rentangwaktu nifas, baik minimal ataupun maksimal, larangan dankasus-kasus tertentu yang terkait dengan nifas.

Bab kesepuluh membahas tentang istihadhah yang sering

dialami oleh para wanita.

Bagian Keempat

Bagian ketiga atau bagian akhir dari buku ini membahastentang fithrah dalam Islam, yang sangat erat kaitannya denganthaharah dan kebersihan.

Bab pertama membahas tentang pengertian fithrah, dalil-dalil tentang anjuran untuk mengerjakannnya dan contoh-

contoh fithrah yang dianjurkan.Bab kedua membahas tentang syariat khitan, atau sering

juga disebut sunat. Dari segi hukum, ternyata para ulamamemang berbeda pendapat dalam status hukum khitan, adayang mewajibkan tapi juga ada yang menyunnahkan. Selainhukum, bab ini juga membahas manfaat khitan.

Bab ketiga dari bagian keempat ini membahas tentangkeutamaan memakai parfum, ibadah-ibadah yang disunnahkan

memakai parfum, larangan berparfum serta hukum parfum


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beralkohol.

Semoga buku ini bisa memberikan manfaat berlipat buat

kita semua, bukan karena sekedar dimengerti isinya, tetapi yanglebih penting dari itu dapat diamalkan sebaik-baiknya denganhati yang ikhlas karena Allah SWT.

Semoga buku ini bisa menjadi penambah berat amal Penulisserta menjadi hujjah di depan mahkamah ilahiyah di hari kiamatbahwa sebagian dari kewajiban yang ada di pundak penulissebagai thalibul-ilmtelah dilaksanakan.

Al-Faqir ilallah

Ahmad Sarwat


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Daftar Isi

Muqaddimah......................................................................................5 Daftar Isi ...........................................................................................11Bagian Pertama Thaharah............................................................... 27Bab 1 : Islam dan Kebersihan .......................................................... 29A. Syariat Islam : Kebersihan & Kesucian..................................................... 29

1. Perintah Bersuci...................................................................................................302. Kedudukan Bersuci dalam Syariah ...................................................................35

B. Kehidupan Jorok di Luar Islam.................................................................. 38

1. Ratu Isabella : Hanya Sekali Mandi Seumur Hidup .......................................392. Raja Louis XII : Hanya Dua Kali Mandi Seumur Hidup..............................393. Raja Perancis, Henri IV ......................................................................................404. Tidur Bersama Ternak ........................................................................................415. Kehidupan Sungai Gangga.................................................................................41

Bab 2 : Pengertian Thaharah ........................................................... 45A. Pengertian...................................................................................................... 45

1. Bahasa....................................................................................................................452. Istilah .....................................................................................................................46

B. Thaharah dengan Kebersihan..................................................................... 471. Suci Tidak Bersih.................................................................................................482. Bersih Tidak Suci.................................................................................................483. Suci dan Bersih.....................................................................................................49

C. Karakteristik Thaharah................................................................................ 491. Thaharah Adalah Ibadah Ritual ........................................................................492. Thaharah Tidak Diukur Dengan Logika atau Perasaan ................................50


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3. Thaharah Bersumber Dari Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah...................................52D. Pembagian Jenis Thaharah ......................................................................... 53

1. Thaharah Dari Najis............................................................................................532. Thaharah Dari Hadats ........................................................................................54

Bagian Kedua Najis ......................................................................... 57Bab 1 : Najis ..................................................................................... 59A. Pengertian...................................................................................................... 59

1. Bahasa....................................................................................................................592. Istilah .....................................................................................................................60

B. Hukum-hukum Terkait Najis ..................................................................... 601. Tidak Berdosa Menyentuh Najis.......................................................................602. Syarat Ibadah........................................................................................................613. Haram Dimakan ..................................................................................................624. Haram Digunakan Beristijmar...........................................................................635. Haram Diperjual-belikan....................................................................................636. Haram Ditempatkan Pada Benda Suci.............................................................70

C. Pembagian Najis........................................................................................... 721. Berdasarkan Tingkat Kesulitan Pensucian .....................................................732. Berdasarkan Sumber ...........................................................................................763. Berdasarkan Wujud .............................................................................................774. Berdasarkan Najis dan Mutanajjis.....................................................................78

