cnsh dong vat

8/14/2019 CNSH dong vat

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TE BAO NGI VAONG VAT

(HUMAN CELL AND ANIMALBIOTECHNOLOGY)

NOI DUNG :

I. Nuoi cay cac te bao ong vat vangi.II. Khang the n dong.

III. Cay ghep c quan va cay phoi.IV. Tao dong (Cloning) vo tnh ongvat.V. Cac te bao goc (tem cell).

VI. Ky thuat che tao mo (Tissue


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CAC AC IEM : K thuat phc tap va kho thc

hien. ap ng nhieu nhu cau cap thiet

cho phong va cha tr benh.

Nhieu phat minh ong vat ratde ng dung cho ngi nen lanhng van e nhay cam oi vi dluan xa hoi.

Nhieu ng dung trong chan nuoi.


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Ch trong 4 nam cuoi cua the kXX a co 3 phat minh nen tangcua CNSH ong vat gay chan

ong d luan the gii va nhngthanh tu mi c thong baothng xuyen tren cac phngtien truyen thong ai chung nh

nhan ban vo tnh cu Dolly, tebao goc va khang the n dong.


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V T nam 1907, nuoi cay te bao ong

vat in vitro lan au tien cho thay cokha nang thc hien. en nam 1949, J.F. Enders nuoi mo ong vat thanhcong va a cho thay virus gay bai liet

(Poliovirus) co the phat trien trong cacte bao nuoi in vitro.

au thap nien 1950, te bao ong vatco vu c nuoi vi so lng ln enuoi nhieu virus bai liet (Poliomyelitevirus) che vaccine bai liet.


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VAT CO VU CO NHIEU NGDUNG :

ng dung chu yeu vao cac lnh vc : San xuat vaccin virus. San xuat cac protein, hormone tr lieu San xuat cac protein tai to hp dung

cho tr lieu bang cac te bao ongvat chuyen gen. San xuat cac khang the n dong. Ve lau dai., nuoi cay te bao ong

vat va ngi co the gop phan phuchoi cac c quan b thng ton hay chetao cac c quan nhan tao.


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nuoi cay te bao ongvat co vu. Nuoi te bao ong vat va ngi kho hn rat

nhieu so vi te bao VSV. Cac te bao c theong vat co s chuyen hoa cao nen chungkhong co tnh toan the (totipotency) nh tebao thc vat. Khi tach cac te bao e nuoi trongmoi trng nhan tao, chung co nhieu bieu hienac biet va khong phat trien c en c thetrng thanh. Thng xuat hien cac loai tebao vi so boi the khac nhau. Te bao bnh

thng sinh san en mot luc th chettheo chngtrnh.


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Mat o te bao at c saunuoi cay rat thap : tnh chungkhoang 1 trieu te bao/ 1ml sovi 10 t/ml vi khuan.

Sinh san rat cham : 15 en 40gi e tang oi so lng, vi

khuan vai chuc phut hay nhieulam la 1 hay 2 gi.

Te bao ong vat co vu rat

nhay cam vi cac yeu to moitrng nuoi gia 35 va 39oC

De nhiem vi sinh vat.


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Noi chung, mot quan the TBV nhay camkhi can nguon dinh dng thng nhanhchong chuyen sang pha chet. Van ekhong ch do mat the nang sinh tong hpma con cho cac te bao chet tan vaphong thch ra cac protease cung nhieuchat bat li. Cac chat nay gay tr ngaiang ke en hieu qua thu hoi va lam

phc tap hn viec tach san pham khoimoi trng va tinh sach.

Xet t goc o kinh te, s hoan thien kthuat nuoi vat va chu ong s dung

chung trong cong nghiep la van ekhong n gian.


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nh cac te bao enuoi

Khi au mot manh mo vo trung emx li vi protease trypsin, e tach cacte bao ri nhau ra. Dch te bao cayvao bnh thuy tinh hay nha co ayphang rong cha moi trng dinhdng long. Cac te bao sau khi quaphalag se bam vao ay va bat aunguyen phan.

