d a d I. n o r i ~ u ~ d i d (vernier caliper)

2. hbdiflor"al~rR^~d~i (micrometer caliper)

3. n~ulr0~moi(spherometer) d 4 d

4. ~n$Pithni~n~i~~a~7iuur~ip1~~do~ ~mz?b~d~o~m~~n'iodi~n::riiuw

~ l J ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ J ~ U ~ ~ ~ l S i ~ ~ U i ~ ~ U d ? ~ l ~ 1 ~ d ~ ~ 1 V d l ~ d ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ n ' l (nfd f l~ i t l l~ i f i r~ iu ) i a mrin~nq n38doudnaiuftclwnin(crm) dirilfp~rinf5ninunz~n~o~uoLj,w niaCl~dudutms

drzuiaiimviid n a i u i r ~ ~ n i ~ d i n ~ l f o ~ u ~ o ~ n ~ ~ n o ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ n n u * o u n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u n ~ ~ ~ ~ t l ~ ~ u ' ~ r ~ ' ~ ' ~ r ~ ~ ~ u i a

nl38d~nmnlSd(observatim) ~ ~ n z n i d # i u r n ~ o ~ u o ~ n ~ n ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i u i f fl~wn'i~#nzt8u~uin o d i ~ ' l a 8 A a miumroruoVn$udauf ~ o ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ o d n a ~ u ~ n ~ o d ~ ~ d ~ d ~ $~u~~n~riidl8~uln#i#u~fiun'i6tfluo?.j

iqudk n a 1 u ~ n ~ o ~ d u d i ~ ~ i d ~ < ~ ~ n ~ d ~ 1 0 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 u 8 i u u i n u u 1 ( s i f i digit) ~fiu#iu?urot i r ri?mur~ut~iii~uos~~~uianUB~q o z d i h h u ? u u o ~ ~ n u ~ ~ 6 ; 0 1 n ~ n ~ o ~ u o ~ 3 ~ n ' i l 8 ~ ~ n ~ ~ 1 t ~ i u " o n n d ~

ii? ~~1~~1nnnmnnziukudrzuia (estimate) ,

A a I ~ ~ ~ Q I ~ ~ A ~ K ~ u D P ~ u ~ ~ ' L ~ ~ L P I J o ~ u ~ ~ i 3 ~ ~ 6 i ~ ? ~ ~ d l d i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ nf~no1~6itimnciit

Kunmuq 41 kulaw~:hmu~nhu$~i~u<a~ninnz~u~nud~zuia

d Y nilimdnznRoie~~iiiimn~jidfiuiglnuou mmrzciurodhuauiw~'idaoudiisdu(avera~e value)

i i n ~ f i ~ n a i u t d u d i (precision) r o ~ n i r l d u I

nia~mlumitimuiuinm4"daznou#au huauimzwriau (d imensid unit) k J u n i r u o n

d?uitukq k~osuon&diuiiimzwu'auuo~fiuitu~uq % ~ c z d o n a i u w u ~ u ~ i ( g n ~ o ~ i ~ ~ d i ~ ~ ~ ~ c ~ ~

14 d * d

I. ~aea~uaa~m$mlmsa'

wtin(win scale w4o fixed sde) d d i i i ~ i f l u ~ r i a u id^ 6 W?Q .I.u,) ifludo-aq (o i~ i f lw 16 $01 wfo d d

lo 80 dauinnoumczSnmn8vnii niniao5~4uiiui(vsnis scale) Pdo~d~no.ti(iuro~ninnwtin (idu

lestcount - - S-V - - S - n

PH 1 13, (L)

d n d 0x11 2.2 d u ~ u ~ 1 k l l ~ n ~ u & u o u f i i ~ ~ i a e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ u n ' ~ 1 i i n ~ ~ G n i n n ~ ~ n hm?ounmniaoi a d n d w a d d n d iuurtuunn 1 uouriuclrunuutln 1 uoufilnnain iaoriuurorn~oudl~rturniumdu (s -v) t i i n

d d a d u n d d n d n 2 uo~mnniaor iuurc l r~nm 2 uoqnmnni7n iaoriuuroem#oud~d~#rr:uz~iui~u 2(s -v) J n d 1uJiiuesAuafiuii-u~ tiutln n ueu u a d Idf i r~nuunn n usu~mnniYn iaeiifluf8

otmdoud~d(;mdi (niuuai) viiq d n d guhoufimnnoriuu~nr~n'u"u~fi 1 ue i d nuiunai~l i i iaof~~~~innou~Inl I# 1 Jsu

uoufiinnniYnwe; 60 rzuzniu s

. . S - V - = Lest Count - - S n

nto nV = " (n -1)s

a a S aanm 4oirarinunir lest couny = S- V = - = - 1

6 n 132

1 1 runcidrbnou - = - 132 12x11

\ ' 6a1fuumt8onlJY n = 1 1 doa I

dold~oirarmunir n v = (n-1)s 1

nmn~qoi~iiai #~~- IuI Iu~~-

I

#n~rano~nn'u (viFjo-Inudrnma~ir?)