Bab 2 : Tubuh Manusia & Najis...................................................... 81A. Tubuh Manusia Tidak Najis ....................................................................... 82

1. Tubuh Orang Kafir .............................................................................................832. Tubuh Orang Meninggal....................................................................................863. Tubuh Wanita Yang Sedang Haidh..................................................................874. Potongan Tubuh Manusia..................................................................................88

B. Najis Yang Keluar Dari Tubuh Manusia .................................................. 891. Darah.....................................................................................................................892. Muntah..................................................................................................................923. Kotoran dan Kencing .........................................................................................934. Nanah....................................................................................................................945. Mazi dan Wadi .....................................................................................................94

C. Bukan Najis Yang Keluar Dari Tubuh Manusia...................................... 94


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1. Air Liur..................................................................................................................942. Dahak ....................................................................................................................963. Ingus ......................................................................................................................974. Air Susu Manusia.................................................................................................975. Air Mata dan Keringat........................................................................................986. Kuku dan Rambut...............................................................................................985. Janin.......................................................................................................................996. Bayi ........................................................................................................................99

D. Keluar Dari Tubuh Manusia & Diperselisihkan ..................................... 991. Air Mani ..............................................................................................................1002. 'Alaqah.................................................................................................................1023. Mudhghah...........................................................................................................103

Bab 3 : Hewan dan Najis ................................................................105A. Hewan Hidup Yang Najis......................................................................... 106

1. Babi......................................................................................................................1062. Anjing..................................................................................................................1113. Hewan Buas........................................................................................................113

B. Najis Yang Keluar Dari Hewan ............................................................... 1151. Air Kencing & Kotoran ...................................................................................115

2. Darah...................................................................................................................1173. Keringat...............................................................................................................1184. Susu Hewan........................................................................................................1185. Telur.....................................................................................................................1206. Kulit.....................................................................................................................123

C. Bangkai......................................................................................................... 1241. Pengertian...........................................................................................................1242. Dalil Kenajisan...................................................................................................124

3. Kriteria Bangkai.................................................................................................125

D. Bangkai Yang Tidak Najis ........................................................................ 1331. Lalat dan Nyamuk .............................................................................................1332. Bangkai Hewan Laut.........................................................................................1343. Hewan Dua Alam..............................................................................................135

Bab 4 : Najis Yang Diperselisihkan................................................137A. Khamar ........................................................................................................138

1. Jumhur : Najis ....................................................................................................138


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2. Tidak Najis..........................................................................................................139B. Alkohol ........................................................................................................140

1. Alkohol Adalah Khamar ..................................................................................1402. Alkohol Bukan Khamar ...................................................................................1413. Apakah Alkohol Najis.......................................................................................144

C. Air Mani....................................................................................................... 1451. Jumhur Ulama : Najis .......................................................................................1452. Mazhab Asy-Syafiiyah : Tidak Najis ..............................................................146

D. Kotoran Hewan Yang Halal Dagingnya.................................................1481. Jumhur Ulama : Najis .......................................................................................1482. Mazhab Al-Hanabilah : Tidak Najis ...............................................................1493. Studi Masalah .....................................................................................................151

E. Bangkai Hewan Dua Alam ....................................................................... 1541. Mazhab Al-Hanafiyah.......................................................................................1552. Al-Malikiyah .......................................................................................................1553. Mazhab Asy-Syafi'iyah ......................................................................................156

F. Muntah .........................................................................................................1561. Muntah Najis......................................................................................................1572. Muntah Tidak Najis ..........................................................................................158

G. Plasenta .......................................................................................................158

1. Pengertian...........................................................................................................1582. Kajian Hukum....................................................................................................160

Bab 5 : Najis Yang Dimaafkan .......................................................163A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 163B. Mazhab Al-Hanafiyah................................................................................ 163C. Mazhab Al-Malikiyah................................................................................. 164D. Mazhab As-Syafiiyah dan Al-Hanbalilah............................................... 164Bab 6 : As-Suru...............................................................................165A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 165

1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................1652. Istilah ...................................................................................................................166

B. Suru Manusia.............................................................................................. 1661. Orang Kafir ........................................................................................................1672. Wanita Haidh .....................................................................................................168