Dong te bao nuoi trc tiep t mo abiet hoa la dong nuoi s cap (primaryculture). Cac te bao phan chia a nhanhchong tao lp n (monolayer).


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thng.b. Khong co km ham tiep xuc tebao ung th


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Viec tao lp n la bieu hien acbiet cua cac te bao bnh thng dotnh chat c goi la km ham tiep xuc(contact inhibition). S km ham bi tiepxuc c thay ro khi lp n te baob lay mat mot lom, cac te bao ralom trong se lai chia en khi lap knlom trong th dng khong chia na.Cac te bao t mo ung th hoac abien oi (transformed) th mat s kmham tiep xuc, nen chia lien tuc taothanh nhieu lp te bao chong lennhau


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e nhan cac dong te bao s capquax li trypsin, thuan tien hn cala s dung cac mo cua phoinh

mo c-da, than, phoi,... Cac te baophoi co hoat tnh hap thu dinhdng manh khi tach khoi c theva bo gen cua chung tng oi on

nh trong qua trnh nuoi. Co thenuoi cay tot cac mo cua khoi u.

Tren thc te, dong nuoi te bao

co the nhan c t bat ki monao.


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Cac te bao dong s cap co the tach khoibnh bang x l vi trypsin hay EDTA (kiem).Chung co the dung tao dong nuoi th cap(secondary cultures) bang cach a vao moi

trng dinh dng mi nong o cao. Cac tebao dong s cap co the qua hang loat caychuyen. Chung sinh san vi toc o on nhqua nhieu lan chuyen va tao nen chung tebao (cell strain). Cac dong khong ton tai vohan ma phan chia ch mot so lan nhat nhtrc khi toc o tang trng giam va chet.V du, cac te bao ngi ch chia 50 100

lan.


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lien tuc (Continuous celllines) Khong phai tat ca cac te bao c the ong

vat eu cho cac dong s cap ma tat cacac the he th cap eu chet. Phan lncac te bao chuot chet sau khi chia 30 50lan, nhng mot t a bien oi co hnh thaikhac, tang trng nhanh hn va co khanang bat au dong nuoi t mot so lng tte bao. The he t nhng te bao ngoai leo ton tai vo han, khac vi cac chung te

bao nguon, chung la cac dong te bao (celllines).


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Phng phap nuoi cay tebao ong vat co vu

a. Xac nh cac te bao e nuoi

Hnh 7.1. Hien tng km hamtiep xuc.

a. Km ham tiep xuc tebao bnh thng.

b. Khong co km ham tiepxuc te bao ung th.

Hnh 7.2. Bioreactor (May dungtui) nuoi te bao ong vat.ay la mot cai tien mi v

cho en nay chu yeu nuoi tebao trong bnh thuy tinh hoac

nha.


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.(Continous cell lines)Dong

tebao

Loai

goc

Mo goc Hnh thai Boi the Tangtrng

tronghuyenphu

3T3L

CHOBHK 21

HelaWishHep-2

KB

ChuotChuotChuotbach

Chuot SiriNgi

"

"

Mo lien ket"

Buong trngThan

Ung th naoMang oi

Ung th thanhquan

Ung th muihau

Nguyen baosi"

Bieu bNguyen bao

siBieu b

"

"

a boi lech"

Ta lngboi

Lng boia boi lech

"

"

KhongCo

"""??

Co


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Thiet b nuoi Co the dung bnh Roux va bnh tru

e nuoi quy mo nho


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ln tren gian ke


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Dung bi trong bioreactorhieu qua cao gap 60 lan


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ong vat

Bi t (M d t i)


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Bioreactor (May dung tui)nuoi te bao ong vat.

4 M i t di h d


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4. Moi trng dinh dng vacach pha che

Moi trng nuoi t nhien Moi trng nuoi tong hp Cac thanh phan can ban cua moi trng

dinh dng va cach pha cheMoi trng dinh dng phai thoa man:1/. Nhng ion vo c can ban (Na, Ca, K).2/. Ap suat tham thau chnh xac.