8 I l ~ l l ~ 1 l ~ l l ' ~ l l ~ l l ~ l l ~ I I ~ I I ~ I I ~ I I ~ I I ~ I I ~ I

0 1 2 3 r :

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132

34 PH 1 13 (L)

n rdn 1. diudidnmnnhdou kugd?ngubuoanmnnof iuuf ? i o C d n u n ~ ~ u o ~ ~ i n n w ~ n h tuw

d n d+ 2 ~8d1dr:~iolmn1~n~duc~n~nn~~cfiuuf~i0~u'~r~n'u"u~~1~el~n01n~n~11d1~d1d1~~ituuoin"ufi ~2 1 u u n i n n w ~ l o ~ n i ~ ~ i u u o ~ " ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ i n n i ~ o f i i i u i i ~ u lunuoiulX 5.10 au. ( g l ~ l 2.5 )

I d a 4 a y O ) Y d . ~ d ~ 2. r%u%nano ~ ~ n o r . u O ) ~ . w 4 ~ ~ ? ~ i l ~ e l ~ n n n ~ n d o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i u u o ~ ~ n g u u ' u ~ n i n n ~ ~ o f iuu7nu

3. 53U 5.10 W.U. f i ~ 0.09 W.U. Lql#3~f i~ $418 5.19 W.U.

2. ~wh~~rns~6m8de~ (mluometer pallper)

I u I n r r i a o i i l m i i i ~ o S " ~ m r r ~ r ~ ~ m u n ~ r i ~ d ~ ~ r ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ r o u y u (revolutions) imeiu~dau 6 d uopmrayu ~ e m r d 1 u ~ # ~ ~ 1 ~ u ' l R r ~ i ~ 1 o f o ~ d 1 ~ ~ 1 ~ 8 d ~ 6 ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n n ' n n 1 r ~ ~ ~ a n " U i a ~ ~

riiufun8idoi

di/ 2.6 ?u Tnri%9~866n&doi

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1 nyu'ld 1 ~m o r ~ ~ i r u r i v i i ~ - u o ~ 0.5 w. win 0.01 uu. duim 50

PH 1 13 (L)

3. a@tlh%slsi (spherometer)

rfluinPlfosdodinYua'nnis'fiijn

muRdi nrronyu nrrtndi

40 PH 113 (L)

d r d 1. rao'~iuu~iin~idoi 2. lufnru'rosoirmiirdtd

3. afitlf ~U4iss~i 4. U ' I ' I ~ ~ U I ~ ~ ~ ~ I U d r d

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1. n d8.j 2. n+l d(14 3.11-1 $04 4. sin &I d a d w e d

4. witmfinnirafiuraoiiiiuf~ifi5idoi~~uuei1~ld~1c~u'i &ai5nd 3 uosnmnraorruu7arenuucrn

muqotninnn6n trd~lflpbuotainndcaoco~d~~~urn'iln

1. 3n 2. 3V 3.3(S -V) 4. 3(V - S) d r d s. lun~tnf~cnmn~ao~~uu~i~fiiiidoiw~Xocl~~zuzuunmnn~nrvi~Ku (n - 1) Jsc'ldrdurmic n

d a d d r Jasin'i 7 n'wuunmnraotruut rsruuu~raiuiruw'uanlX~en7Qln

PH 1 13 (L]

d dl fliniswfiotosa'un ....... ~ Q U ................... W.V. ............ Section ............. nqu ......

d a d 2 u fhor~uus~~~iidoiuiw~~iudiu411&i'a~~6ue,d~~ = ............... U+-J nro = ............. r.u. Y

icliwqdtiinun (imrruxi: 3 nk l~ifaniriiinilu)

..................................................................................................................

............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..................................................................................................................

PH 1 13 (L) 47

PH 1 13 (L)