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3. Su'ru Peminum Khamar...................................................................................169C. Hukum SuruHewan.................................................................................. 170

1. SuruHewan Yang Halal Dagingnya...............................................................1702. SuruAnjing dan Babi........................................................................................1703. SuruKucing .......................................................................................................1724. SuruKeledai dan Bagal ....................................................................................173

D. Perbedaan Pendapat di Kalangan Fuqaha............................................. 1741. Imam Abu Hanifah...........................................................................................1742. Al-Imam Malik...................................................................................................1743. Al-Imam Asy-Syafii ..........................................................................................174

Bab 7 : Pensucian Najis ..................................................................177

A. Thaharah Dari Najis .................................................................................. 177B. Mensucikan Benda Yang Asalnya Najis.................................................. 179

1. Penyamakan........................................................................................................1802. Istihalah...............................................................................................................184

C. Mensucikan Benda Terkena Najis ........................................................... 1901. Pencucian Dengan Air......................................................................................1912. Penyiraman.........................................................................................................1923. Penambahan Air ................................................................................................1934. Pengerikan ..........................................................................................................1945. Pengelapan (gosok) ...........................................................................................1956. Dikesetkan ke Tanah.........................................................................................1967. Dijemur Matahari Hingga Kering...................................................................1978. Taqwir .................................................................................................................1989. Diperciki Air.......................................................................................................19910. Diseret Di Atas Tanah....................................................................................199

Bab 8 : Istinja .................................................................................201A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 202

1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................2022. Istilah ...................................................................................................................2023. Istilah Yang Berdekatan....................................................................................202

B. Hukum Istinja............................................................................................. 2031. Wajib....................................................................................................................2032. Sunnah.................................................................................................................204

C. Praktek Istinjadan adabnya ...................................................................... 205


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1. Tangan Kiri.........................................................................................................2062. Istitar....................................................................................................................2063. Tidak Membaca Nama Allah...........................................................................2064. Tidak Menghadap Kiblat..................................................................................2075. Istibra..................................................................................................................2086. Kaki Kiri dan Kanan.........................................................................................2087. Tidak Sambil Berbicara.....................................................................................209

D. Istijmar ........................................................................................................ 209E. Hukum Istinja Buat Orang Bermasalah................................................. 211

1. Jumhur.................................................................................................................2122. Al-Malikiyah .......................................................................................................212

Bagian Ketiga Hadats.....................................................................213Bab 1 : Hadats .................................................................................215A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 215

1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................2152. Istilah ...................................................................................................................216

B. Perbedaan Hadats dengan Najis............................................................... 2171. Hadats Bukan Benda Tapi Status Hukum.....................................................2172. Hadats Disucikan Dengan Ritual....................................................................2173. Hadats dan Najis Menghalangi Ritual Ibadah...............................................218

C. Hadats Kecil................................................................................................ 2181. Pengertian...........................................................................................................2182. Penyebab Hadats Kecil.....................................................................................2183. Larangan Saat Berhadats Kecil ........................................................................2234. Berthaharahdari Hadats Kecil.........................................................................225

D. Hadats Besar............................................................................................... 2261. Pengertian...........................................................................................................2262. Penyebab Hadats Besar ....................................................................................2263. Larangan Saat Berhadats Besar .......................................................................2314. Berthaharah dari Hadats Besar.......................................................................234

Bab 2 : Mengangkat Hadats .......................................................... 237A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 237B. Hukum Mengangkat Hadats..................................................................... 238

1. Wajib....................................................................................................................238


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2. Sunnah.................................................................................................................238C. Syarat Wajib Mengangkat Hadats ............................................................ 239

1. Beragama Islam..................................................................................................2392. Berakal.................................................................................................................2403. Baligh...................................................................................................................2404. Sudah Berhenti Dari Haidh atau Nifas ..........................................................2415. Masuk Waktu......................................................................................................2416. Tidak Tidur atau Lupa ......................................................................................2427. Tidak Dipaksa ....................................................................................................2428. Adanya Media Bersuci ......................................................................................2429. Mampu ................................................................................................................242

D. Ritual Mengangkat Hadats ....................................................................... 2431. Wudhu................................................................................................................2432. Mandi Janabah ...................................................................................................2433. Tayammum?.......................................................................................................244