3/. pH chnh xac (thng gi 7-7,3).4/. Nguon nang lng t glucose.5/. Co phenol e de theo doi pH.

o p a


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Kh trung,loc

Thu &th

Them pH

o p ache :

Cac chat bosung

Nc Muoi Cacvitamin

-dch thuy cacprotein- chat tang trng- dd iem, chong bot- antiblotics- Antifungicides- Chat ch th

- cat nhieu lan- mat ion- gi 800c

- tan trongnc

- tan trong alkali

Huyet tng

- Kh mau ong cuc, tietdch, lam trong, loc, th


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D.Qui trnh khai quat va cach x

li e thu cac loai san pham

vaccine

Tinh che

interferon

ThTach tebao

Khang the,hormoneVirus songCho vao moi trng

kch thch tao interferon

Tinh sach, coac

Them moitrng duy tr

Lay moi trngkiet chat dinh

dng ra

Lay moi trng can dung

dch ra

Pha loang trong moitrng va Acid

butyric

Cac te baonuoi

5 C d


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5. Cac ng dung cuanuoi te bao ong vat.

San xuat vaccine virus.

San xuat cac protein tr

lieu (nh interferon). San xuat cac chat lienquan mien dch.

San xuat cac hormone. San xuat cac virus diet

cac loai sau hai. II HYBRIDOMA VA CA C


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II. HYBRIDOMA VA CA CKHANG THE N

DONG. Nam 1975, Kohler Milstein phat minh ra

khang the n dong. Nguyen ly san xuat :

- Gay ra nhng te bao bnh thng cokha nang tao khang the .

- Lai nhng te bao nay vi te baoMieloma ung th. Qua trnh lai nay hieuqua khi dung virus Sendail bang dung hpte bao.

- Chon loc cac dong lai va mang tnhchat tao khang the va sinh san vohan ( goi la dong lai hybridoma).


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T h h t th


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- Tang o nhay cac chat thdung phan ng mien nhiemcac khang nguyen khong dung

nap (Histocompability)- Chan oan: ung th,..- Lieu phap: cha tr ung th

ung cho.- Tinh sach cac san pham laprotein.- Giup phat hien v tr cua

protein qua khang the co ganchat ch th (nh phat huynhquang).


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III. TAO DONG

(CLONING) VO TNH. Thang 2/1997, Wilmut cong bo nhanban vo tnh ong vat(Animalcloning) cu Dolly. Thanh cong nay

m ra trien vong to ln trong nhangiong nhieu loai ong vat khacnhau t nhan cua te bao soma (tebao thng cua c the), ke canhan ban ngi.


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Te bao Prokaryotae.


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IV CAC TE BAO GOC


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IV. CAC TE BAO GOC1. Te bao goc phoi va te bao goc soma

T au thap nien 1940, cac nha nghien cu aphat hien cac dong te bao goc phoi(embryonic stemcell) chuot. va cho thay chung co tiem nang sinh sanva phat trien khong gii han nh co the biet hoa taoc, xng, cac te bao gan,

Trong nhieu thap ki qua, cac nha khoa hoc chu

trong cac te bao goc phoi chuotnham tao cacong vat chuyen gene hn la tao ra cac mo tangtrng in vivo. Cho en cuoi 1998, 2 nhom nghiencu oc lap dan au bi J. Thomson, Madison vaJohn Gearhart (M) mi tuyen bo ho a nuoi caythanh cong te baogoc cua ngi.


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TE BAO GOC

nh ngha te bao goc : ola nhng te bao co kha

nang t tai sinh keo dai vohan va co the tao ra t nhat1 kieu te bao hau due c

biet hoa mc cao.

Trc phat hien cua M. Goodell ve cac te bao


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pgoc soma (somatic stem cell) cac te bao ctrng thanh, cac nha khoa hoc cho rang chcac te bao giai oan sm cua phoimi co

tnh toan the (totipotency) hay a the(pluripotency) tc kha nangphat trien tao cathe hoan chnh hay thanh nhieu loai te baobiet hoa.