Bab 3 : Air....................................................................................... 247A. Air Mutlaq ................................................................................................... 248

1. Air Hujan ............................................................................................................2492. Salju......................................................................................................................251

3. Embun.................................................................................................................2514. Air Laut ...............................................................................................................2525. Air Zamzam .......................................................................................................2536. Air Sumur atau Mata Air ..................................................................................2557. Air Sungai ...........................................................................................................255

B. Air Mustamal.............................................................................................. 2561. Mazhab Al-Hanafiyah.......................................................................................2582. Mazhab Al-Malikiyah........................................................................................259

3. Mazhab Asy-Syafiiyyah....................................................................................2594. Mazhab Al-Hanabilah.......................................................................................2605. Batasan Volume 2 Qullah ................................................................................260

C. Air Tercampur Dengan Benda Suci ........................................................ 2621. Tetap Suci Dan Mensucikan............................................................................2622. Suci Tetapi Tidak Mensucikan ........................................................................263

D. Air Terkena Najis....................................................................................... 2641. Indikator Kenajisan...........................................................................................265


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2. Pensucian Air .....................................................................................................266E. Air Musakhkhan ......................................................................................... 267

1. Musakhkhan Musyammasy ..............................................................................2672. Air Musakhkhan Ghairu Musyammasy..........................................................268

Bab 4 : Wudhu 1 (Hukum Rukun & Syarat)..................................271A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 272

1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................2722. Istilah ...................................................................................................................272

B. Masyru'iyah.................................................................................................. 2741. Al-Quran.............................................................................................................2742. As-Sunnah...........................................................................................................2753. Ijma' .....................................................................................................................276

C. Hukum Wudhu........................................................................................... 2761. Fardhu .................................................................................................................2762. Sunnah.................................................................................................................279

D. Rukun Wudhu........................................................................................... 2821. Perbedaan Ulama Dalam Menetapkan Rukun..............................................2822. Niat Dalam Hati ................................................................................................2843. Membasuh Wajah..............................................................................................2844. Membasuh Kedua Tangan Hingga Siku ........................................................2855. Mengusap Kepala ..............................................................................................2856. Mencuci Kaki Hingga Mata Kaki....................................................................2867. Tartib ...................................................................................................................2868. Al-Muwalat (Tidak Terputus) ..........................................................................2879. Ad-Dalk...............................................................................................................288

E. Syarat Wajib Wudhu .................................................................................. 2881. Muslim.................................................................................................................2882. Akil.......................................................................................................................2883. Baligh...................................................................................................................2894. Terhentinya Hal-hal Yang Meniadakan Wudhu' ..........................................2895. Keberadaan Air Mutlak Yang Cukup.............................................................2896. Mampu Menggunakan Air ...............................................................................2907. Waktu Yang Tinggal Sedikit.............................................................................2918. Adanya Hadats...................................................................................................2919. Sampainya Dakwah Nabi SAW.......................................................................291


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F. Syarat Sah Wudhu....................................................................................... 2911. Ratanya Air Membasahi Anggota Wudhu' ....................................................2912. Tidak Adanya Penghalang di Kulit .................................................................2923. Berhentinya Penyebab Hadats.........................................................................2934. Ilmu Tentang Wudhu'.......................................................................................2945. Halalnya Air........................................................................................................294

Bab 5 : Wudhu 2 (Sunnah Makruh & Batalnya)............................ 295A. Sunnah-sunnah Wudhu ............................................................................ 296

1. Mencuci Kedua Tangan....................................................................................2962. Membaca Basmalah...........................................................................................2973. Berkumur, Istinsyaq & Instintsar ....................................................................297

4. Bersiwak..............................................................................................................2995. Meresapkan Air ke Jenggot..............................................................................3006. Membasuh Tiga Kali .........................................................................................3007. Berdoa Setiap Membasuh Anggota Wudhu..................................................3018. Membasahi Seluruh Kepala .............................................................................3048. Membasuh Dua Telinga ...................................................................................3049. Mendahulukan Kanan.......................................................................................30510. Takhlil................................................................................................................306

11. Menghadap Kiblat...........................................................................................30612. Memanjangkan Ghurrah dan Tahjil .............................................................30613. Shalat Sunnah Sesudah Wudhu.....................................................................307

B. Perbuatan Makruh Saat Wudhu' .............................................................. 3081. Wudhu Sambil Berbicara..................................................................................3082. Membasuh Leher...............................................................................................3093. Membasuh Kepala Tiga Kali ...........................................................................3094. Boros Air.............................................................................................................310

5. Wudhu di Tempat Yang Tidak Suci ...............................................................3106. Mengeringkan Bekas Air Wudhu' ...................................................................311

C. Batalnya Wudhu' Yang Disepakati........................................................... 3121. Keluarnya Sesuatu Lewat Kemaluan..............................................................3122. Tidur ....................................................................................................................3123. Hilang Akal.........................................................................................................3134. Menyentuh Kemaluan.......................................................................................313

D. Batal Yang Mukhtalaf................................................................................314


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1. Menyentuh Kulit Lawan Jenis .........................................................................3142. Keluar Benda Najis Dari Selain Dua Kemaluan...........................................3173. Memakan Daging Unta.....................................................................................3184. Memakan Makanan Yang Dibakar Api..........................................................3205. Memakan Makanan Yang Diharamkan..........................................................3216. Memandikan Mayat...........................................................................................3217. Ragu Sudah Wudhu' Atau Belum ...................................................................3218. Berghibah dan Bicara Kotor............................................................................322

Bab 6 : Mengusap Dua Khuff ........................................................ 325A. Pengertian Mengusap Khuff....................................................................... 325

1. Makna Mengusap...............................................................................................326

2. Pengertian Khuff.................................................................................................327B. Masyruiyah.................................................................................................. 327C. Kalangan yang Mengingkari...................................................................... 329D. Praktek Mengusap Sepatu ........................................................................ 330E. Syarat untuk Mengusap Sepatu ................................................................ 330

1. Berwudhu Sebelum Memakainya....................................................................3302. Suci dan Menutupi Tapak Kaki Hingga Mata Kaki .....................................3303. Tidak Najis..........................................................................................................3314. Tidak Berlubang.................................................................................................3315. Tidak Tembus Air .............................................................................................331

F. Masa Berlaku ............................................................................................... 331G. Yang Membatalkan.................................................................................... 333

1. Mendapat Janabah.............................................................................................3332. Melepas Sepatu ..................................................................................................3333. Berlubang atau Robek Sehingga Terlihat.......................................................3334. Basahnya Kaki yang Ada di Dalam Sepatu....................................................3345. Habis Waktunya.................................................................................................334

Bab 7 : Mandi Janabah................................................................... 335A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 336

1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................3362. Istilah ...................................................................................................................336

B. Hal-hal Yang Mewajibkan Mandi Janabah ............................................. 3371. Keluar Mani........................................................................................................337


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2. Bertemunya Dua Kemaluan.............................................................................3393. Meninggal............................................................................................................3404. Haidh...................................................................................................................3405. Nifas ....................................................................................................................3416. Melahirkan..........................................................................................................341

C. Rukun Mandi Janabah ............................................................................... 3421. Niat ......................................................................................................................3422. Menghilangkan Najis.........................................................................................3433. Meratakan Air ke Seluruh Tubuh....................................................................343

D. Yang Disunnahkan Ketika Mandi Janabah............................................ 3441. Mencuci Kedua Tangan....................................................................................3452. Mencuci Dua Kemaluan...................................................................................3453. Membersihkan Najis .........................................................................................3464. Berwudhu............................................................................................................3465. Sela-sela Rambut................................................................................................3466. Menyiram Kepala...............................................................................................3467. Membasahi Seluruh Badan...............................................................................3469. Mencuci kaki.......................................................................................................346

E. Mandi Janabah Yang Hukumnya Sunnah...............................................3471. Shalat Jumat........................................................................................................3472. Shalat hari Raya Idul Fithr dan Idul Adha.....................................................3483. Shalat Gerhana dan Istisqa..............................................................................3484. Sesudah Memandikan Mayat ...........................................................................3495. Sadar dari Pingsan, Gila atau Mabuk..............................................................3506. Haji dan Umrah .................................................................................................350

F. Yang Perlu Diperhatikan ........................................................................... 3501. Mendahulukan Anggota Kanan ......................................................................3502. Tidak Perlu Berwudhu Lagi Setelah Mandi...................................................350