Trong khi Gearhart ang loay hoay vat lon vi

cac te bao goc phoith Goodell tap trung vaocac te bao goc soma. Ho a thiet ke mot thnghiem phuc hoi tuy xng cho chuot b chieuxa bang cac te bao goc c lay t nhng conchuot trng thanh.

cu a


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cu angi(~ 200

micromet)vi

cactinhtrung

baoquanh

i


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triencacdong te

baot

hpt

Te bao


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Te baogoc

phoisinhsan tao

nhieudongte bao

biethoakhac

nhau Cac te bao goc co 2 con ng e t tai


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g gsinh va biet hoa. Mot la chung tao ra trctiep cac te bao biet hoa bang cachphanchia bat oi xng (1 te bao goc cho ra 2 te

bao con, 1 van la te bao goc, con cai kia late bao tien biet hoa se trai qua biet hoa).Hai la tao ra nhieu quan the te bao va ditac ong cua cac nhan to ac hieu se tao ra

cac te bao biet hoa. Cac te bao mam s khai cua ngi va

chuot trong moi trng pha tron nhieuyeu to tn hieu (signaling factors) eu co

the phat trien thanh cac te bao gocphoi co tnh a the trong biet hoa va ttai sinh.


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ton thng Mot so nghien cu


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ton thng. Mot so nghien cuthanh cong cho thay cac mobieu b co kha nang tai lapchng trnh phat trien hngbiet hoa thong qua nhng thayoi moi trng ngoai mo cua

chung.

te bao goc phoi


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te bao goc phois khai vi cacac tnh : 1) co

the tao ra mothan kinh hoacc lay t he

than kinh ; 2) cokha nang t taisinh ; 3) co the tao

ra cac te baokhac te bao banau qua s phanchia bat oi xng.

Co s phan biet cac te bao goc toan the(totipotent stem cell) vi cac te bao goc a the


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(totipotent stem cell)vi cac te bao goc a the(pluripotent stem cell). Mot te bao goc toan the cothe cho ra mot c the hoan chnh co ca he thankinh trung ng lan ngoai vi (nh mot hp t). Concac te bao goc a the th co the biet hoa cthanh bat k loai te bao nao ke ca te bao thankinh, ngoai tr te bao cuong nhau.

Cac te bao goc la n v c s khong nhng cuaqua trnh tao phoi, ma ca tan tao oi vi mot c thetrng thanh, tai tao a dang cac loai mo. Cac nghien

cu cho thay co the tat ca cac mo va c quan euphat sinh t cac te bao goc va cung cha te bao goc. Hien a xac nh c trong mau ngi co 1 te

bao goc/1 trieu te bao va a co may t ongsang loc te bao goc t mau e s dung vaonhieu muc ch khac nhau.

2 Kha nang ng dung


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2. Kha nang ng dungThanh cong cac te bao goc phoi se m ra

mot vien canh ng dung vo cung sang sua.ac biet no thao g hang loat cac tr ngaithen chot trong cac k thuat khac cua CNSHong vat va co the noi ve vai tro cachmang hoa CNSH ong vat.

Th nhat, nuoi cay mo te bao ong vatsegap kho khan la te bao bnh thng khongnuoi c thanh dong v chet theo chng trnhva hn 50 nam qua van s dung cac dong tebao ung th e nuoi cay. Nuoi te bao goc se

c thc hien de dang hn vi nguon te baodoi dao co the thu c t cac loai mo khacnhau cua ngi.

Th hai, ap ng chnh xac ac hieu mien dch t th h t b th


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cua tng ca the nh nguon te bao goc co thethu c t moi ngi va cha tr ngay cho chnhho. ieu nay m ra lnh vc mi la lieu phap tebao (dung te bao goc khoe manh bnh thng

thay the te bao benh). ng dung cay ghep cacte bao goc e ieu tr cac benh thoai hoa ngaycang tr nen quan trong va pho bien. Lieu phapte bao se a y hoc len tam cao mi.