G. Haram Buat Yang Belum Mandi Janabah.............................................. 3501. Shalat ...................................................................................................................3512. Sujud Tilawah.....................................................................................................3513. Thawaf.................................................................................................................3514. Memegang atau Menyentuh Mushaf ..............................................................3525. Melafazkan Ayat-ayat Al-Quran......................................................................3536. Masuk ke Masjid ................................................................................................354


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Bab 8 : Tayammum........................................................................ 357A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 358

1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................358

2. Istilah ...................................................................................................................358B. Masyruiyah.................................................................................................. 360

1. Dalil Al-Quran ...................................................................................................3602. Dalil Sunnah.......................................................................................................3613. Ijma.....................................................................................................................361

C. Tayammum Sebagai Pengganti Wudhu' dan Mandi.............................. 3621. Pengganti Darurat..............................................................................................3622. Pengganti Mutlak...............................................................................................365

D. Tayammum Khusus Milik Umat Muhammad SAW ............................ 367E. Tayammum : Rukhshah Atau Azimah ? ................................................. 367

1. Pendapat Jumhur...............................................................................................3682. Pendapat Al-Hanabilah.....................................................................................368

F. Hal-hal Yang Membolehkan Tayammum...............................................3681. Tidak Adanya Air...............................................................................................3682. Sakit .....................................................................................................................3703. Suhu Sangat Dingin...........................................................................................371

4. Air Tidak Terjangkau ........................................................................................3725. Air Tidak Cukup ................................................................................................3756. Habisnya Waktu.................................................................................................375

G. Tanah Yang Bisa Dipakai Tayammum................................................... 3751. Bolehkah Tayammum Menggunakan Benda-benda Sekitar? .....................3762. Tayammum di Atas Pesawat............................................................................376

H. Cara Tayammum........................................................................................ 3811. Cara Pertama......................................................................................................3812. Cara Kedua.........................................................................................................382

I. Sunnah Dalam Tayammum ....................................................................... 3831. Membaca Basmalah...........................................................................................3832. Tertib...................................................................................................................3843. Berkesinambungan............................................................................................384

J. Batalnya Tayammum................................................................................... 3851. Segala Yang Membatalkan Wudhu................................................................3852. Ditemukannya Air .............................................................................................386


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3. Hilangnya Penghalang.......................................................................................387Bab 9 : Haidh ................................................................................. 389A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 390

1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................3902. Istilah ...................................................................................................................390

B. Darah Wanita .............................................................................................. 3911. Darah Haid .........................................................................................................3912. Darah Nifas ........................................................................................................3913. Darah Istihadhah...............................................................................................391

C. Syarat Darah Haidh.................................................................................... 392D. Usia Mulai dan Berakhirnya Haid ........................................................... 392E. Masa Haidh dan Masa Suci....................................................................... 393

1. Masa Haid...........................................................................................................3932. Lama Masa Suci .................................................................................................394

F. Perbuatan Yang Haram Dilakukan Karena Haid................................... 3951. Shalat ...................................................................................................................3962. Berwudu atau Mandi Janabah.........................................................................3973. Puasa....................................................................................................................3974.Thawaf..................................................................................................................3985. Menyentuh Mushaf dan Membawanya..........................................................3986. Melafazkan Ayat-ayat Al-Quran......................................................................3997. Masuk ke Masjid dan Menetap........................................................................3998. Bersetubuh..........................................................................................................4029. Menceraikan Istri ...............................................................................................404

Bab 10 : Nifas ................................................................................. 407A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 407

1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................4072. Istilah ...................................................................................................................408

B. Rentang Waktu Nifas.................................................................................4091. Rentang Minimal................................................................................................4092. Rentang Maksimal .............................................................................................411

C. Larangan Ketika Nifas............................................................................... 4131. Shalat ...................................................................................................................4132. Berwudu atau mandi janabah .........................................................................414


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3. Puasa....................................................................................................................4144.Thawaf..................................................................................................................4145. Menyentuh Mushaf dan Membawanya..........................................................4146. Melafazkan Ayat-ayat Al-Quran......................................................................4157. Masuk ke Masjid ................................................................................................4158. Bersetubuh..........................................................................................................415

D. Kasus Terkait Nifas................................................................................... 4171. Adakah Nifas Karena Operasi Cesar?............................................................4172. Apakah Air Ketuban Yang Pecah Termasuk Nifas?....................................418

Bab 11 : Istihadhah..........................................................................421A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 421

B. Yang Termasuk Darah Istihadhah........................................................... 422

1. Darah Sebelum Usia 9 Tahun..........................................................................4222. Darah Setelah Usia Haidh (50-70 tahun).......................................................4233. Darah di Masa Suci............................................................................................4234. Darah sebelum melahirkan ..............................................................................4235. Darah Selewat Nifas..........................................................................................423

C. Perbedaan Istihadhah Dengan Haidh dan Nifas ................................... 4241. Tidak Mengenal Usia Minimal dan Maksimal...............................................4242. Tidak Ada Jadwal...............................................................................................4243. Darah Penyakit...................................................................................................4244. Warna Khas........................................................................................................425

D. Tiga Keadaan Istihadhah.......................................................................... 4251. Mumayyizah........................................................................................................4252. Kondisi kedua ....................................................................................................4253. Kondisi ketiga ....................................................................................................426

E. Hukum Wanita yang Istihadhah .............................................................. 4261. Tidak Berlaku Larangan Haidh .......................................................................4262. Hukumnya Hadats Kecil ..................................................................................428

Bagian Keempat Fithrah.................................................................431Bab 1 : Fitrah .................................................................................. 433A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 433

1. Bahasa..................................................................................................................4342. Istilah ...................................................................................................................434


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B. Dalil Tentang Fitrah................................................................................... 434C. Jumlah Fitrah .............................................................................................. 435D. Sebagian Dari Fitrah..................................................................................436

1. Mencukur Kumis dan Memanjangkan Jenggot ............................................4362. Menggosok Gigi.................................................................................................4373. Mencabut Bulu Ketiak......................................................................................4374. Mencukur Bulu Kemaluan...............................................................................4385. Memotong Kuku ...............................................................................................4386. Berkhitan.............................................................................................................4397. Berkumur dan Istinsyaq....................................................................................4418. Memakai Parfum................................................................................................4419. Mewarnai Rambut .............................................................................................441

Bab 2 : Khitan................................................................................. 445A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 445B. Masyru'iyah.................................................................................................. 446

1. Sejak Masa Nabi Ibrahim .................................................................................4462. Syariat Buat Umat Muhammad.......................................................................446

C. Hukum Mengkhitan................................................................................... 4471. Sunnah.................................................................................................................4482. Wajib....................................................................................................................4483. Wajib Buat Laki-laki Mulia Buat Perempuan................................................449

D. Usia Anak Dikhitan................................................................................... 4501. Hari Ketujuh Kelahiran....................................................................................4502. Usia 7 10 tahun...............................................................................................451

E. Manfaat Khitan........................................................................................... 4511. Bagi laki-Laki......................................................................................................4512. Bagi wanita..........................................................................................................451

F. Khitan dan Khitanan..................................................................................4521. Sunnah Khitan ...................................................................................................4522. Perayaan Khitanan Sebagai Sebuah Hajatan .................................................4523. Tidak Ada Doa Khusus....................................................................................453

Bab 3 : Parfum................................................................................ 455A. Pengertian.................................................................................................... 455B. Keutamaan Berparfum .............................................................................. 456


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1. Sunnah Para Rasul.............................................................................................4562. Kesukaan Rasulullah SAW...............................................................................4573. Sunnah Ketika Beribadah.................................................................................4574. Mencintai Keharuman adalah Fitrah..............................................................458

C. Ibadah Yang Disunnahkan Berparfum................................................... 4581. Shalat Jumat........................................................................................................4582. Shalat Iedul Fithr dan Ied Al-Adha..............................................................4593. Sebelum Ihram...................................................................................................459

D. Larangan Berparfum ................................................................................. 4601. Saat Berihram.....................................................................................................4602. Wanita dan Pria..................................................................................................4603. Wanita Yang Dalam Masa iddahKematian Suami.......................................461

E. Hukum Parfum Beralkohol ...................................................................... 462Penutup .......................................................................................... 467Pustaka........................................................................................... 469

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