Th ba, khang the n dong se tao de dang vi

te bao goc ngi. Th t, nhan ban vo tnh se de dang hn vi

nhan cuate bao goc.

Th nam, k thuat thay the va ghep moh i th hi d d


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hay c quan ngise thc hien de danghn vi te bao goc cua ngi c ieukhien e phat trien thanh c quan nhmong muon.

Co the noi, s ket hp k thuat te baogoc vi cac lnh vc khac se tao nhieubc ot pha trong CNSH ong vat.

Van e ln nhat hien nay oi vi te bao

goc soma la s tat dan kha nang phanchia va biet hoa sau mot thi gian nuoicay. Chnh ieu nay anh hng en cacng dung trong y hoc. Goodell cho biet cacte bao goc phoi chuot lai khong co han

che nay, thi gian nuoi cay len en 10nam.

hnh


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hnh Ghep cac te bao goc tao mau trong ieu tr cac

tnh trang khac nhau cua s suy thoai he thong taomau. e tang so lng cac te bao goc, ngi taket hp s dung them yeu to tang trng tebao goc (stem cell factor), mot cytokin tao mau vakch thch te bao goc a the cua tuy xng.

Cha tr cac benh thuoc he than kinh do s thoaibien cac te bao than kinh. V du nh benh

Parkinson, trong o cac te bao tiet dopamine bchet ; benh Alzheimer, trong o cac te bao sanxuat cac chat dan truyen than kinh b chet ;benh teo c (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) do cac tebao than kinh van ong b chet v.v

Tai tao da sau cha tr bong.


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Tai tao mo c xng qua thu thuat ghepcac te bao goc phoi trung b hay cac benhxng, sun trong chan thng chnh hnh.

Nghien cu lieu phap te bao goc (stemcellstherapy) nham lam giam ton thng sau cnnhoi mau c tim ngi benh.

ng dung vao cac thu thuat ghep tuyxng.

Cac te bao goc dung nh vec t chuyengene trong thu thuat ghep t than nham caitien tnh trang sc khoe nhieu loai benh nhkha nang phuc hoi ve so lng va chat lngte bao.

Cha tr cac benh t mien dch, suy giam miendch nh ai thao ng typ 1 AIDS Nam 2001


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dch nh ai thao ng typ 1, AIDS. Nam 2001,a co thong bao ve thanh cong trong lieuphap gene ghep t than qua cac te bao goc echa tr nhiem HIV. Gene anti-HIV-1a c a

thanh cong vao cac te bao goc ghep vi cacte bao CD4. Bang cach nay, gene antisense anti-HIV-1 se gan vao mRNA va c che c chcnang di truyen cua virus HIV.

Ho tr cho cac lieu phap chong ung th hiennay nh giup phuc hoi tuy xng sau hoa tr lieu,phong xa tr lieu,... Ngoai ra, hien nay anghng vao lieu phap thay the c quan.

VAT


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VAT1. D ghep (xenotransplantation)

Nhieu benh nhan can thay the c quan mi

song c. Thng 15% so ngi benh b chettrc khi nhan c c quan thay the. e khacphuc khiem khuyet nay, phng phap s dung cquan cua ong vat c nham ti. Cac c quancua heo (ln) la oi tng co nhieu ha hen v

van tim heo dung thay the cho van tim ngi tronghn 30 nam qua cha co van e va ch cannuoi heo 4 5 thang a thu c c quan thay the.e thc hien d ghep thanh cong can phai cche phan ng thai ghep c quanla.

galactosyl-transferase la enzyme gay


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g y y g y

phan ng thai ghep,thu the giup c

the mi nhan biet c quan la).

ghep


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ghep Heo va kh bamboo co the cung cap nhieu

c quan cho d ghep ngi (hnh 10.16). Tuy nhien, van e la khi ghep c quan

cua heo co the b nhiem virus gay hai chongi hay khong ? Do o co khuyen cao la

Ch v li ch cua mot so ca nhan maanh hng li ch cong ong. Tnh hnhcang nghiem trong hn khi nhieu loai virusgay cac benh mi xuat hien nh virus gaydch cum gia cam co the nhiem sang cthe ngi.


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VI. CAC CONG NGHE SINH


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VI. CAC CONG NGHE SINHSAN NHAN TAO NGI

1. Can thiep vao sinh san ngi a) Cac nguyen nhan vo sinh ngi : Vosinh (Infertility) la hien tng pho bien ngi. Co nhieu nguyen nhan dan en vosinh t pha nam gii cung nh n gii.

nam gii, nguyen nhan co the do so lngtinh trung thap, tinh trung khong di ong hayco khang the chong lai tinh trung. n gii, nguyen nhan co the do s cotrong rung trng, tiet chat chong tinh trung,ong dan trng b nghen.

(artificial insemination


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(artificial insemination AI) Ky thuat ra i sm nhat. Ca autien thc hien vao nam 1790. ennam 1953, tinh trung c onglanh va bao quan nen bien phapnay tr nen pho bien. Hien nay,hn 250000 tre em tren toan the

gii c sinh ra moi nam nhphng phap nay.

u n rong o ng


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u n rong o ngnghiem) : Tach te bao trng cho thu tinh vi tinh trungtrong ong nghiem hoac a Petri. Sau o phoi

c a vao t cung ngi mang thai. abe ong nghiem (test-tube baby) au tien sinhra nam 1978. en nam 1997, rieng M a

co 24582 tre em sinh ra nh IVF, chiem 0,6%cua 3,9 trieu tre em sinh ra tren toan thegii hang nam. IVF thc hien vi ch ph caova t le thanh cong trung bnh la 14%.

T nam 1995, mot k thuat mi la


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T nam 1995, mot k thuat mi latiem tinh trung vao te bao chat(intracytoplasmic sperm injection ICSI) ra

i. Neu tinh trung khong xamnhap vao te bao chat th tiemthang vaote bao trng. ICSI hieuqua hn nhieu so vi IVF, nhat latrng hp lng tinh trung t hoact le tinh trung khong bnh thngcao.

2 phng phap mi co hieu quavi chi ph thap hn IVF la :

intrafallopian transfer)


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intrafallopian transfer) chuyen giao t vao ong

dan trng K thuat thu tinh bang tinh trung ngay tren c the

ngi me. Trong GIFT, ngi me c kch thchsieu rungtrng trc mot tuan va vai trng to

nhat c lay ra. Tinh trung tot nhat cung cthu. Ca trng va tinh trung cung c at vaoong dan trng cho tiep xuc vi nhau e thu tinh.GIFT cho ket qua 26% vi gia re ch mot na sovi IVF. Ngoai ra, mot so ton giao chap nhan

kieu sinh san nay.

ZIFT (Zygote


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ZIFT(Zygoteintrafallopian transfer)

chuyen hp t vaoong dan trng la bien

dang cua GIFT khi hpt IVF c a vaoong dan trng vi ket

qua trung bnh 23%.

san nhan tao ong


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san nhan tao ongvat nuoi

a) Thu tinh nhan tao Thu tinh nhan tao c ap dung ong vat

(cho) t nam 1782. ac biet t nam 1949 as dung chat chong ong e ong lanh va raong tinh trung ong vat thanh cong. Nam 1952,

con bo au tien sinh ra nh tinh trung ong lanh. San xuat tinh ong vien : Thu nhan tinh trung,

loai bo nc, pha loang trong moi trng thchhp va nh chat chong ong, chat bao quanlanh co the bao quan tinh trung lau dai trong

nitrogen long (196OC) dang vien.

Ki thuat giai ong c ap dung trc khigieo tinh nhan tao San xuat tinh ong vien


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gieo tinh nhan tao. San xuat tinh ong vienap dung rong rai ln, bo, ca. Nh tinhong vien ma thu tinh nhan tao c ng

dung cho hn 80% bo, 60% ln cac ncphat trien. Van e quan trong la phai cophng phap anh gia va chon c con cco nang suat cao nh nhieu sa, tangtrng nhanh .

Nam 1959, con tho au tien ra i nh IVF.K thuat thu tinh trong ong nghiem c apdung cho ong vat quy hiem.

b) Cay chuyen phoi


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b) Cay chuyen phoi(Embryo transplantation) T nam 1951, con bo au tien ra i nh cay

chuyen phoi. Quy trnh tien hanh qua cac bc : Thu nhan hp t : Trc tien gay sieu rung trng

nh hormone ; tiep theo thu, nuoi trng ; ke tiepthu tinh trong ong nghiem e co hp t va taophoi.

Cay chuyen phoivao ong vat cai la bc tieptheo. Cay chuyen phoi can cac ki thuat lien quankhac nh nuoi trng chn in vitro, tao hang loat phoit ong vat nang suat cao, cat phoi,...

Xac nh gii tnh phoi


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Xac nh gii tnh phoi(sexing embryos) nham tang

hieu qua cay chuyen phoibang cach s dung moiac hieu nhiem sac the Y

khuech ai gen bang PCR. Ngoai ra, con co thecay ghep phoi gia cac

loai tao cac ong vatkham.

CONG NGHE GEN


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CONG NGHE GEN ONG VAT

1. Cac phng phap chuyen gen ong vat

Cac phng phap chuyen gen ong vatgom :

Tai nap nh virus : Gen cua ngi c chenvao bo gen herpes virus va no nhiem vao tebao ngi e chuyen gen.

Tai nap nh retrovirus : Bo gen RNA cua

retrovirus mang gen ngi, xam nhap te baosoma ngi va phien ma ngc e tao CDNAmach kep, chen vao nhiem sac the ngi.

Chuyen gen nh liposome : la cac manglipid goi DNA trong xam nhap te bao


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lipid goi DNA trong, xam nhap te baosoma a gen vao thay gen benh.

Hoa bien nap : Calcium phosphate hay

dextran sulfate m cac lo tren mang eDNA xam nhap.

ien bien nap : Dong ien m cac lotren mang e DNA xam nhap.

Vi tiem : Dung kim bm DNA vao te bao. Ban vi an ao : Dung luong kh manh

thoi cac vien an (vang hoac tungsten)c bao DNA xam nhap te bao.


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2. Cac tnh trang chuyen


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2. Cac tnh trang chuyengen ong vat nuoi Ngoai cac protein tr lieu va c quan e

ghep, cong nghe gen con cai thien nhieutnh trang cua ong vat nuoi.

Cac tnh trang nang suat : Kha nang ong

hoa thc an cao, tang chat lng cua tht,sa, long va giam m. Gen hormone tang trng : dong heo mang

gen hormone tang trng cua bo, cuoi 1989nhan c the he hai. Heo nay tangtrng nhanh hn, m t hn nhng mang ratnhieu benh.

Kch thch s tang trng c : ga co gen cSKIkch thch s tao c manh hn (hypertrophy) bnh


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( yp p y)thng, giam m. Viec a gen nay vao heo setao nen giong co nhieu tht va t m hn. Trenthc te, a tao c 5 con heo vi mc tangtrng c cao hn bnh thng 3 thang tuoi : 3con co vai va ui to hn, con 2 con kia th stang trng c qua mc bnh thng nen chco vai to hn. Nhng con heo nay co chan yeuva c trn yeu nen can tiep tuc nghien cu ehoan thien.

Tang nang suat tao long ( cu) : Chuyengen hap thu cystein t cac vi khuan vao cue tang nang suat long.

VI. CONG NGHE SINH HOC ONG VAT


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TRONG CHAN NUOI.

1. Kiem soat s sinh san vat nuoi. Kiem soat noi tiet chc nang sinh san

ong vat. ieu hoa chu trnh sinh san hu tnh

ong vat.2. Cac bien phap sinh san nhan tao vatnuoi.

Tinh va phoi ong lanh.

Thu tinh ngoai c the ong vat. Cay chuyen phoi ong vat Cay ghep phoi gia cac loai tao V

kham

cnsh dong vat

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